Science and Technology and Nation Building AY2023-2024 Module 3 PDF

The need to develop a country's science and technology has generally been recognized as one of the imperatives of socioeconomic progress in the contemporary world. This has become a widespread concern of governments especially since the post-world war II years. Among Th...

The need to develop a country's science and technology has generally been recognized as one of the imperatives of socioeconomic progress in the contemporary world. This has become a widespread concern of governments especially since the post-world war II years. Among Third World countries, an important dimension of this concern is the problem of dependence in science and technology as this is closely tied up with the integrity of their political sovereignty and economic self-reliance.  Own culture and traditions, belief system and indigenous knowledge system were common Filipinos were knowledgeable about nature and environment (ex. Herbs) Interpretation of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates, and organizing days into months and years Filipinos had alphabet, number system, weighing scale, measuring systems and calendar.  Medicine – medicinal plants Technology – building houses, irrigations, tools for everyday life - Transportation - Planting, cooking, hunting, fishing - Weapons - Musical instruments  Metal age – gold, silver, jewelry, ceramics, metal tools Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan - Cultural and technological exchange Indigenous science or folk science Barter and trade occurred (ornaments, sea shells, pots, beeswax, cotton, pearls, tortoise shell, medicinal betel nuts, and coconut heart mats)  S&T is embedded in their way of life - Planting of crops - Taking care of animals - Food production  Brought their own culture, especially Catholicism Established schools for boys and girls (subjects and discipline) - Beginning of formal science and technology in the country (school of science and technology) - Concepts related to the human body, plants, animals, heavenly bodies Technology focuses on using and developing house tools used in everyday life  Adaptation of Western technology and life Galleon trade Centers of global trade in Southeast Asia Superstitious beliefs and catholic doctrines halted growth of science  Establishment of public education system Improved engineering works and health conditions of the people Modern research university – University of the Philippines Public hospitals Exploration and exploitation of mineral resources Transportations and communication.  “Americanize” the Philippines Develop human resources to serve their own interest – new knowledge and technology in the country.  Destabilized development of the country Institutions and public utilities were burned, bombarded Reparation funds focused on building institutions and public facilities Improving its science and technological capabilities Explored the use of ODA – Overseas Development Allocations  INTERNAL INFLUENCES Survival Culture Economic activities DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EXTERNAL TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCES IN THE Foreign colonizers PHILIPPINES Trade with foreign countries International economic demands Traditional Self – Medication ▪ Chinese oils or ointments ▪ Folk healing techniques (Ventosa) Local Healers ▪ herbs and roots - Faith healers - Folk healers - Mambunongs - Badeo Salt coupled with drying as preservatives ▪ Salted, smoked, and/or dried fish and meat products ▪ Bagoong and patis Fat as preservative ▪ Dinuguan, igado, and adobo Swidden Farming (uma) ▪ The oldest form of agroforestry practice in Ifugao ▪ Swidden farming practices: - Apuyan (burning) - Lotang (fencing) - Mungabut (weeding) Seed Preservation placing unthreshed seeds above wood-burning stoves hanging them in smoky areas of the kitchen Air-drying and mixing of charcoal and leaves of Premna odorata and Vitex negundo. Spraying with Biya orellana and Capsicum frutescens Charcoal Burning Charcoal is used as a domestic fuel for cooking and heating. - Ham-ak method (Cebu) - wood is piled on a slope above ground and then covered with grass, weeds, banana leaves and a layer of soil before fire is put to it. - Tinabonan approach - a charcoal pit is dug on a slope, filled with wood and covered with a metal sheet after lighting. Weaving ▪ one of the most precious living traditions that are kept until today Examples: ▪ Piña cloth (Antique) ▪ Abaca fiber ▪ Baskets (Cordillera) Jewelry Making ▪ Two major product categories of jewel industry: - Precious metal jewelry - Pearls, precious stones, and semi-precious stones Pottery ▪ designs are usually geometric with stylized nature motifs Examples: ▪ Palayok ▪ Banga and tapayan ▪ Kalan ▪ Burnay (Ilocos sur) Wood Carving ▪ Philippine sculpture is the most familiar art from among Filipinos ▪ Examples: ▪ Anitos ▪ Santos ▪ Statues of Christ and Blessed Mother Tattoo ▪ The practice was common among the major warrior groups in the Cordillera. ▪ Batok is an inscription of culture on the body that can focus on religion, politics, warfare and rituals. - Butbut Kalinga – whatok - Kalinga and Ifugao- batók - Bontoc - fatek - Ilocano, Ibaloy, Lepanto - Sagada - bátek - Kankanaey - bátak Ibaloi ▪ mummifying their dead, using salt and herbs and set under fire, mummy is placed inside a pinewood coffin and laid to rest in a man-made cave ▪ The Ibaloi used various coffin styles to entomb their dead (ellipsoidal, parallelepiped, carabao shape) ▪ Coffins were carved with geometric, anthropomorphic and/or zoomorphic patterns Sangadil What is your ambition as a Filipino citizen or an individual? and your ambition for the Philippines? ▪ the first medium-term plan anchored on a national long-term vision which represents the collective vision and aspirations of Filipinos for themselves and for the country ▪ “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay” - Spend time, with family and community. - Enjoy a comfortable lifestyle. - Feel secure about the future. - Live long and healthy. 1. Building prosperous, predominantly middle- class society where no one is poor; 2. Promoting a long and healthy life; 3. Becoming smarter and more innovative; and 4. Building a high-trust society. 1. Inclusive growth 2. High trust and resilient society 3. Globally competitive knowledge economy by 2022 1. Enhancing the social fabric (Malasakit) 2. Inequality-reducing transformation (Pagbabago) 3. Increasing growth potential (Patuloy na Pag-unlad) Enhancing the social fabric (Malasakit) ▪ Greater trust in public institutions ▪ People centered, clean and efficient ▪ Justice will be swift and fair ▪ Awareness about and respect for the diversity of our cultures Inequality – reducing transformation (Pagbabago) ▪ Greater economic opportunities ▪ Access to these opportunities will be made easier ▪ Attention to disadvantage subsectors and people groups Increasing growth potential (Patuloy na Pag-unlad) ▪ Adopt modern technology ▪ Innovation in research and development ▪ Population growth management ▪ Human capital development