Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is used by prokaryotic cells for locomotion?
What type of cell can be both unicellular and multicellular?
Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
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What is the role of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Which type of cell provides strength and support to the body?
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Which of the following cells is known for being bendable and providing flexibility?
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What is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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Which type of cell forms covering layers of organs?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Identify features and structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Use a Venn diagram to differentiate these cell types based on their features.
- Engage in group discussions about cell types and functions through a quiz bee game.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Simple, unicellular organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
- Genetic material (DNA) is concentrated in the nucleoid region.
- Examples include bacteria and protozoa.
- May possess flagella for locomotion and pili/fimbriae for genetic exchange during conjugation.
- Often have a cell wall for protection, structural integrity, and prevention of dehydration.
- A capsule may be present for surface attachment.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Can be unicellular or multicellular, containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
- Examples include fungi, protists, and plant cells.
- DNA housed within the nucleus, marking a significant difference from prokaryotes.
Key Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotes lack a nucleus; eukaryotes have one.
- Prokaryotic organelles lack membranes; eukaryotic organelles are membrane-bound.
- Prokaryotic DNA is free-floating; eukaryotic DNA is contained within the nucleus.
- Prokaryotes are always unicellular; eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular.
- Prokaryotes primarily reproduce asexually; eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually and sexually with variations.
Types of Cells in the Human Body by Tissue Formation
- Bone cells (osteocytes) provide strength and support, forming the skeletal framework.
- Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) are flexible and provide elasticity.
- Nerve cells transmit signals and are prevalent in the brain and spinal cord.
- Epithelial cells cover organs and line cavities, protecting underlying tissues.
- Muscle cells are responsible for movement; they can be skeletal, cardiac, or smooth.
- Secretory cells form glands, producing substances like enzymes.
- Adipose cells store fat and reduce friction between body structures.
- Blood cells include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets, providing transport and immune functions.
Types of Cells in the Human Body by Function
- Conductive cells: Nerve and muscle cells able to transmit electrical impulses.
- Connective cells: Support other tissues; examples include bone cells.
- Glandular cells: Special secretory cells that produce hormones and enzymes.
- Storage cells: Adipose cells that store fat and important nutrients.
- Supportive cells: Glial cells that nurture and protect nerve cells.
Special Types of Cells
- Sperm cells are essential for reproduction.
- Oocytes (egg cells) are vital for fertility.
- Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into various cell types.
- Rods and cones are specialized cells in the retina for vision.
- Ciliated cells facilitate movement of substances across surface areas.
- Blood cells play critical roles in oxygen transport, immune response, and coagulation.
Classroom Activity
- Complete a Venn diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using a provided word bank.
- Submit scanned work by the specified deadline in a designated format.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the identification and differentiation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their features and structures. Students will also learn to categorize cells based on tissue formation and their functions through group discussions.
