21st-Century Literature Review PDF

**[21st-century literature pointers]** 1. Familiarize representative text from Asia 2. Chinese Representative Text 3. Japanese Lit (Haiku) 4. Theme of the Grave of the Fireflies 5. Mulan\'s Theme 6. Richard Cory\'s Interpretation and Theme 7. Read Road Not Taken (Robert Frost) (American Lit)...

**[21st-century literature pointers]** 1. Familiarize representative text from Asia 2. Chinese Representative Text 3. Japanese Lit (Haiku) 4. Theme of the Grave of the Fireflies 5. Mulan\'s Theme 6. Richard Cory\'s Interpretation and Theme 7. Read Road Not Taken (Robert Frost) (American Lit) 8. Critical Reading Strategies 9. 21st century literary genre 10. Grave of the fireflies 11. Read the summary of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo (France) 12. Figures of speech 13. Literary techniquefile:///D:/Users/PERSONA/Downloads/21st-century-lit-genre-4\_241130\_072354.pdf 14. Richard Cory 15. Literary context (biographical, social etc.) 16. Study the last module I sent on literary adaptation ***CHINESE REPRESENTATIVE TEXT*** ***PRE-QIN PERIOD*** - *Prose was prevailing* - *Writings were characterized by the profuse expression of feelings and the flexibility of format and patterns.* - *Therefore, analects of Confucius, mozi, and Mencius are represented in this style.* - *Prose is further developed* - *A new format named "FU" was made in this era.* - *[ONE OF THE MOST PROPEROUS AS FAR AS CHINESE CULTURE IS MENTIONED.]* - *Poetry pre-qin became popular in Tang dynasty.* - *Known for its conciseness, magnificent words and phrasing. Expresses one\'s thoughts and emotions.* - *Famous poets of Tang dynasty:* *- li bai the " [Poet immortal"]* *- du fu the " [Poet saint"]* *- Bai Juyi the "[Poet magician"]* *- Li he the " [Poet wizard"]* ***SONG DYNASTY*** - *Poetry evolved into a genre called \"Ci\", essentially song poems composed for banquets and such events.* - *\"Sound is one of the basic forms to convey aesthetic information".* - *Song Ci is considered a kind of* *music literature whose musicality is of high aesthetic value.* - *According to different writing styles[, Song Ci is composed of two schools] ( "[BOLD AND UNCONSTRAINED" and "GRACEFUL AND RESTRAINED") including poets such as Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao.]* - *Known for its drama literature, [Yuan Qu] (Song) including poetic drama and various songs.* - *The most popular drama during [Yuan dynasty] includes:* *-Ma Zhiyuan\'s Autumn in the Han Palace* *-Wang Shifu\'s The Romance of the Western Chamber.* ***MING & QING DYNASTY*** - *Increasing cultural needs and demand. Hence, novels as a literary genre prevailed**.*** - *The four great classical novels of ancient China:* *-Romance of the Three Kingdoms* *-Journey to the West* *-Water Margin* *-Dream of the Red Chamber were all created in this period.* ***JAPANESE LIT ( HAIKU)*** - *Haiku is [a traditional form of Japanese poetry] that follows a specific structure and often captures the essence of nature, moments in time, or human experience. The structure consists of three lines with a syllabic pattern of 5-7-5. Haiku typically evokes a sense of fleeting beauty and often include a \"kigo\" (seasonal word) and a \"kireji\" (cutting word), which helps to create a pause or contrast in the poem.* ***THEME OF THE GRAVE OF FIREFLIES ( WORLD WAR II)*** - *The theme of Grave of the Fireflies (Japanese: Hotaru no Haka) revolves around the devastating effects of war, loss, and the struggle for survival.* - ***The Innocence of Childhood vs. the Brutality of War*** ***-**The film portrays how children are often the most vulnerable in times of conflict, caught in a world they do not understand.* - ***Survival and Self-Reliance*** ***-**The struggle to maintain their dignity and love for each other, even when faced with death, is a central part of their journey.* - ***The Impact of War on Family*** ***-**The siblings' reliance on one another in a broken world emphasizes the deep emotional connections that are often lost or shattered due to the horrors of war.* - ***The Fragility of Life*** ***-**The title, Grave of the Fireflies, refers to the fleeting life of fireflies, which symbolizes the briefness of the children's lives and their fleeting happiness.* - ***Guilt and Responsibility*** ***-** The film subtly critiques the emotional and psychological toll of such guilt, exploring how a sense of responsibility can weigh heavily on a person, particularly a child.* ***MULANS THEME*** - ***Honor and Duty*** *This theme highlights the struggle between individual desires and societal expectations, as Mulan navigates her role as a daughter and a warrior.* - ***Gender Roles and Empowerment*** *Her journey is one of empowerment, showing that strength, bravery, and leadership are not determined by gender but by character.* - ***Identity and Self-Discovery*** *Mulan explores the idea that personal growth and success often require individuals to challenge societal expectations and stay true to who they are, even if it means facing adversity.* - ***Courage and Sacrifice*** *Her actions demonstrate that true courage often comes from selfless acts of love and the willingness to face fear for the greater good.* - ***Family and Loyalty*** *The film emphasizes how loyalty to family can inspire great acts of bravery, and it also reflects the role of family as a source of emotional support and strength.* - ***Breaking Stereotypes and Prejudice*** *Her success challenges these preconceived notions, and her ultimate triumph shows that preconceived judgments based on external characteristics (such as gender) are limiting and untrue.* - ***Transformation and Resilience*** *Her ability to learn from her mistakes, rise to challenges, and transform both herself and others around her is a central narrative arc.* - ***Friendship and Teamwork*** *These friendships play a crucial role in her success, as they help her grow both emotionally and strategically* ***RICHARD CORY'S INTERPRETATION & THEME*** - *\"Richard Cory\" is a well-known poem by Edwin Arlington Robinson that explores themes of social class, appearance versus reality, and the complexities of the human condition. Through the portrayal of Richard Cory, the poem delves into how external appearances can be deceiving, and how inner turmoil or despair can remain hidden behind a facade of wealth and success.* - ***The Illusion of the \"Ideal\" Life*** *This theme critiques the assumption that material wealth and social standing automatically lead to fulfillment, suggesting that these factors alone cannot guarantee emotional well-being or peace of mind.* - ***Appearance vs. Reality*** *This theme suggests that appearances can be deceptive and that individuals often carry hidden burdens that others cannot see. It challenges the simplistic idea that those who seem to \"have it all\" are immune to personal pain or despair.* - ***Social Class and Inequality*** *This reflects the social dynamics of the time, where class distinctions were more pronounced, and wealth was often equated with happiness. Cory's suicide, however, subverts this idea, showing that personal suffering can affect people in all walks of life, regardless of their social standing.* - ***The Loneliness of the Elite*** *The poem suggests that, despite being admired by others, the wealth and success that come with social elitism do not necessarily provide emotional fulfillment or a sense of belonging.* - ***The Unpredictability of Human Experience*** *The abruptness of the ending, with Cory's suicide occurring immediately after the townspeople describe him as \"a gentleman from sole to crown,\" suggests the randomness and unpredictability of human suffering. It also underscores the idea that there is no way to truly know another person's inner life or struggles, no matter how much we may admire or envy them.* - ***Existential Disillusionment*** ***CRITICAL READING STRATEGIES*** - ***critique** (noun) - a detailed analysis and evaluation of something.* - ***arguments** (noun) - a set of reasons given to prove a statement or a stand.* - ***infer** (verb) - to form an opinion from evidence.* - ***annotate** (verb)- to make or furnish critical explanatory notes or comments* - ***defiant** (adjective) - refusing to follow something or someone* ***Contextualizing*** *-Rereading requires a repeated examination of the text to enable you to improve your comprehension of the text and to identify ideas that you may not have noticed in initial reading.* ***Responding*** *-Responding to the text means drawing meaning from what you have read and presenting it in writing or talking about it to others.* ***21^st^ CENTURY LITERATURE GENRE*** *21^st^ century literature* - *21^st^ century literature refers to a new literary work created last decades.* - *Written by contemporary authors.* - *Reflects a technological culture.* - *Grew up in using technology as a primary learning tool.* - *Navigating and interpreting digital formats and media message.*