Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells PDF

Module 3: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: 1. describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; and, 2. compare and contrast the features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.  Table of contents 01 02 The...

Module 3: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: 1. describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; and, 2. compare and contrast the features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.  Table of contents 01 02 The Two Distinguishing Types of Features of Cell Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 01 The Two Types of Cell  Whoa! This can be the part of the presentation where you introduce yourself, write your email… Prokaryotic Cell Cells that do not contain a nucleus. Have their DNA located in a region called nucleoid. Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic organisms are metabolically diverse because they can utilize different nutrients and energy sources and they can inhabit all types of environment on Earth. Prokaryotic Cell All bacteria that include the organisms of domains Archaea and Bacteria are considered as prokaryotes. Eukaryotic Cell Contain a true nucleus, bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope. Bigger than prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic Cell Domain Eukarya, which includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals, is eukaryotic/eukaryotes. 02 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Nucleus A distinct feature found in both animal and plant cells. Found at the center and serve as the control center of the cell. Responsible for cell division and where DNA is located.  Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Cell wall Helps the organism maintain its shape Cell membrane Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Cell wall Cell wall of eukaryotes of prokaryotes present in most eukaryotic present in almost all cells (these are not found in prokaryotic cells animals and most protists) Cell wall is either made up of Cell wall is made up of cellulose as in plants and peptidoglycan. chitin in fungi.  Endomembrane and Other Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Smooth ER Rough ER Highway of the cell Has smooth surface Has rough surface Connected to the No ribosomes Studded with nuclear membrane of the nucleus attached to it. ribosomes Worked together with Makes lipid (fats) Makes proteins the ribosomes Awesome words  Endomembrane and Other Organelles Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Also called as Golgi Garbage disposal of the Large central vacuole body and Golgi Complex cell found in plant cells Contain digestive Smaller vacuoles in animal Stores, modifies, and enzymes that break down cells packages proteins and wastes send it by vesicles. Storage container for Performs apoptosis water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments Endomembrane and Other Organelles Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Sites of cellular respiration Found in all eukaryotes  Ribosomes Carry out protein synthesis Free Bound Made of ribosomal RNA and protein Ribosomes Ribosomes Produce proteins needed Proteins integrated in the Found attached to in the cytosol membrane and for export outside the cell and Rough ER or floating bound in Rough ER free in cytosol Produced in a part of the nucleus called nucleolus.  Ribosome Ribosome of eukaryotes of prokaryotes Ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm, outer nuclear All ribosomes are found in the membrane, rough endoplasmic cytoplasm. reticulum, mitochondrion, and chloroplast.  Ribosome Ribosome of eukaryotes of prokaryotes Eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes Prokaryotes have 70S (mitochondria, and chloroplast ribosomes. contain 70S ribosomes) A picture is worth a thousand words Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Chromosome number Chromosome number in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size more than one linear one covalent, closed, Mode of reproduction DNA with histone circular DNA DNA replication Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Chromosome Chromosome number Number of number in eukaryotes chromosome in prokaryotes Cell size Eukaryotes have more than one chromosome Most prokaryotes Mode of so histones are essential have only one reproduction in packaging DNA into chromosome and an nucleosomes and extrachromosomal DNA replication helping it to condense DNA called a plasmid. Transcription and into chromatin. Translation Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of Mode of Mode of chromosome reproduction reproduction Cell size in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Most prokaryotic cells Mode of In eukaryotic cells, reproduction reproduce through individual cells binary fission and reproduce through DNA replication some reproduce mitosis and meiosis. through spores. Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of DNA replication DNA replication chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size Eukaryotic cells have multiple points of DNA replication occurs Mode of origin and use in two opposing reproduction unidirectional directions at the same replication within the time in the cytoplasm. DNA replication nucleus. Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of DNA replication DNA replication chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size Telomerase is Prokaryotic cells do involved in the not have telomeres so Mode of replication of telomerase is not reproduction telomeres of the present and involved DNA replication eukaryotic in their DNA chromosome. replication. Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of chromosome DNA replication DNA replication in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size Eukaryotes only Mode of replicate their DNA Prokaryotes reproduction during the S-phase of continuously replicate interphase in cell their short DNA. DNA replication division. Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Number of Transcription and Transcription and chromosome translation translation in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size The transcription Mode of Transcription and occurs in the nucleus reproduction translation can be and the translation done at the same time DNA replication occurs in the in the cytoplasm. cytoplasm. Transcription and Translation Shape of DNA Transcription and Transcription and Number of translation translation chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size No post-transcriptional Post-transcriptional processing because Mode of processing is done in reproduction the DNA of eukaryotes to remove prokaryotes does not introns and come up DNA replication have a non-coding part with the final RNA. called introns. Transcription and Translation  REFERENCES Blake, Leesa, and Donald I. Galbraith. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 11. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2002. Campbell, Neil A. Biology (8th Edition), 2009. Campbell, Neil A., Michael L. Cain, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, and Steven Alexander Wasserman. Biology: a Global Approach. Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2018. Mader, Sylvia S. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Madigan, Michael T., Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew. Sattley, and David A. Stahl. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited, 2017. Study.com. Study.com. Accessed February 4, 2020. https://study.com/academy/lesson/eukaryotic-and- prokaryotic-cells-similarities-and-differences.html.  Thanks! Do you have any questions? [email protected] Karen Crystel Limpo Apostol CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Please keep this slide for attribution