L14 Philippine Revolution and Rizal's Death PDF

LESSON 14 Rizal had many visitors including the following: 1. Florencio Namaan - spy for the friars 2. Pio Valenzuela - emissary of Katipunan which Bonifacio is the “Supremo” Conversation between Valenzuela & Rizal: a. Rizal rejected a revolution without en...

LESSON 14 Rizal had many visitors including the following: 1. Florencio Namaan - spy for the friars 2. Pio Valenzuela - emissary of Katipunan which Bonifacio is the “Supremo” Conversation between Valenzuela & Rizal: a. Rizal rejected a revolution without enough arms; b. The members must make necessary precautions to prevent the discovery of the Katipunan; c. Advised Katipunan to convince Antonio Luna to direct the campaign; and d. They should recruit rich Filipinos. If they refused, they must make sure that the rich stays neutral. - Deportation of Rizal gave birth to the Katipunan. - Katipunan was organized when La Liga Filipina was aborted - formed on July 7, 1892 at Deodato Arellano’s house *Members: Andres Bonifacio, Jose Dizon, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa - 30 members which were from La Liga Filipina and most of them were intellectual bourgeoisie and elites -June 1896: 30,000 members Emilio Jacinto - The Brains of Katipunan - graduated from San Juan de Letran - Provided strategic plans for the revolution - In charge of “Kalayaan”, the Katipunan’s organ - wrote a long essay entitled “Ang Liwanag at Dilim” Kartilla - Katipunan’s moral code of conduct Ferdinand Blumentritt informed Rizal of the Cuban Revolution and the raging yellow fever epidemic Rizal immediately wrote Governor General Ramon Blanco on December 17, 1895 to signify his intention to volunteer as a military Doctor. July 1, 1896 - Blanco approved Rizal’s proposal July 31, 1896 - boarded the Steamer Ship “España” bound for Manila August 19, 1896 - discovery of Katipunan August 23, 1896 - the historic “Cry of Pugadlawin” took place September 3, 1896 - Rizal boarded “Isla de Panay” and sailed to Singapore. Some of his companions like Manuel Camus persuaded Rizal to stay in Singapore to avoid possible arrest in Spain, due to outbreak of the revolution September 27, 1896 - “Isla de Panay” resumed its voyage to the Mediterranean Sea passing through port via Colombo, Aden and Suez Canal September 30, 1896 - a telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be placed under arrest October 3, 1896 - “Isla de Panay” arrived in Barcelona DOCUMENTS that were used as evidence against Rizal: 1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce (October 16,1888) 2. A letter of Rizal to his family ( August 20,1890) 3. A letter from Marcelo H. Del Pilar to deodato Arellano ( January 07, 1889) 4. A poem kundiman 5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person ( September 18,1891) 6. Masonic Document ( February 09,1892) 7. A letter signed dimasalang ( May 24,1892) October 3, 1896 - “Isla de Panay” arrived in Barcelona DOCUMENTS that were used as evidence against Rizal: 8. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal ( September 17, 1893) 9. A letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Juan A. Tenluz 10. A poem entitled “Laong-Laan” which he made the Dapitan School Boys sing that they know how to fight for their rights. December 30,1896 - death of Rizal in Bagumbayan - He was the first historical celebrity in the Philippine 19th century to be executed - The prophecy of his death at the age of 30 was a miscalculation because he lived for five more years at the age of 35 “There is something inside the alcohol lamp” - the last letter of Rizal commonly known today as “Mi Ultimo Adios.” - the last poem ever written by Rizal is now being immortalized by most Filipinos and this is even translated in 22 languages (1:30 in the Morning) Aceptacion de la Muerte (Acceptance of Death) (5 am in the morning) - Josephine Bracken arrived together with Narcisa - Rizal requested that he and Josephine be finally married and Fr. Balaguer performed the marriage rites and gave the book, Imitacion de Cristo -he wrote 3 farewell letters, to his father, to his mother, and to Dr. Bluementritt (at around 6:30) - Rizal was taken from his cell. - He was gantly dressed in black and his arms were tied from elbow to elbow - He has a small black rosary under his right arm - Lt. Taviel de Andrade was on side of Rizal and Fr. March and Villaclara on the other side Paseo de Maria Cristina (now A Bonifacio Avenue) “We are on the road to Calvary, I can well realize now the passion of Christ; mine is so insignificant” Governor General Camilo de Polaviejia - stayed in Malacanang Palace and never felt any compassion for Rizal whose mother Dona Teodora - Even at the last hour, Rizal wanted to prove that he was not a traitor to Spain and the Philippines. AN AFTERMATH: Wenceslao E. Retana - wrote the story “The Biography of Rizal" Marcha de Cadiz - music played after Rizal was executed. Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt wrote to Wenceslao Retana in 1887 that he had in his possession 73 clippings of anecdotes and personal accounts on Jose Rizal. TITLES GIVEN TO RIZAL IN HISTORY: "Most Prominent Man Of His Own People But The Greatest Man The Malayan Has Produced" (Prof. Blumentritt) "The Greatest Filipino Patriot" (General William Cameron Forbes) "The First Among Filipinos" (Don Vicente Barrantes) According to Austin Coates (Rizal's British biographer), this poem is remarkable for it achieves four separate purposes: 1. It is a poem of farewell 2. It is an appeal to the Filipinos not to forget him 3. It is Rizal's last will and testament 4. It is Rizal's autobiography Andres Bonifacio - translated the poem in Tagalog. Mariano Ponce - first to use the title Mi Ultimo Pensamiento (My Last Thought). When it was published in La Independencia the title was changed to Mi Ultimo Adios which is popularly known today. The poem is translated in 22 languages across the globe. The original manuscript that Rizal gave to his sister disappeared and was believed to have been taken by Josephine Bracken when she returned to Hongkong in 1897. Frailocracy or government of the friars as termed by Marcelo H. del Pilar was the precise description of how the religious community during the Spanish period use its influence on the government to exact obedience mong the natives, in order to achieve their selfish ends. One of the major issues in the Philippines then, was secularizing the Philippine parishes. This issue like the others ended in tragedy when the proponents were accused of instigating a revold against the government. The death of the three priests GOMBURZA ushered in a new era in Philippine society. Rizal and other reformists used all possible tools, like speeches, novels, essays, and other literary pieces to educate the Filipinos and foreigners as well. All of these were designed to introduce changes in our society. The movement may not have been successful but it achieved one very important thing. It awakened the patriotic sentiments of most Filipinos. Rizals novels and other writings arose the consciousness of the Filipinos and raised their pride and self- respect. All of these finally resulted in the organization of the Katipunan. Jose Rizal’s ideas which might be termed as Rizalism became very influencial even after the Filipino revolution against Spain and the war against the United States. Source: Belgian Rizalist : Sir Lucien Spittael and His Rediscovery of the Foremost Philippine National Hero – written by Immanuel Franco Calairo (2015) 1. Jose Rizal had wanted to be simply buried with a stone or a cross to mark the grave. The hero did not ask for a tall memorial to honor his death. 2. Rizal was sentenced to die in the early morning of December 29, 1896. With knowledge of certain death, Rizal wrote from Fort Santiago an undated letter to his family. 3. Rizal once said: “Dear parents, brother, sisters: Give thanks to God who has kept me tranquil, before my death. Bury me in the earth, put a stone on top, and a cross. My name, the date of my birth, and that of my death. Nothing more. If later you wish to surround my grave with a fence, you can do it. No anniversary celebrations! I prefer Paang Bundok.” 4. “Paang Bundok” was the cemetery north of Manila, now known as the North Cemetery. Sources De Viana, Agusto (2019). Laon- Laan, A guide for study and understanding of the life and contributions of Jose Rizal to Philippine nationhood and society. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Zaide & Zaide (2011). Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. 2nd Ed. All nations Publishing Co., Inc. Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. J.A Lopez & A.E Paras.,(2010). Rizal Life Works and Writings of the Greatest Malayan 3rd Edition. HisGoPhil Publishing House, Inc.