WEEK-3_Prokaryotic-and-Eukaryotic-Cells (1).pdf

General Biology 1 Ma’am Liah Subject Teacher Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells Ma’am Liah Subject Teacher  Learning Objectives After the lesson, you are expected to: a. identify the features and structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; b. differentiat...

General Biology 1 Ma’am Liah Subject Teacher Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells Ma’am Liah Subject Teacher  Learning Objectives After the lesson, you are expected to: a. identify the features and structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; b. differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features using a Venn diagram; and c. discuss in group the different types of cells based on tissue formation and their functions through a quiz bee game Two Distinct Types of Cells How do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ in terms of their structure and functions?  All organisms (living things) are made of cells. Most of the organisms you are familiar with are multicellular-made up of many cells.  However, some organisms can be unicellular-made up of only one cell. Its entire body is just one super tiny cell! Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic share these components  Prokaryotic Cell Simple, single- celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane- bound organelle.  Prokaryotic Cell Genetic material (DNA) is found in the central part of the cell. A darkened region called the nucleoid.  Prokaryotic Cell Some prokaryotes have: 1. Flagella 2. Pili and fimbriae  Prokaryotic Cell 1. Flagellum- are used for locomotion of the cell. 2. Pili and fimbriae- used to exchange genetic material during conjugation.  Prokaryotic Cell Many prokaryotes have: 1. Cell wall 2. Capsule Prokaryotic Cell 1. Cell wall- acts as an extra layer of protection, maintains the shape of the cell, and prevents dehydration. Prokaryotic Cell 2. Capsule- enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment.  Examples of Prokaryotic Cell B A C T E R I A  Examples of Prokaryotic Cell P R O T O Z O A Eukaryotic Cell Unicellular or Multicellular It has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Larger and more complex.  Examples of Eukaryotic Cell F U N G I  Examples of Eukaryotic Cell P R O T I S T  Examples of Eukaryotic Cell P L A N T S  Prokaryotes are much smaller than Eukaryotes Prokaryote (Bacteria) Eukaryote (Animal Cell) Prokaryote Eukaryote ✓ Lacks nucleus ✓ Has nucleus ✓ Organelles lack ✓ Organelles have membrane membranes ✓ DNA is in the nucleus ✓ DNA is free floating ✓ Unicellular or multicellular ✓ Always unicellular ✓ Plants, Animals, Fungi, ✓ Always bacteria Protist ✓ Smaller ✓ Larger ✓ Reproduction is asexual ✓ Reproduction can be (exact copies/clones) asexual (clones) or sexual (variations) Different types of cells in the human body based on tissue formation  Different types of cells in the human body based on tissue formation 1. Bone cells (osteocytes) 5. Muscle cells 2. Cartilage cells 6. Secretory cells (chondrocytes) 7. Adipose cells 3. Nerve cells 8. Blood cells 4. Epithelial cells 1. Bone cells The toughest body cell as they are bound together by calcium and phosphate. They give strength, support and framework to the body by enclosing organs in skeletal system. 2. Cartilage cells Similar to bone cells but the surrounding material is just loose and flexible. They are freely bendable. 3. Nerve cells Very long; many branching at either ends. They are present all over the body and plenty in brain as well as the spinal cord. 4. Epithelial cells They form covering layers of all the organs and hence are pre-set in skin, scalp, respiratory tract, and in the buccal cavity surface. 5. Muscle cells Mostly long, large, and have ability to contract and relax providing movements. 5. Muscle cells Attached to long bones and assist in their movement. 5. Muscle cells Present only in heart muscle and are responsible for heart beats. 5. Muscle cells Flexible yet can contract and relax. They are present in stomach, intestine, blood vessel walls. 6. Secretory cells They form glands and secrete something important. E.g. salivary gland, sebaceous gland, and pancreatic cells. 7. Adipose cells These are fat cells and are storage by nature to store fat. They reduce friction to the body. 8. Blood cells Includes RBC’s, WBC, and thrombocytes etc. Motile and never stay in one place. They have limited life span. Different types of cells in the human body based on their function Different types of cells in the human body based on their function 1. CONDUCTIVE CELLS 2. CONNECTIVE CELLS 3. GLANDULAR CELLS 4. STORAGE CELLS 5. SUPPORTIVE CELLS 1. Conductive cells Nerve cells and muscle cells come under this category. They have internal ability to conduct an electric impulse from one regions to other distant region in the body. 2. Connective cells They help connect other cells and tissues. Example: Bone cells 3. Glandular cells “secretory cells” They form glands like pancreas, salivary glands and help in production of enzymes, hormones. 4. Storage cells “adipose cells” An example of this is the liver cells which store materials like fat for later use. 5. Supportive cells Act as support to adjacent cells. Example: Glial cells in the brain and spinal cord help provide nourishment to the nerve cells and protect them from shocks and trauma. Special types of cells with important functions in the body  Special types of cells with important functions in the body Sperm Cells  Special types of cells with important functions in the body Oocytes  Special types of cells with important functions in the body Stem Cells  Special types of cells with important functions in the body Rods and Cones  Special types of cells with important functions in the body Ciliated Cells  Special types of cells with important functions in the body Blood Cells  SEATWORK: Venn Time! Directions: Complete the Venn Diagram below to compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features. Refer to the given word bank below. Do this in your notebook.  SEATWORK: Venn Time! Additional note: Take a scan photo of your output using a Cam Scanner app. Rename your file as SURNAME_FIRSTNAME_SECTION and upload it in your designated google drive folder. Google drive will be closed at exactly 12:30 PM today. Filename sample: CARIGA_ASLIAH_11STEM4 Use this app: Take note: Failure to follow the instructions will result to unrecorded output as well as the points. Word Bank! See you next meeting! Ma’am Liah Subject Teacher