Science, Technology, and Nation-Building PDF

Science, Technology , and Nation-building Section 4  Science, Technology , and Nation- Building Desired learning Outcomes 1. discuss how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2. enumerate critical points in the history of science a...

Science, Technology , and Nation-building Section 4  Science, Technology , and Nation- Building Desired learning Outcomes 1. discuss how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2. enumerate critical points in the history of science and technology in the Philippines and how these developments influenced society and the environment; and 3. identify the contributions of Filipino scientists in science and technology; 4. discuss the contributions of the different leaders of the nation related to science and technology. Science, Technology , and Nation- building  Science, Technology , and Nation- building ❑tangad - a comb-like set of thin rods that was put above the baby’s forehead, surrounded by bandages, and fastened at some point behind  Science, Technology , and Nation- building ❑ bahandi (heirloom wealth) noble upper class warriors common people ❑ Panika- ear ornaments slaves ❑ Kasikas- bracelets ❑ all were covered in gold ❑ Kamagi- serpent-like gold chain ornaments Science, Technology , and Nation- building Clothing in pre-colonial Philippines reflected one’s social standing ❑ bahag (G-string) for men ❑ malong (tube skirt) for women Science, Technology , and Nation- building Science, Technology , and Nation- building Celebrating a girl’s first menstruation ❑ in the pre-colonial era, this transition was seen as a crucial period in womanhood, so much so that all girls were required to go through an intricate rite of passage Science, Technology , and Nation-building The early Filipinos involved themselves in various endeavors where their creativity and the will to survive were their motivation to utilize available resources in their environment. ❑Ethno medicine using plants and herbs ❑Mode of Transportation: Kalesa, balangay, land bridges  Science, Technology , and Nation-building The early Filipinos involved themselves in various endeavors where their creativity and the will to survive were their motivation to utilize available resources in their environment. ❑systems of farming and animal- ❑Rice terraces raising were also implemented ❑Irrigation system Science, Technology , and Nation-building The early Filipinos involved themselves in various endeavors where their creativity and the will to survive were their motivation to utilize available resources in their environment. ❑trade ❑animal-raising ❑pottery  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Kumusta? ❑alphabet (alibata/baybayin) Ngiti ka lang Science, Technology , and Nation-building Colonial PERIOD Science, Technology , and Nation-building SPANISH ERA Science, Technology , and Nation-building Spanish Era ❑Colonization by the Spaniards provided the Philippines with modern means of construction. ❑Walls, roads, bridges, and other large infrastructures were built using some of the engineering skills and tools brought by the Spaniards. ❑ Binondo Church ❑Kalye Crisologo in Vigan Science, Technology , and Nation-building Spanish Era ❑contributed to growth of science and technology in the archipelago ❑ they introduced formal education ❑The Spanish Friars and founded scientific institution ❑Parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught ❑San Juan De Letran ❑Sanitation and more advanced ❑Ateneo De Manila methods of agriculture was taught ❑University of Sto. Tomas to the natives Science, Technology , and Nation-building ❑1580s -showed that astronomy was already known and practiced -local names of constellations: *Moroporo for the Pleiades *Balatik for Ursa Major ❑1687 -Isaac Newton included an explicit reference to the Philippines in his classic Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica by mentioning Leuconia, the ancient Ptolemaic name for the Philippines. Science, Technology , and Nation-building ❑contributors to science in the archipelago during the 19th century were: ✓botanists, Fr. Ignacio Mercado., Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera and Dr. Leon Ma Guerrero, ✓chemist Anaclento del Rosario, ❑the study of medicine in the ✓medicine scholars Dr. Manuel Philippines was given priority Guerrero, Dr, Jose Montes and ❑Biology is given focus Dr. Elrodario Mercado Science, Technology , and Nation-building ❑The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial economy. Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities due to the prospects of big profits. ❑Agriculture and industrial development on the other hand were relatively neglected. ❑the opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to the Spanish colony ❑ some Filipinos were able to study in Europe -probably influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals brought by the Age of Enlightenment. Science, Technology , and Nation-building AMERICAN ERA  Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑the progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued ❑government encouragement and support for an exclusive public education system ❑ granting of scholarships for higher education in science and engineering ❑ organization of science and research agencies ❑ establishment of science-based public services  Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑the progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued ❑21 January 1901 - the Philippine Commission promulgated Act No. 74 creating a Department of Public Instruction in the Philippines - it provided for the establishment of schools that would give free primary education - English (medium of instruction)  Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑the progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued ❑Philippine Normal School ❑1902 -secondary schools were opened ❑1905 -Philippine Medical School was established and was followed by other professional and technical schools ❑ these were later absorbed into the University of the Philippines Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑the progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued ❑University of the Philippines -created on 18 June 1908 by Act of the Philippine Legislature ❑First colleges : -College of Agriculture in Los Baños, Laguna in 1909 -Colleges of Liberal Arts, Engineering and Veterinary Medicine in 1910 -College of Law in 1911 -School of Pharmacy and a Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Public Health - 1916, School of Forestry and Conservatory of Music -1918, College of Education  Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑the progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued ❑July 1, 1901 -the Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories which was placed under the Department of Interior -the Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal, which was established under the BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT Spanish colonial era LABORATORIES ❑ the Bureau dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑October 26, 1905 -the Bureau of Government Laboratories was replaced by the Bureau of Science ❑December 8, 1933 BUREAU OF SCIENCE -the National Research Council of the Philippines was established -the Bureau of Science became the primary research center of the Philippines until World War II  Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology SCIENCE ❑free trade policy with the United States ❑nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade Science, Technology , and Nation-building American Era ❑1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science ❑US Economic Survey to the Philippines in 1950 -there is a lack of basic information which were INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE necessities to the country's industries, lack of support of experimental work and minimal budget for scientific research and low salaries of scientists employed by the government. Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-Colonial  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial President Ferdinand Marcos ❑one of the presidents who ushered in advancements in science and technology ❑many agencies were established and strengthened to promote science and technology in the country 30 December 1965 – 25 February 1986 Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 ❑the "advancement of science and technology shall have priority in the national development" Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 2nd State of the Nation Address (January 23, 1967) ❑ he declared that science was necessary for the development programs, and thus, directed the Department of Education to revitalize the science courses in public high schools Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 2nd State of the Nation Address (January 23, 1967) The Department of Education, with the National Science Development Board (NSDB) ❑ to organize a project to provide selected high schools with science teaching equipment over a four-year period Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 3rd State of the Nation Address (January 22, 1968) ❑he recognized that technology was the leading factor in economic development, and channeled additional funds to support projects in applied sciences and science education Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 4th State of the Nation Address (January 27, 1969) ❑he gave a big part of the war damage fund to private universities to encourage them to create courses in science and technology and to research Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 4th State of the Nation Address (January 27, 1969) ❑he stated that he planned a project to have medical interns do a tour of duty in provincial hospitals to arouse their social conscious and reduce the "brain drain" Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 4th State of the Nation Address (January 27, 1969) ❑April 6, 1968 -he proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the Philippine Science Community ❑seminars for public and private high school and college science teachers ❑training programs and scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science scholars ❑workshops on fisheries and oceanography Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 5th State of the Nation Address (January 26, 1970) ❑he emphasized that the upgrading of science curricula and teaching equipment is crucial to the science development program ❑he added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB to modernize the coconut industry Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 5th State of the Nation Address (January 26, 1970) ❑the National Science Development Board (NSDB) also established the Philippine Textile Research Institute  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 5th State of the Nation Address (January 26, 1970) ❑the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission of the NSDB explored the uses of atomic Bataan Nuclear Power Plant ❑ It is located on a 3.57 square km energy for economic development government reservation at Napot Point in Morong, Bataan ❑Marcos assisted 107 institutions in undertaking nuclear energy work by sending scientists to study nuclear science and technology abroad, and providing basic training to 482 scientists, doctors, engineers, and technicians Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 7th State of the Nation Address (January 24, 1972) ❑he spoke about his major development projects in reforming sectors of education ❑such projects included research and development schools, technical institutes, science education centers, and agricultural colleges and vocational high schools Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 7th State of the Nation Address (January 24, 1972) ❑I972 -he created the National Grains Authority (Presidential Decree No. 4, s. 1972) ❑ to provide for the development of the rice and corn industry to fully harness it for the economy of the country Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 7th State of the Nation Address (January 24, 1972) ❑ established the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research to support the progressive development of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries for the nation ❑Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972 - provided further support for the promotion of scientific research and invention - contains details on the protection of intellectual property for the creator or publisher of the work  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑ to provide flood and typhoon warnings ❑ public weather forecasts and ❑under the Department of advisories National Defense ❑ meteorological, astronomical, climatological Presidential Decree No. 78, s. 1972 ❑ specialized information and ❑to provide environmental protection services primarily on the and to utilize scientific knowledge to protection and in support of ensure the safety of the people economy, productivity and sustainable development Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑1973-Presidential Decree No. 334, s. 1973 ❑ he created the Philippine National Oil Company to promote industrial and economic development through effective and efficient use of energy sources  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑1976 - he enacted a law under Presidential Decree No. 1003-A, s. 1976 to establish the National Academy of Science and Technology ❑ an academy of recognized - composed of scientists with "innovative experts serves as principal achievement in the basic and applied adviser to the nation on sciences," to serve as a reservoir of science, technology, and scientific and technological expertise for innovation contributing to the country national development Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑1978-Executive Order No. 512, s. 1978 - he created a Task Force on the formulation of a national action program on science and technology to assess policies and programs of science and technology Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era 14th State of the Nation Address on July 23, 1979 ❑he said that the government invested funds and time in organizations for scientific research, such as the NSDB, the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research and Resources, the Plant Breeding Institute, the International Rice Research Institute, the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the Bureau of Forest Products Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑1979-(Executive Order No. 519, s. 1979) - he constituted the Health Sciences Center created by R.A. No. 5163 as an autonomous member within the University of the Philippines System to improve the internal organization and unity of leadership within its units  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial ❑ 1980 (Executive Order No. 625, s. 1980) Marcos Era - created the National Committee on Geological Sciences NCGS Objectives Established to promote the geological sciences, in general, the NCGS has the following objectives: 1.To provide a vehicle for a systematic planning and deliberation of national programs in the geological sciences; 2.To act as an advisory body to government policy makers concerning developments in geological sciences; and 3.To fulfill the role of geological sciences as an endeavor concerned with human welfare and environment.  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑ 1982-(Executive Order No. 784, s. 1982) -he reorganized the National Science Development Board and its agencies into a National Science and Technology Authority to provide central direction and coordination of scientific and technological research and development ❑Executive Order No. 840, s. 1982) -he enacted a law on the completion of the National Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Complex at the University of the Philippines at Los Baños  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑Executive Order No. 810, s. 1982) -he granted salary increases to the people with teaching positions in the Philippine Science High School due to their necessity in the advancement of national science ❑ 1986-Executive Order No. 1090, s. 1986 -he established the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School to encourage careers in science and technology and to be more accessible to the talented students in the Mindanao and Visayas areas Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑ Presidential Decree No. 78 (December 8, 1972) -reorganized the Weather Bureau into the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and transferred it from the Department of Commerce and Industry to the Department of National Defense Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑ Executive Order No. 30 s. 1966 -the Cultural Center of the Philippines (Filipino: Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas, or CCP) is a government owned and controlled corporation established to preserve, develop, and promote arts and culture in the Philippines  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑completed in 1973, the San Juanico Bridge is the country's longest bridge ❑ it spans from Samar to Imelda's home province, Leyte  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑The Lung Center of the Philippines was established through Presidential Decree No. 1823 on January 16, 1981 ❑ to provide the Filipino people state-of- the-art specialized care for lung and other chest diseases  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑the Balik Scientist program under the DOST was first established in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 819  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑originally known as Philippine Heart Center of Asia ❑ this hospital in Quezon City was built under Presidential Decree No. 673 by Marcos ❑ since it was inaugurated in 1975, it has been the site of thousands of surgeries, including what was claimed to be the first successful renal transplant in the country  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑formerly the "National Kidney Foundation of the Philippines," the hospital was erected in 1981 and claimed to have hosted many firsts in the Philippines ❑the first double kidney and pancreas transplant in Asia in 1988; ❑ the first kidney and liver transplant in Asia in 1990; ❑ the first bone marrow transplant in the Philippines in 1990  Science, Technology , and Nation-building Post-colonial Marcos Era ❑ The Mariano Marcos State University is a multidisciplinary, state-funded institution of higher learning that serves the Ilocos Region and its surrounding regions in the Philippines. Established on January 6, 1976 by virtue of PD 1279  Summary The development of science and technology in the Philippines has already come a long way. Many significant inventions and discoveries have been accomplished by or attributed to Filipinos.Innovations will come as long as people wanted to make their life easier.