96 Questions
What is the main focus of anthropology?
Exploring groups and cultures
How can the sociological perspective be described?
Viewing the world in a new way, like wearing glasses
In sociology, what does 'we are our society, we are our culture' imply?
Personal identity is influenced by societal and cultural factors
How does sociology differ from psychology based on the text?
Psychology looks at how people think individually, while sociology studies social factors that shape individuals
Which factor contributes to an individual's face according to the text?
Ethnicity and religion among others
Why is psychology not the best explanation for behavior in the postsecondary classroom according to the text?
Psychology focuses on individual explanations, not social scripts.
What does the text suggest about conformity in relation to social scripts?
Conformity is a natural part of adhering to social scripts.
Why does the text mention the concept of social structure in sociology?
To explain how social forces govern human behavior.
Why are Indigenous peoples economically marginalized?
Because of a racialized hierarchy present in Canadian society.
What is the central fascination of sociology according to the text?
Understanding how people conform to social forces without realizing it.
What is the primary focus of structural functionalism in sociology?
Analyzing manifest functions of different social institutions
How does structural functionalism view society according to the text?
As a stable system composed of parts performing functions for overall social stability
Which sociologist argued that religion serves the function of creating social cohesion?
Emile Durkheim
In the context of structural functionalism, what happens if a part of society fails to perform its function?
Problems arise in the overall stability of society
How does structural functionalism differ from conflict theory in sociology based on the text?
Structural functionalism focuses on social harmony, while conflict theory emphasizes societal discord
In the context of causality in social sciences, why is it important to pay attention to time sequence according to the text?
To establish the direction of causation between variables
Why is it mentioned in the text that correlation must not be explainable by a third variable?
To avoid spurious or false correlations
What does it indicate when A goes up and B goes down according to the text?
A negative correlation between A and B
How does recognizing the order of events help in determining causation according to the text?
It helps avoid mistaking correlation for causation
Why is thinking outside the box considered to be inside the box of Western individualism?
It is a form of conformity to the norm of nonconformity.
In the context of cultural diversity, what is a significant difference highlighted between Westerners and the Tonga of Southeast Africa?
Attitudes towards physical affection
Why do Jews, Hindus, and Canadians have different practices related to food consumption, as mentioned in the text?
Due to cultural norms and values
What does the text suggest about the role of cultural diversity in shaping societal norms?
It highlights the importance of cultural relativism.
In what way does the text discuss the relationship between conformity and subcultures?
Conformity varies among different subcultures based on their beliefs.
What is the significance of socialization according to the text?
It is the process through which individuals develop their selfhood and acquire necessary skills.
What does the text imply about the consequences of lacking socialization?
Individuals deprived of socialization struggle to adapt to their culture and community.
How does socialization contribute to the perpetuation of societies and cultures?
By fostering cohesion and ensuring the transmission of cultural norms and practices.
What does the text suggest about the relationship between socialization and individual identity?
Socialization plays a critical role in the formation of an individual's identity within society.
In what ways does socialization differ from online identity creation in the digital age?
Online identity creation lacks the depth and complexity of traditional socialization.
How does the text describe the gender differences in occupying personal space?
Men get to sprawl and spread out where women are expected to fold themselves up into tidy packages.
What is considered a form of encroachment or violation of personal space?
All of the above
How does the text describe the act of dominating a room with one's voice in relation to personal space?
A form of encroachment and violation of personal space.
What is the primary function of reference groups according to the text?
To shape the choices individuals make before belonging to the group
How do reference groups impact an individual's future aspirations?
By shaping the choices an individual makes to become like the group
In terms of group structure, what role does size play in the functioning of a group?
The impact of group size on functioning depends on various factors
What aspect of group structure do sociologists find most obvious when analyzing different groups?
The size of the group
What characterizes the third level of potentially abusive sexual behavior according to the text?
Engaging in violent forms of humiliation
In the context of potentially abusive sexual behavior, what action would be classified as personalizing and dehumanizing?
Saying mean things to humiliate someone about their sexuality
What differentiates violent interaction in the realm of sexual experience?
Treating sex organs as weapons and targets
Which behavior in partnered relationships would be considered extreme according to the text?
Using sex organs as weapons
What type of crime is motivated by hate based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or political perspective?
Hate crime
Which type of crime primarily aims to make money through illegal means within a structured group?
Organized crime
What is another name for corporate crime mentioned in the text?
White-collar crime
What type of crime involves violating laws to maximize profit even if it means breaking the law?
Corporate crime
In the context of criminal activity, what characterizes street crime?
Involving property offenses
What is the main basis of the caste system as described in the text?
Hindu belief in reincarnation
In what year was the caste system officially abolished in India?
1949
How does modernization impact social stratification according to the text?
It creates a meritocracy based system
What aspect of inequality is associated with stratification systems as mentioned in the text?
Differences in social status
What does the text suggest about the socialization of girls through toys like Polly Pocket?
Girls are socialized to prioritize appearance and trends through toys like Polly Pocket.
How does the text describe the expectations placed on girls in terms of clothing and accessories?
Girls are expected to wear dresses, booties, jewellery, and cute socks.
In what way do gender stereotypes influence peer groups in elementary schools according to the text?
Girls may jostle for popularity based on hierarchy, while boys tend to avoid popularity contests.
How does the text highlight the gendered expectations of future roles placed on young girls?
It is assumed that every girl will be a wife, mother, or both in the future.
What impact does the text suggest about the early sexualization of clothing for girls?
Early sexualization of clothing can be toxic when girls reach adulthood.
What was Mary Wollstonecraft's argument regarding women during the enlightenment period?
Women and men are fundamentally the same and women should have the same rights and freedoms.
What was one of the key aspects of Mary Wollstonecraft's advocacy for women's rights?
Advocating for women to have the right to speak their minds and pursue the life they want.
What did Mary Wollstonecraft emphasize about the rational abilities of women compared to men?
Women have the same rational abilities as men.
How did Mary Wollstonecraft propose women should have power according to her argument?
Over themselves, not over men.
What was Mary Wollstonecraft's view on women's participation in society as per the enlightenment ideals?
Women should be enlightened and participate fully in society.
What justification was used for colonization based on the text?
Racist theories of humanity
What term describes the physical and social separation of categories of people mentioned in the text?
Segregation
Which legal term means enforced by law, as mentioned in the text?
De jure
In which country did Apartheid policies take place from 1960-1990 according to the text?
South Africa
What was the dominant racial segregation system in the southern US until the 1960s?
Jim Crow laws
What does John Porter's work 'The Vertical Mosaic' reveal about Canadian society?
It dispels the myth of Canada as a classless society.
According to John Porter's research, what perpetuates class disparities among immigrant groups in Canada?
Ethnic self-segregation and discrimination.
How does John Porter's work 'The Vertical Mosaic' contribute to understanding social hierarchy in Canada?
By demonstrating that wealth and power define societal hierarchy in Canada.
In what way does John Porter's research challenge traditional views of Canada as mentioned in the text?
By revealing that racialized minorities continue to face social and economic disadvantages.
What ethical concern arose from the Milgram experiments mentioned in the text?
Participants were misled about high-voltage electric shocks without their informed consent.
How did the Milgram experiments affect participants' trust in the researcher, as per the text?
Participants developed a sense of suspicion towards researchers due to the deception involved.
What key aspect of ethical research practice is highlighted in Canadian higher education institutions, as indicated in the text?
Undergoing careful ethical scrutiny before conducting studies involving human participants.
How does the text highlight the importance of trust in the participant-researcher relationship?
By outlining key motivations that underscore the significance of trust.
Which practice is mentioned in the text as a standard procedure before beginning studies involving human participants?
Providing participants with a letter of information detailing study purpose and potential risks.
What did Calvinists consider as indications of their favorable standing with God and divine approval?
Prosperity and profit-making
According to Max Weber, what did Calvinism promote that facilitated economic ambition?
Sobriety, thrift, and hard work
How does Weber's theory regarding Calvinism differ from Marx's view on economic changes?
Weber saw religious thought as a potential cause of economic change.
What does Max Weber's work emphasize regarding the influence of religious values on world history?
Alterations in religious values can influence the course of world history.
According to Enlightenment thinkers, what was a significant factor in social and economic change during seventeenth-century Europe?
The growth of science
How does birth order impact socialization within the same family according to the text?
It leads to differences in how children are socialized within the same family.
What challenge do young children face when transitioning to childcare, preschool, and kindergarten according to the text?
Struggling to adapt to the strict rules and schedules in kindergartens.
Which term describes the concept where children impact their parents' socialization according to the text?
Reverse socialization
What is a key difference between Canada and the United States in terms of drug use as mentioned in the text?
Canada's legal drug use outweighs illegal drug use.
Which country's approach to sex work is most likely to lead to minimal government oversight according to the text?
New Zealand
What is a common concern raised about countries with less state oversight on sex work?
Increased health risks for sex workers
What perception does media bias toward success stories foster, according to the text?
That success is achievable based solely on personal merits
How does the myth of meritocracy perpetuated by success stories impact marginalized social groups?
It disadvantages marginalized groups by perpetuating barriers
How do existing biases get reinforced by misconceptions surrounding upward mobility?
By wrongly attributing lack of success to personal shortcomings
What assumption might be made in society if fewer Deaf politicians succeed, according to the text?
Deaf individuals lack competence for political roles
What term did Ann Oakley introduce in sociology to refer to the biological categorization into male and female?
Sex
How are gender differences often perceived, according to the text?
Culturally constructed
What societal significance does understanding gender involve, according to Ann Oakley?
Unequal division into femininity and masculinity
How does the text suggest gendered disadvantages intersect with other forms of disadvantage in Canada?
Creating diverse and unique experiences of discrimination
How does racism impact individuals according to the text?
It diminishes one's sense of community.
What does the example of Dave Mornix in the text illustrate?
Racial identity can lead to questioning one's sense of self.
How do individuals contribute to their own racialization according to the text?
They intentionally present themselves to influence perceptions.
What does the study by Litchmore, Safdar, and O’Doherty (2016) demonstrate regarding second-generation Canadian youth of African and Caribbean heritage?
They intentionally craft a shared identity through historical and social references.
Explore the fundamental concepts of psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Understand how mental processes, group dynamics, and social factors shape individuals and societies. Gain insight into the sociological perspective and its impact on examining human behavior.
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