Week 2 - Introduction to Nursing Research PDF

Where is the evidence? Elizabeth Burgess-Pinto, PhD, RN Acknowledgement: Dr. Mary Asirifi Learning Outcomes 1. Describe why research is important to nursing 2. Discuss goals for nursing research 3. Discuss sources of evidence for nursin...

Where is the evidence? Elizabeth Burgess-Pinto, PhD, RN Acknowledgement: Dr. Mary Asirifi Learning Outcomes 1. Describe why research is important to nursing 2. Discuss goals for nursing research 3. Discuss sources of evidence for nursing practice 4. Discuss the research process 5. Describe historical trends and future in nursing practice * The above objectives apply to the contents of the power-points for today’s topic * 3 Formal Curiosity Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose. --Zora Neale Hurston, writer  4 Definition – systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions and What is solve problems. research? sic In a – b c o v ol se lied an llec ves rpo app rch in al tin – t e yz g Pu or sea rp in , re re g, tin g What, Where, When, Why & How 🠶 Descriptive Research 🠶 Explanatory Research 🠶 Predictive Research Nursing Research What is clinical nursing What is outcomes research? research?  Nursing Research 7 ❑ “The systematic rigorous, logical investigation that aims to answer questions about nursing phenomena” (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Cameron, & Singh, 2017, p. 6). ❑ “The systematic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing” (Nieswiadomy, 2017, p. 54) ❑ The definition requires an understanding of what knowledge is relevant for nursing, and what knowledge is needed to improve nursing practice (Burns & Grove, 2007) ❑ “Nursing research is a formal, systematic and rigorous process of inquiry used to generate and test theories about the health-related experiences of human beings within their environments and about the actions and processes that nurses use in practice” (Fawcett & Garity, 2009, p. 5) ❑ “The systematic rigorous, logical investigation that aims to answer questions about nursing phenomena” (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Cameron, & Singh, 2017, p. 6). *Phenomena – “occurrences, circumstances, and facts that are perceptible by the senses” (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Cameron, & Singh, 2017, p. 6). *  Examples of Nursing Research 8 Questions 🠶 What is the quality of life of school-aged heart transplant recipients? 🠶 What are the key factors that they believe impact their quality of life? 🠶 What are the effects of music listening on acute confusion in the elderly after hip or knee surgery? 🠶 What is the potential benefit of providing follow-up information regarding mental health resources to patients who have undergone cardiac catheterization and have reported significant levels of depressive symptoms? 🠶 What is the lived experience of adolescent girls who have enrolled in a tobacco cessation program? 🠶 How has professional nursing practice evolved over time? 9 Goals for Nursing Research Nieswiadomy, 2017 🠶 Promote evidence informed nursing practice 🠶 Ensure credibility of the nursing profession 🠶 Provide accountability for nursing practice 🠶 Document the cost effectiveness of nursing care 10 Questions…. 🠶 Can you identify changes in nursing practice that were based on research? 🠶 Have you identified a need to change practice in an area where you have worked? 🠶 Would research be a part of the process to bring about change? 🠶 What barriers might you face and how might you overcome them? 🠶 How can we convince nurses of the value of research informed practice?  References 11 Creswell, J.W. & Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th Ed). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc. Davis, B. & Logan, J. (2008) Reading research: A user-friendly guide for nurses and other health professionals. Toronto; MosbyElsevier. Fawcett, J. & Garity, J. (2009). Evaluating research for evidence-based nursing practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Cameron, C., & Singh, M. (2017). Nursing research in Canada. Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization (4th ed.). Toronto: Elsevier Canada. Loiselle, C.G., Profetto-McGrath, J. (2011). Canadian essentials of nursing research (3rd ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott. Norwood, S. L. (2012). Research essentials: Foundations for evidence-based practice. Boston: Pearson. McKenna, H., Cutliffe, J., & McKenna, P. (1999). Evidence-based practice: demolishing some myths. Nursing Standard. 14(16), 39-42. Nieswiadomy, R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of nursing research (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Polit, D.F. & Beck, C.T. (2018). Essentials of nursing research. Appraising evidence for nursing practice. (9th ed..) Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Finding the Answers – Nurses & Research  Finding the answers … 13 🠶 Sources of evidence - where to get the information 🠶 Traditional nursing interventions 🠶 Authority person 🠶 Policy and procedure 🠶 Clinical Experience 🠶 Trial and error 🠶 Personal experience 🠶 Intuition 🠶 Assembled information 🠶 Quality improvement data 🠶 Disciplined research 🠶 Nursing research  14 Evidence based practice 🠶 The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients (Sackett et al, 1996).  What is Evidence-Informed Practice? 15 🠶 It is the integration of the best research evidence with your clinical experience/expertise and your patient’s values, preferences, concerns, and rights. 🠶 David Sackett et al. (2000) “Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 🠶 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbd--s2dFY0 16 Evidence-Informed Practice… Clinician (clinical experience, non-research evidence) Patient Evidence (Values, Clinical research concerns, preferences) 17 Why evidence is important 🠶 Improves patient health outcomes 🠶 Improves population health outcomes 🠶 Cost containment (controls expenses) 🠶 Focuses on quality improvement 🠶 Promotes accountability in Care 🠶 Responsiveness to care is promoted 18 What do I need to know? 🠶 Nurses must be able to critique research studies in terms of their relevance and the credibility of their findings 🠶 Ask researchable questions 🠶 Conduct nursing research 🠶 Conduct an efficient search of the literature 🠶 Determine a study’s quality and validity 🠶 Extract a study’s clinical message 🠶 Help evaluate plans of care 19 Roles of nurses in research There is a continuum of participation, from producer of research to intelligent consumer of research findings. Principal Investigator Research coordinator Research team member Identifier of researchable problems Data collector Evaluator of research findings User/consumer of research findings Patient/client advocate during studies Subject/participant in research studies Introduction to Nursing Research 3 History of NURSING RESEARCH  History of Nursing Research 21 🠶 Florence Nightingale pioneered research 🠶 Notes on Nursing (1859) 🠶 The first journal on research (Nursing Research) emerged, 1950’s 🠶 Clinical research becomes increasingly important, 1970s & 80’s 🠶 National Health Research Development Program (NHRDP) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 🠶 Canadian Health Services Research Foundation and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 🠶 1994 - Journal Qualitative Health Research – Janice Morse 🠶 1999 - Nursing Research fund ($25 million Federal endowment) for 10 years. 🠶 2008 – First nursing research centre focusing on nursing intervention research in Québec 🠶 Joanna Briggs Institute, Adelaide, Australia - https://jbi.global/ 🠶 2010 – Cochrane Nursing Care Field (CNCF) established within the Cochrane Collaboration (est. 2009 as CNCN – Cochrane Nursing Care Network – now Cochrane Nursing : https://nursing.cochrane.org/homepage  Nightingale… 22  Future directions for nursing research 23 🠶 Heightened focus on 🠶 Increased use of multiple evidence-informed confirmatory strategies and practice replication 🠶 Expanded local research in healthcare settings 🠶 Greater stress on integrative 🠶 Increased trans- reviews disciplinary collaboration 🠶 Expanded dissemination of 🠶 Greater focus on research findings outcomes research 🠶 Greater focus on diversity 🠶 Focus on older adult issues and health population disparities 🠶 The use of technology in healthcare 🠶 Increased incidence of chronic illness