Week 3 STS: Science, Technology and Nation-Building PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-BUILDING LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1. explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2. present government policies on science and technology and explain their importan...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-BUILDING LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1. explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2. present government policies on science and technology and explain their importance to the nation; and 3. discuss the role of science and technology in nation- building.  PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD The development of science Even before the Spaniards came to and technology in the the Philippine islands, early Filipino Philippines has already come a long way. Many significant settlers were already using certain inventions and discoveries have been accomplished by plants and herbs as medicines. or attributed to Filipinos. farming and animal-raising were also implemented. developed different modes of transportation, whether terrestrial or maritime.  PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD The development of science A complicated engineering feat and technology in the Philippines has already come was achieved by the natives of a long way. Many significant the Cordilleras when they built inventions and discoveries have been accomplished by rice terraces by hand. or attributed to Filipinos. Through these terraces, the people were able to cultivate crops on the mountain sides in cold temperatures.  PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD They incorporated an irrigation The development of science and technology in the system that uses water from the Philippines has already come forests and mountain tops to a long way. Many significant inventions and discoveries achieve an elaborate farming have been accomplished by system. or attributed to Filipinos. The rice terraces of the Cordilleras, which are still functional, show the innovative and ingenious way of the natives to survive in an otherwise unfriendly environment.  COLONIAL PERIOD Colonization by the Spaniards provided the The principalía or noble Philippines with modern means of class was the ruling and construction. usually educated upper class in the pueblos of the Walls, roads, bridges, and other large Spanish Philippines. infrastructures were built using some of the engineering skills and tools brought by the Spaniards. In addition, the Spanish government developed health and education systems that were enjoyed by the principalia class.  COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized almost all aspects of life in the Philippines. They established a government agency, the Bureau of Science, for the sole purpose of nurturing development in the field of science and technology.  POST-COLONIAL PERIOD One of the presidents who ushered in advancements in science and technology was former president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Under his term, many agencies in science and technology were established and strengthened, including the: Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) in place of the abolished Weather Bureau; National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST); National Science and Technology Authority (originally established in 1958 as the National Science and Development Board;  POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology which came up with the first Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) was established on June 13, 1987 (R. A. 7356)  POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Fidel V. Ramos believes that science and technology was one of the means wherein the Philippines could attain the status of New Industrialized Country (NIC). established programs that were significant to the field of S&T: Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND, 1993)  POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Joseph Estrada’s Two major legislations were signed: Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A. 8749) which was designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable development of its natural resources, and; Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (R.A. 8792) which outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from the Internet-driven New Economy.  POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo numerous laws and projects that concerns both the environment and science to push technology as a tool to increase the country's economic level. help increase the productivity from Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) and help benefit the poor people. the term "Filipinovation" was the coined term used in helping the Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 1. Economic Growth and Development -Innovation and Industry: Advances in science and technology drive innovation, leading to new industries and the modernization of existing ones. This creates jobs, boosts productivity, and increases economic output. -Efficiency and Productivity: Technological advancements improve efficiency in agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Automation and modern techniques increase productivity and reduce costs. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 2. Infrastructure Development -Transportation: Technologies in construction and engineering lead to the development of better transportation infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and railways, which are essential for economic activity and connectivity. -Utilities: Innovations in energy, water management, and waste treatment improve the quality and reliability of essential services. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 3. Healthcare Improvement -Medical Research: Advances in medical science lead to better treatments, diagnostics, and preventive measures, improving public health and life expectancy. -Healthcare Technology: Technologies such as telemedicine and electronic health records enhance the delivery and management of healthcare services. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 4. Education and Knowledge -Access to Information: Technology provides access to educational resources and platforms, improving literacy rates and educational outcomes. -Research and Development: new discoveries and technologies that can drive further advancements in various fields. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 5. Governance and Public Services -E-Governance: Digital technologies streamline government operations, improve transparency, and make public services more accessible and efficient. -Data Management: Science and technology enhance the ability to collect, analyze, and use data for better decision-making and policy formulation. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 6. Environmental Sustainability -Renewable Energy: Technological advancements in renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power contribute to reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change. -Conservation: Science aids in understanding and preserving ecosystems, managing natural resources, and developing sustainable practices. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 7. National Security and Defense -Advanced Technologies: Innovations in cybersecurity, surveillance, and defense systems help protect national security and respond to threats effectively. -Disaster Management: Technologies in early warning systems and emergency response improve disaster preparedness and resilience. Role of Science and Technology in Nation-building 8. Social and Cultural Development -Communication: Technology enhances communication and connectivity, fostering social interactions and cultural exchange. -Entertainment and Media: The development of media and entertainment technologies enriches cultural life and provides platforms for creative expression. REFERENCES Ariola, M. M., (2019), Science, Technology and Society. Unlimited Books Library Services and Publishing, Inc. Contreras, A. P., et al., (2018). Science, Technology and Society: A Critical Approach. Mindshapers Co., Inc. Mc Namara, D. J., et al., (2018). Science, Technology and Society. C & E Publishing. Prieto, N. G., et al., (2019). Science, Technology and Society. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Quinto, E. M., (2019). Science, Technology and Society. C and E Publishing, Inc. Dawkins, R. (2021). Flights of Fancy: Defying Gravity by Design and Evolution. Trafalgar Square. Fisher, M. R. et al., (2018). Environmental Biology. Open Oregon Educational Resources. Pittinsky, T. L. (2019). Science, Technology, and Society: New Perspectives and Directions. Cambridge University Press. Hickel, J. (2022). Less is more: How degrowth Will Save the world. Penguin Random House Ireland. Climate change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ NASA. (2022). Home – climate change: Vital signs of the planet. NASA. https://climate.nasa.gov/ Wikimedia Foundation. (2022). Greta Thunberg. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Thunberg