Oral Communication 1st Quarter 1st Semester PDF

🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui and expresses their thoughts in proper TABLE OF CONTENTS...

🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui and expresses their thoughts in proper TABLE OF CONTENTS order through a message. I. The Functions, Nature and Process of Communication The message is then received and A. The Process of Communication decoded by the receiver. B. The 5 Functions of Communication After that, the receiver provides feedback C. The 5 Types of Noise II. The Models of Communication and becomes a sender. III. Various Strategies in Order to Avoid Communication Another process of communication will Breakdown then emerge. A. Barriers of Communication IV. Types of Speech Context V. Types of Speeches and Speech Style A. Characteristics of Speech Style B. Types of Speeches VI. The Speech Act A. 3 Basic Types of Speech Act B. 5 Major Categories of Illocutionary Acts I. COMMUNICATION It is a two way process essential for transmission of information and expression of ideas among individuals. B. FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION There are two forms of communication; REGULATION/CONTROL: Communication is verbal and non-verbal communication. used to control the pace and flow of conversations or behavior of a participant. SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: Communication is The sounds that come out of our used for the purpose of social interaction Verbal mouth when we speak, such as such as self-introductions and making the tone and pitch of our voice. social calls. MOTIVATION: You can use communication The signs we use to to motivate and empower yourself and Non- communicate using our body, others in various situations. Verbal such as gestures and facial INFORMATION: Communication is used to expression. provide information such as asking directions or when a teacher discusses in class. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION: One of the A. THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION characteristics that distinguish humans The communication process starts with a from animals is their ability to stimulus, an idea that is stimulated by the communicate through emotional sender. expression, using verbal and non-verbal The sender encodes the idea into words cues. Property of: 11 - Euler 1 🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui a presence of feedback. C. THE TYPES OF NOISE WHAT IS NOISE? Communication noise means any barrier to the effective communication process. Physical noise is the external and unnecessary sound created by the environment. Therefore, physical noise is also known as environmental noise Circular Model (Osgood and Schramm) is Physiological noise is a barrier created by an endless flow of conversations. It the communicator’s physical condition. emphasizes the functions of the speaker in Psychological noise is a communication encoding, decoding, and interpreting. The barrier created from the communicator’s speaker and listener has the same psychological factors, for example, values, function, and a continuous exchange of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. This type feedback ensues. of noise interrupts our minds to concentrate on listening. Semantic noise is a communication barrier created from confusion over the meaning of words. It also refers to the wrong grammatical sentence that makes the receiver unable to understand the meaning. Transactional Model is not only a two-way Cultural Noise is a communication barrier process but also a simultaneous activity. created from the wrong explanation of The presence of noise affects the process. another person’s behaviors. The senders and receivers are called participants. II. The Models of Communication Linear Model (Shannon-Weaver) is a one-way activity that flows from the sender to the receiver, and feedback is not necessary. Helical Model states that communication starts at birth and evolves as one grows up. It shows that knowledge increases as the interaction goes on. Interactive Model is a two-way activity where the sender and receiver have the same role in the conversation, and there is Property of: 11 - Euler 2 🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui conclusions or decide prematurely that the message has little to no value. ★ HOW TO AVOID? Stop jumping into conclusions, and ask for the real motive for clarification. Information Overload refers to giving too much information at a time. Gatekeeper Theory is the flow of ★ HOW TO AVOID? Jot down the information as it passes through a gate to important details so that you will decide what information is permitted to not forget them. pass through and what information will be Lack of Interest and Attention refers to kept out. when the listeners don’t give proper attention or display no interest to the message or information given. ★ HOW TO AVOID? Pay attention to the speaker and double check the information or message before you do something. Emotional Barrier refers to the way an emotional state of a person may cause communication break III. Barriers of Communication ★ HOW TO AVOID? Always be polite, no matter what you feel. Ask the Language Barrier refers to the inability to other person to give you a moment understand unfamiliar accents, or the use to calm down and relax. of unfamiliar words or expressions. ★ HOW TO AVOID? You can use IV. TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT layman’s term instead of jargons Cultural Barrier refers to the WHAT IS SPEECH CONTEXT? Speech communication breakdown caused by context refers to the situation in which differences in views and beliefs. communication occurs. ★ HOW TO AVOID? Be sensitive and respectful to other cultures. Do not Only involves one be afraid to ask questions. Intrapersonal participant which is both Physical Barrier refers to the noise, poor Communication the sender and receiver. lighting or distance that may cause communication breakdown. Interpersonal An interaction between two ★ HOW TO AVOID? Make adjustments Communication or more participants. to your surroundings to avoid what Dyad - Composed of is causing the barrier. two participants who Pre-Judging refers to how we jump to Property of: 11 - Euler 3 🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui and inside jokes are shared. They also take turns as the share terms of endearment and private sender and receiver in vocabularies. the interaction. Casual Speech Style is used in informal Small Group - conversations among friends, colleagues Composed of 3 or and family. There is a presence of more, group of colloquial words and nonstandard participants in an expressions. Nicknames are used in interaction. addressing one another. Interruptions are Involves a speaker and a common. Public Speech Consultative Speech Style is used in sizable number of persons Context ordinary conversations or routine or an audience. transactions that lead to an outcome or Also involves a speaker but result. The speaker is required to choose Mass takes place on a words with some care, and both the Communication newspaper, television or speaker and listener are active the mass media. participants. Interruptions are allowed. Formal Speech Style is a one-way communication where only the speaker is the active participant and the word choice should be very clear, grammatically correct and planned ahead. There is little or no feedback from the audience and interruptions are not allowed. Frozen Speech Style uses “frozen” V. TYPES OF SPEECHES AND SPEECH STYLE language where statements are learned by repetition and memorization. It involves fixed expressions that are rarely or never Speech Style refers to a particular style of changed. speaking and indicates the level of formality when a person interacts with others. Dutch linguist Martin Joos labeled B. Types of Speeches these speech types into five in his book The Five Clocks (1962). An Expository or Informative Speech provides the audience with information A. Characteristics of Speech Style about a topic A Persuasive Speech aims to influence the audience to accept the speaker’s position Intimate Speech Style refers to or stand on an issue. Greek philosopher conversations done in private where Aristotle states that a persuasive speech participants usually use short utterances Property of: 11 - Euler 4 🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui must have these elements to persuade an Clincher A fact or matter that settles audience effectively. the argument conclusively. ★ Ethos, an appeal to the speaker's The closing statement of a credibility. speech where you give a ★ Pathos, an appeal to the brief conclusion of audience’s emotion. everything you have ★ Logos, an appeal to logic or reason. discussed during your An Entertainment Speech aims to amuse speech. audience. An Impromptu Speech is made with no advance planning, and the act of VI. THE SPEECH ACT delivering a speech spontaneously. An Extemporaneous Speech is given from notes or a speech outline. The speaker You call it a Speech Act whenever you say uses their prepared notes as a guide, and something, which means you actually elaborates it using their own words. express an intention. It was first proposed A Memorized Speech is when a speaker by John Langshaw in 1962, and was further commits an entire speech to memory developed by John Roger Searle in 1969. A Manuscript Speech is a written text read to an audience from a paper script or teleprompter. A. Three Basic Types of Speech Act LOCUTION refers to the act of saying Opening This is the introduction to something or the actual word spoken. your speech. It gives the ILLOCUTION refers to the intention the preview of the main points in speaker has in mind while performing the the speech, and is often locutionary act. started with a catchy PERLOCUTION refers to the effects, which opening to catch your may be intended or not, the utterance has audience’s attention. on the thoughts, behavior, and feelings of the listener. Point/Reason This is the part where we elaborate the main points of the speech. It is advisable to use the rule of three as a format to your speech. Can be the past, present, future or 3 interconnected examples that will cover the whole topic. Property of: 11 - Euler 5 🗣 ORAL COMMUNICATION 1st Semester, 1st Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Ms. Raysie Seidel | Ayesha Leona Tambungui B. Major Categories of Illocutionary Acts ASSERTIVES - The speaker expresses belief about the truth of a proposition. DIRECTIVES - The speaker gets the addressee to do something. COMMISSIVES - The speaker commits to some future course of action. EXPRESSIVES - The speaker expresses their thoughts and feelings about something or a certain situation. DECLARATIONS - The speaker’s utterance brings about immediate changes in the external situation. Reminders: Sharing this reviewer to students that are not from our class will only be allowed if the person who made it said so. Practice consent. 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