Social Sciences Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of anthropology?

  • Studying the sociological imagination
  • Examining individual mental processes
  • Exploring groups and cultures (correct)
  • Analyzing social factors shaping individuals

    • How can the sociological perspective be described?

  • Focusing solely on individual characteristics
  • An individualistic approach to analyzing society
  • Comparing various global economies
  • Viewing the world in a new way, like wearing glasses (correct)

    • In sociology, what does 'we are our society, we are our culture' imply?

  • Individuals are independent of their cultural values
  • Cultural values do not impact personal identity
  • Society is shaped by individual perspectives
  • Personal identity is influenced by societal and cultural factors (correct)

    • How does sociology differ from psychology based on the text?

    <p>Psychology looks at how people think individually, while sociology studies social factors that shape individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to an individual's face according to the text?

    <p>Ethnicity and religion among others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is psychology not the best explanation for behavior in the postsecondary classroom according to the text?

    <p>Psychology focuses on individual explanations, not social scripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about conformity in relation to social scripts?

    <p>Conformity is a natural part of adhering to social scripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text mention the concept of social structure in sociology?

    <p>To explain how social forces govern human behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Indigenous peoples economically marginalized?

    <p>Because of a racialized hierarchy present in Canadian society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central fascination of sociology according to the text?

    <p>Understanding how people conform to social forces without realizing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of structural functionalism in sociology?

    <p>Analyzing manifest functions of different social institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does structural functionalism view society according to the text?

    <p>As a stable system composed of parts performing functions for overall social stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist argued that religion serves the function of creating social cohesion?

    <p>Emile Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of structural functionalism, what happens if a part of society fails to perform its function?

    <p>Problems arise in the overall stability of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does structural functionalism differ from conflict theory in sociology based on the text?

    <p>Structural functionalism focuses on social harmony, while conflict theory emphasizes societal discord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of causality in social sciences, why is it important to pay attention to time sequence according to the text?

    <p>To establish the direction of causation between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it mentioned in the text that correlation must not be explainable by a third variable?

    <p>To avoid spurious or false correlations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate when A goes up and B goes down according to the text?

    <p>A negative correlation between A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does recognizing the order of events help in determining causation according to the text?

    <p>It helps avoid mistaking correlation for causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is thinking outside the box considered to be inside the box of Western individualism?

    <p>It is a form of conformity to the norm of nonconformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cultural diversity, what is a significant difference highlighted between Westerners and the Tonga of Southeast Africa?

    <p>Attitudes towards physical affection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Jews, Hindus, and Canadians have different practices related to food consumption, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Due to cultural norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the role of cultural diversity in shaping societal norms?

    <p>It highlights the importance of cultural relativism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the text discuss the relationship between conformity and subcultures?

    <p>Conformity varies among different subcultures based on their beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of socialization according to the text?

    <p>It is the process through which individuals develop their selfhood and acquire necessary skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the consequences of lacking socialization?

    <p>Individuals deprived of socialization struggle to adapt to their culture and community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does socialization contribute to the perpetuation of societies and cultures?

    <p>By fostering cohesion and ensuring the transmission of cultural norms and practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between socialization and individual identity?

    <p>Socialization plays a critical role in the formation of an individual's identity within society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways does socialization differ from online identity creation in the digital age?

    <p>Online identity creation lacks the depth and complexity of traditional socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the gender differences in occupying personal space?

    <p>Men get to sprawl and spread out where women are expected to fold themselves up into tidy packages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a form of encroachment or violation of personal space?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the act of dominating a room with one's voice in relation to personal space?

    <p>A form of encroachment and violation of personal space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of reference groups according to the text?

    <p>To shape the choices individuals make before belonging to the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do reference groups impact an individual's future aspirations?

    <p>By shaping the choices an individual makes to become like the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of group structure, what role does size play in the functioning of a group?

    <p>The impact of group size on functioning depends on various factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of group structure do sociologists find most obvious when analyzing different groups?

    <p>The size of the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the third level of potentially abusive sexual behavior according to the text?

    <p>Engaging in violent forms of humiliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of potentially abusive sexual behavior, what action would be classified as personalizing and dehumanizing?

    <p>Saying mean things to humiliate someone about their sexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates violent interaction in the realm of sexual experience?

    <p>Treating sex organs as weapons and targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior in partnered relationships would be considered extreme according to the text?

    <p>Using sex organs as weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crime is motivated by hate based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or political perspective?

    <p>Hate crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of crime primarily aims to make money through illegal means within a structured group?

    <p>Organized crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for corporate crime mentioned in the text?

    <p>White-collar crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crime involves violating laws to maximize profit even if it means breaking the law?

    <p>Corporate crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of criminal activity, what characterizes street crime?

    <p>Involving property offenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main basis of the caste system as described in the text?

    <p>Hindu belief in reincarnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the caste system officially abolished in India?

    <p>1949</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does modernization impact social stratification according to the text?

    <p>It creates a meritocracy based system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of inequality is associated with stratification systems as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Differences in social status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the socialization of girls through toys like Polly Pocket?

    <p>Girls are socialized to prioritize appearance and trends through toys like Polly Pocket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the expectations placed on girls in terms of clothing and accessories?

    <p>Girls are expected to wear dresses, booties, jewellery, and cute socks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do gender stereotypes influence peer groups in elementary schools according to the text?

    <p>Girls may jostle for popularity based on hierarchy, while boys tend to avoid popularity contests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text highlight the gendered expectations of future roles placed on young girls?

    <p>It is assumed that every girl will be a wife, mother, or both in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the text suggest about the early sexualization of clothing for girls?

    <p>Early sexualization of clothing can be toxic when girls reach adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mary Wollstonecraft's argument regarding women during the enlightenment period?

    <p>Women and men are fundamentally the same and women should have the same rights and freedoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key aspects of Mary Wollstonecraft's advocacy for women's rights?

    <p>Advocating for women to have the right to speak their minds and pursue the life they want.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mary Wollstonecraft emphasize about the rational abilities of women compared to men?

    <p>Women have the same rational abilities as men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mary Wollstonecraft propose women should have power according to her argument?

    <p>Over themselves, not over men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mary Wollstonecraft's view on women's participation in society as per the enlightenment ideals?

    <p>Women should be enlightened and participate fully in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What justification was used for colonization based on the text?

    <p>Racist theories of humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the physical and social separation of categories of people mentioned in the text?

    <p>Segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal term means enforced by law, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>De jure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did Apartheid policies take place from 1960-1990 according to the text?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the dominant racial segregation system in the southern US until the 1960s?

    <p>Jim Crow laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does John Porter's work 'The Vertical Mosaic' reveal about Canadian society?

    <p>It dispels the myth of Canada as a classless society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Porter's research, what perpetuates class disparities among immigrant groups in Canada?

    <p>Ethnic self-segregation and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does John Porter's work 'The Vertical Mosaic' contribute to understanding social hierarchy in Canada?

    <p>By demonstrating that wealth and power define societal hierarchy in Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does John Porter's research challenge traditional views of Canada as mentioned in the text?

    <p>By revealing that racialized minorities continue to face social and economic disadvantages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical concern arose from the Milgram experiments mentioned in the text?

    <p>Participants were misled about high-voltage electric shocks without their informed consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Milgram experiments affect participants' trust in the researcher, as per the text?

    <p>Participants developed a sense of suspicion towards researchers due to the deception involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect of ethical research practice is highlighted in Canadian higher education institutions, as indicated in the text?

    <p>Undergoing careful ethical scrutiny before conducting studies involving human participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text highlight the importance of trust in the participant-researcher relationship?

    <p>By outlining key motivations that underscore the significance of trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is mentioned in the text as a standard procedure before beginning studies involving human participants?

    <p>Providing participants with a letter of information detailing study purpose and potential risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Calvinists consider as indications of their favorable standing with God and divine approval?

    <p>Prosperity and profit-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Max Weber, what did Calvinism promote that facilitated economic ambition?

    <p>Sobriety, thrift, and hard work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Weber's theory regarding Calvinism differ from Marx's view on economic changes?

    <p>Weber saw religious thought as a potential cause of economic change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Max Weber's work emphasize regarding the influence of religious values on world history?

    <p>Alterations in religious values can influence the course of world history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Enlightenment thinkers, what was a significant factor in social and economic change during seventeenth-century Europe?

    <p>The growth of science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does birth order impact socialization within the same family according to the text?

    <p>It leads to differences in how children are socialized within the same family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge do young children face when transitioning to childcare, preschool, and kindergarten according to the text?

    <p>Struggling to adapt to the strict rules and schedules in kindergartens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the concept where children impact their parents' socialization according to the text?

    <p>Reverse socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Canada and the United States in terms of drug use as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Canada's legal drug use outweighs illegal drug use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country's approach to sex work is most likely to lead to minimal government oversight according to the text?

    <p>New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern raised about countries with less state oversight on sex work?

    <p>Increased health risks for sex workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perception does media bias toward success stories foster, according to the text?

    <p>That success is achievable based solely on personal merits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the myth of meritocracy perpetuated by success stories impact marginalized social groups?

    <p>It disadvantages marginalized groups by perpetuating barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do existing biases get reinforced by misconceptions surrounding upward mobility?

    <p>By wrongly attributing lack of success to personal shortcomings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption might be made in society if fewer Deaf politicians succeed, according to the text?

    <p>Deaf individuals lack competence for political roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Ann Oakley introduce in sociology to refer to the biological categorization into male and female?

    <p>Sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are gender differences often perceived, according to the text?

    <p>Culturally constructed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal significance does understanding gender involve, according to Ann Oakley?

    <p>Unequal division into femininity and masculinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest gendered disadvantages intersect with other forms of disadvantage in Canada?

    <p>Creating diverse and unique experiences of discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does racism impact individuals according to the text?

    <p>It diminishes one's sense of community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the example of Dave Mornix in the text illustrate?

    <p>Racial identity can lead to questioning one's sense of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals contribute to their own racialization according to the text?

    <p>They intentionally present themselves to influence perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study by Litchmore, Safdar, and O’Doherty (2016) demonstrate regarding second-generation Canadian youth of African and Caribbean heritage?

    <p>They intentionally craft a shared identity through historical and social references.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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