Oral Comm PDF

ORAL COMM Unit 1 (L1) COMMUNICATION - transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the usue of verbal and nonverbal cues. - comes from the Latin word communis (common) PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION STIMULUS - an idea or concept that the sender has and would like to co...

ORAL COMM Unit 1 (L1) COMMUNICATION - transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the usue of verbal and nonverbal cues. - comes from the Latin word communis (common) PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION STIMULUS - an idea or concept that the sender has and would like to convey. SENDER - encodes the message by putting it into words and then expresses the idea in proper sequence. RECEIVER - accepts and decodes the message. FEEDBACK - given by the receiver when responding to the message. NOISE - Causes breakdown in the communication process Unit 1 (L2) VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Verbal - The use of words or speech in sending messages and transmitting ideas or feelings Nonverbal - the act of expressing ideas in ways that do not involve or go beyond using words. TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION PROXEMICS - How the space or distance between the sender or receiver affects their communication KINESICS - The use of body language in communication CHRONEMICS - refers to the role of time in the communication process PARALANGUAGE - the tone, speed, and volume of a speaker’s voice HAPTICS - the use of touch to convey meaning in a conversation Unit 1 (L3) ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION Participants - communicators, can be both senders and receivers Context - refers to the interrelated conditions that affect the message Physical context - refers to the place, time, environment, and distance between communicators. Social context - refers to the relationship of the communicators. Pyschological context - refers to the moods and feelings. Cultural context - includes the beliefs and norms of the participants. Message - The main point of having communication Channel - the means of delivering the message Feedback - the rsponse of the receiver Unit 1 (L4) MODELS OF COMMUNICATION LINEAR - one-way activity in which information flows (passive receiver) INTERACTIVE - shows communication as a two-way activity TRANSACTIONAL - presents communication as a simultaneous activity ORAL COMM Unit 2 (L1) CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION CULTURE - the system of knowledge that is shared by a particular group composed of a relatively large group of people Self-awareness is essential for essential for better communication with others, especially with those who are different from you. The way you communicate with others is largely influenced by your view of them. Unit 2 (L2) GENDER AND AGE Gender - In genral men and women differ in terms of their communication style Assertive and competitive Polite and affectionate Reserved Expressive Talk about different topics Talk about one topic at length Need personal space Intimate To provide information To build or maintain relationship -Men initiate the interaction -Men often interrupt the other person -Men use fewer adjectives and intensifiers compared to women. AGE - people of different ages or generations may have difficulty communicating with one another. Unit 2(L3) SOCIAL STATUS AND RELIGION Social Status - Individuals are more likely to interact with others of the same social standing as them Elements of social class -Ascribed social class determined at birth through characteristics such as age, sex, race, and family background -Achieved social class acquired through a person’s ability, talent, skill, and perseverance Religion - Communication between persons belonging to different religions may be a common source of intercultural conflict. Unit 2 (L4) EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS Barriers in Communication A. Language barriers - When two individuals do not have a common language. B. Cultural barriers - Different principles, views, and beliefs C. Physical barriers - Hindrances caused by environmental factors such as noise, lightning, and distance between the receiver and speaker. D. Prejudging - This happens when she or he understood what the speaker means even before the message is completely expressed. E. Information Overload - This happens when one gives too much information at a time. F. Lack of Interest and attention - This happens when a person gives information that does not interest others ORAL COMM Unit 3 (L1) regulation or control and social interaction Regulation control and social status are functions of communication that are used by individuals based on different situations they are in. Verbal cues ‘’that’s ‘’ and ‘’thank you’’ ‘’yeah’’ and ‘’uh huh’’ ‘’well…’’ and ‘’um…’’ ‘’is that clear?’’ and ‘’Do you follow’’ Nonverbal cues Eye contact When a speaker looks away or avoids eye contact from a listener who wishes to take the floor,the speaker is suppressing the listener’s attempt to tke the floor. Head-shaking Indicates that the listener wants the speaker to stop talking. Raising the index finger Signals that the speaker is not finished speaking or that the listener would like to say something. Leaning back Signals that the speaker is done talking and is now yielding the floor. Unit 3 (L2) Motavation one of the function of communication is motivation.communication may be used for the purpose of motivating oneself and others in various situations. Using communication for motivation is important for various reason,which include the following: A. it increases productivity B. It empowers individuals Steps you can do motivate others. 1. walk the talk. 2. Actively listen. 3. Make a person feel that he or she makes a difference. 4. Communication clearly and with compassion. Three ways to look for motivation A. needs B. Behavior C. Rewards Unit 3 (L3) Information Provide information to others in various speech situations,such as when delivering an informative speech,when someone asks for directions,and when getting to know someone. Tips in giving information 1. Maintain eye contact and speak clearly 2. Use variations in speech. 3. Focus on the needed information. ORAL COMM Tips in receiving information 1. Note down information 2. Ask question 3. Ask for clarification and verification. Unit 3 (L4) emotional expression Emotion help humans communicate their ideas and feelings towards certain sitruations. Four basic human emotion Happy-this is experienced when a person is content,pleased,deligthed, or excited. Sad-this is usually characterized by feelings of despair,sorrow,loss,hopelessness,disappointment, or even depression. Surprised-this is usually felt when something unexpected occurs.it is also characterized by a feeling of shock or amazement. Angry-this is usually experienced when a person feels intense frustration.it is also felt when he or she feels offended,irritated,humiliated,threatened,disrespected, or provoked. Unit 4 (L1) what are Speech Context? Speech context refers to the situation or environment and the circumtances in which communication occurs. Characteristics of speech context 1. number of participants 2. Physical proximity of the participation in relation to one another. 3. The channel used for the communication 4. The immediacy of the exchange Categories of communication 1. formal communication 2. Informal communication Unit 4 (L2) Intrapersonal speech Intrapersonal communication simply means communicating with oneself.The individual involved in the process of communication is both the sender and the receiver. Types of intrapersonal communication Internal discourse- inner talk,done within the mind Solo written communication- writing that is not intended for others Solo vocal communication- spoken aloud. Unit 4 (L3) Interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication  A transmission or exchange of message,feelings, or a meaning through verbal or nonverbal cues  Necessitates an interdependent relationship between or among participants  May be direct or indirect 1. Direct- face to face encounter 2. Indirect-virtual,with the use of technology ORAL COMM Kind of interpersonal communication 1.Dyad Composed of two participants 3. Small group Composed of three or more participants who engage in discussing. Unit 4 (L4 )Public information Single speaker Sizeable audience Message:general interest to the audience Needs planning and preparation Limited or no opportunities for feedback except for nonverbal messages Has a definite time limit Purpose of public communication To inform - professionals, such as doctors and teachers,deliver speeches during conference and seminars To pursuade - convincing others to buy products to support a cause or advocacy or to vote for a particular candidate To entertain - delivering toast during a special occasion,comedy,speeches,message during school/companyprograms/parties Public communication vs. Mass communication Same sizeable audience and perpose but different channel of communication used Unit 5 (L1) SPEECH STYLES Types of speech style -Intimate -Casual -Consultative -Frozen -Formal Factors A. Audience - Who are you speaking with? B. Topic - Subject of the conversation C. Purpose - Objective of the communication D. Location - Where is the communication being held? UNIT 5 (L2) INTIMATE AND CASUAL SPEECH STYLE INTIMATE SPEECH STYLE -Complete absence of social inhibitions -Participants have a very close relationship -Usually done in private -Participants share inside joke CASUAL SPEECH STYLE -The tone is conversational -Interruptions are common ORAL COMM UNIT 5 (L3)CONSULTATIVE SPEECH STYLE CONSULTATIVE -The most operational style among the other styles -Used in semiformal situations in which a speaker needs to provide background information -Used in business or in other professional situations UNIT 5 (L4)FORMAL AND FROZEN SPEECH STYLE FORMAL SPEECH STYLE -Interruptions are not allowed -Pronunciation is very clear -Ideas are cohesive and organized Used in Sermons, speeches and announcements FROZEN SPEECH STYLE -Also called the oratorical style -The most formal and reserved for very formal situations -It has symbolic or historical nature -It is typically prescribed by law, custom, or ritual