Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology
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Questions and Answers

Which type of lover is characterized by reaching a goal and being sensible?

  • Romantic lovers
  • Sentimental lovers
  • Pragmatic lovers (correct)
  • Altruistic lovers

    • Bipedalism is a trait that separates hominids from other primates.

    True (A)

    What does natural selection primarily involve?

  • Survival of the fittest (correct)
  • Immediate environmental changes
  • Random genetic mutations
  • Human intervention in mating

    • Who is best known for the theory of psychosocial development?

    <p>Erik Erikson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mary Leakey discovered the oldest hominid fossils at Olduvai Gorge.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branch of anthropology primarily focuses on biological aspects and evolution?

    <p>Physical Anthropology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main groups involved in an experiment in sociology?

    <p>Experimental group and control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensation activates the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and _______.

    <p>touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Erik Erikson's stages with their key conflicts:

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust = Infants trust caregivers Intimacy vs. Isolation = Young adults form relationships Generativity vs. Stagnation = Adults give back Integrity vs. Despair = Seniors reflect on life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychologists typically focus on the biological diversity of human species.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A case study in sociology is a detailed examination of a specific individual, group, event, or __________.

    <p>community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Natural Selection = A process through which species evolve over time Survey = A research method involving questionnaires or interviews Case Study = Detailed examination of a specific subject Experiment = Manipulation of variables to understand effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is best known for discovering the fossil known as 'Lucy'?

    <p>Donald Johnson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common type of mental illness?

    <p>Anxiety disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of natural selection?

    <p>Charles Darwin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of the human past through material remains is known as __________.

    <p>Archaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Margaret Mead focused solely on the behavior of children in her research.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychologists with their area of expertise:

    <p>Raymond Dart = Discovery of Australopithecus africanus Donald Johnson = Discovery of Lucy Cognitive Process = Mental activities like memory and reasoning Ethnography = In-depth description of a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does mental illness have on a person's daily life?

    <p>It can affect thinking, feeling, behavior, and daily functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surveys are typically used for qualitative analysis in sociology.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the first step of the social science inquiry model.

    <p>Identify a Problem or Question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes cognitive processes?

    <p>Involves mental activities essential for understanding and tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural anthropology documents cultures with inherent biases.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by feelings of hopelessness and sadness for an extended period?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept Charles Horton Cooley is known for?

    <p>Looking-glass self (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Implicit memory refers to information that can be consciously recalled.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of Cooley's looking-glass self?

    <p>Imagining how we appear to others, imagining how others judge that appearance, developing a self-feeling based on those judgments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The debate between genetic factors and environmental influences on development is known as the ______ debate.

    <p>nature vs nurture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of memory with its description:

    <p>Episodic Memory = Ability to remember past events Semantic Memory = Understanding how to do things Sensory Memory = Initial storage of sensory information Long Term Memory = More permanent storage of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did primary groups play in Cooley's theory?

    <p>They influence socialization and identity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mary and Louis Leakey were primarily known for their work in paleontology in North America.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

    <p>Explicit memory involves conscious recall of facts and events, while implicit memory relates to skills and tasks performed unconsciously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of personality does the Id represent?

    <p>Impulsive and pleasure-seeking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superego is the part of the personality responsible for moral judgment.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological theory is Skinner best known for?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with _______ needs at the base.

    <p>psychological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychologists with their contributions:

    <p>Freud = Psychoanalysis and unconscious mind Skinner = Operant conditioning Pavlov = Classical conditioning Maslow = Hierarchy of needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a key agent of socialization?

    <p>School (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnology focuses solely on the study of western cultures.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of dreams according to Freud?

    <p>Dreams represent the unconscious mind's thoughts and desires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anthropology

    • Anthropologists study humans and their cultures, behaviors, and societies.
    • They use various methods, including cultural, physical, biological, archaeological, and linguistic anthropology
    • Research methods are used to understand human experience.

    Psychology

    • Psychologists study the human mind, behavior, emotions, and social interactions.
    • They work in clinical, counseling, educational, and research settings.
    • Their work involves assessing and treating mental health disorders.

    Sociology

    • Sociologists study society, behavior, and interactions.
    • They use methods like surveys, interviews, and observations.
    • They aim to understand societal functions, norms, and factors influencing human behavior and society.

    Cognitive Process

    • Cognitive processes involve mental activities (perception, attention, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making).
    • These processes are essential for understanding the world and engaging in complex tasks.

    Raymond Dart

    • Known for discovering the first fossil of Australopithecus africanus in 1924.
    • This discovery was made in South Africa.

    Donald Johanson

    • An American paleoanthropologist.
    • Famous for discovering "Lucy" in 1974.
    • "Lucy" is one of the oldest and most complete hominid skeletons.
    • His work significantly advanced understanding of human ancestry and evolution.

    Physical Anthropology

    • Studies humans as a biological species.
    • Interested in biological diversity of modern humans, our evolution, variation, relationships, environment, and behavior.

    Archaeology

    • Studies the human past through material remains.
    • Aims to order and describe past events, and explain their meaning.

    Ethnography

    • In-depth description of a particular culture.
    • Often involves living with the culture being studied.
    • Learning the language and gaining a thorough understanding.

    Cultural Anthropology

    • Studies different cultures around the world.
    • Focuses on beliefs, practices, social structures.
    • Aims to understand cultural differences and similarites.
    • Documents with honesty and accuracy (no bias).

    Depression

    • A mental health condition causing hopelessness and sadness.
    • Can lead to changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels.

    Freud

    • Founder of psychoanalysis.
    • Developed theories about the unconscious mind, dreams, and childhood experiences shaping personality.
    • Created the ideas of Id, ego, and superego.

    Id

    • Impulsive part of personality driven by pleasure and repulsed by pain.

    Ego

    • Conscious part of personality, mediating between Id and superego, making decisions.

    Superego

    • Judgmental part of personality, focusing on morals and right/wrong.

    Agents of Socialization

    • People, groups, or institutions that influence personal beliefs, attitudes, and behavior.
    • Examples include families, schools, peers, and media.

    Skinner

    • Developed the theory of operant conditioning.
    • Explains how behaviors are influenced by rewards and punishments.

    Pavlov

    • Invented classical conditioning.
    • Demonstrated associating a natural stimulus (like a bell sound) with food, causing a learned response (salivation).

    Maslow

    • Created the hierarchy of needs theory.
    • Describes human motivation as progressing from basic needs (food, water) to higher level needs (self-actualization).

    Ethnology

    • Comparative and analytical study of cultures.
    • Examines cultural differences and similarities.
    • Uses data from ethnography to understand cultural patterns.

    Mental Illness

    • Variety of conditions affecting emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
    • Examples include anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

    Types of Love

    • Various types of love exist (game playing, possessive, romantic, pragmatic, altruistic).

    Sensation

    • Sensory signals activated and sent to the brain.

    Perceptions

    • Sensory signals selected, organized, and interpreted in the brain.

    Hominids

    • Distinguish hominids from other primates by: bipedalism, larger brains relative to body size, use of tools, complex social structures, and varied diets (including cooked foods)

    Erik Erikson

    • Developed the theory of psychosocial development.
    • Outlined eight stages of development from infancy to adulthood, focusing on developmental challenges in each stage.

    Natural Selection

    • A key process in species' evolution (Darwin).
    • Variation within populations, competition for resources.
    • Survival of the fittest, advantageous traits passed to offspring.

    Case Study

    • Detailed examination of individuals, groups, events, or communities.
    • Explores complex social phenomena.
    • May utilize qualitative or quantitative methods.

    Experiment

    • Manipulating variables to understand their effects.
    • Comparing experimental and control groups.
    • Aims to understand social behaviors and test hypotheses.

    Survey

    • Gathering data on thoughts, behaviors, experiences of individuals.
    • Conducted using questionnaires or interviews.
    • Helps understand social trends, attitudes, and patterns in large groups.

    Social Science Inquiry Model

    • Steps in conducting social science research:
    • Identify a problem.
    • Develop a hypothesis.
    • Gather data.
    • Analyze data.
    • Draw conclusions.

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    Anthropology, Psychology, & Sociology Exam Review PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of anthropology, psychology, and sociology in this enlightening quiz. Each field examines different aspects of human behavior, culture, and society. Test your knowledge on the research methods and cognitive processes that help us understand human experiences and interactions.

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