New Trends in Psychology: Chapter 11 Insights

New Trends in Psychology

• Presented by Prof. Mai Khalifa, Professor of Educational Psychology
• Focuses on new trends in Psychology

Chapter 11: Psychodynamics Perspective

• Define Psychology and its subfields
• Describe the nature and function of the id, ego, and superego
• Define and describe defense mechanisms

Psychology

• The science of the mind
• The science of behavior
• The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Branches of Psychology

• Biopsychology: Studies how the brain and nervous system influence mental processes and behavior. Provides insight into biological and psychological interactions.
• Social Psychology: The study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others, whether actual, imagined, or symbolically represented.
• Educational Psychology: The study of how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational settings, focusing on emotional, social, and cognitive learning processes.
• Industrial-Organizational Psychology: A scientific study of human behavior in the workplace, focusing on deriving principles of individual, group, and organizational behavior and applying this knowledge to workplace problem-solving.
• Clinical Psychology: A psychological specialty providing comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals, couples, families, and groups. Also involves consultation, training, education, and supervision.
• Sports Psychology: Uses psychological knowledge to address optimal performance, well-being of athletes, developmental and social aspects of sports participation, and systemic issues in sports settings.

Biopsychology

• Also known as physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, or psychobiology
• Studies how the brain and nervous system influence mental processes and behavior, offering insight into complex interactions
• Explores how biological processes affect thoughts, emotions, and actions

Social Psychology

• The study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and actions are influenced by others. Includes actual, imagined, or symbolic influences.

Educational Psychology

• Examines how humans learn and retain knowledge in educational settings like classrooms.
• Includes emotional, social, and cognitive learning processes

Industrial& Organizational psychology

• Also called I/O psychology
• Studies human behavior in organizations and the workplace
• Derives principles of individual, group, and organizational behavior to solve workplace problems

Clinical Psychology

• Specialized area in psychology focused on mental and behavioral health care for individuals, couples, families, and communities
• Provides services involving consultation, training, education, and ongoing support

Sports Psychology

• Uses psychological knowledge to improve athlete performance and well-being.
• Addresses developmental and social aspects of sports participation; systemic concerns within the sports setting.

Freud's Psychoanalysis

• Behavior and feelings are significantly impacted by unconscious motives.
• The unconscious mind is the primary source of human behavior.
• Unconscious thoughts and feelings can surface in conscious awareness in the form of Freudian slips.
• Feelings, motives, and decisions are influenced by past experiences.
• Personality develops through conflicts during childhood.

Freud's Model of the Mind

•  Contains three levels: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
• Consists of three parts: id, ego, superego

Parts of Personality

• Id: Basis of sexual and aggressive energy; illogical, wishful thinking; in the unconscious; inherited; primitive, biological drives
• Ego: Balances reality with id and superego desires; controls desires to ensure socially acceptable expression; concerned with pleasure and pain avoidance
• Superego: Values and morals learned from parents and society; represents internalized values, morals; strives for perfection; leads to feelings of guilt or shame if not met.

Defense Mechanisms

• Unconscious psychological responses protecting people from anxiety, threats to self-esteem, and uncomfortable realities.

This quiz delves into Chapter 11 of the Psychodynamics Perspective, focusing on key concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, alongside defense mechanisms. Discover the contemporary trends in various branches of psychology, including biopsychology and social psychology, and their implications for the study of human behavior.