Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 4 PDF

Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 4 Dr/ Omnia Sarhan Dr/Omnia Sarhan COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES  Definitions related to pharmacy  Pharmacy Profession (Scope of Pharmacy)  Pharmacy education  History of different pharmacy civilizations...

Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 4 Dr/ Omnia Sarhan Dr/Omnia Sarhan COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES  Definitions related to pharmacy  Pharmacy Profession (Scope of Pharmacy)  Pharmacy education  History of different pharmacy civilizations  Role of pharmacist in society  Drug and dosage forms  Different routes of administration  Pharmacy Careers  Clinical pharmacy  Different parts of prescriptions 2 Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Acidifier, Systemic: A drug that lowers internal body pH, useful in restoring normal body pH (pH 7.4 for blood) in patients with systemic alkalosis. Acidifier, Urinary: A drug that lowers the pH of the renal filtrate and urine. Alkalizer, Systemic: A drug that raises internal body pH useful in restoring normal pH (pH 7.4 for blood) in patients with systemic acidosis. (Sodium Bicarbonate). Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Adrenergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system; a (Epinephrine) sympathomimetic drug. Anti-adrenergic: A drug that prevents response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to adrenergic drugs. (Propranolol Hydrochloride). Cholinergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system; a parasympathomimetic drug. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Anticholinergic: A drug that prevents response to parasympathetic nerve impulse and to cholinergic drugs. (Atropine Sulfate). Adrenocortical Steroid, Salt-regulating: An adrenal cortex hormone or analog that regulates sodium/potassium electrolyte balance in the body; a mineralocorticoid. (Desoxy- corrticosterone Acetate). Mineralocorticoid: A salt-regulating adrenocortical steroid useful in regulating sodium/potassium electrolyte balance (Desoxycorticosterone Acetate). Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Androgen: A hormone that stimulates and maintains mal reproductive function and sex characteristics (Testosterone Propionate). Estrogen: A hormone that stimulates and maintains female reproductive organs and sex characteristics, and functions in both the proliferative and secretory phases of the uterine cycle (Ethinyl Estradiol). Progestin: A hormone that stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle. Anti-anemic: A drug that stimulates production of erthrocytes in normal number, size and hemoglobin content. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Anticoagulant, Systemic: A systemically acting drug that slows clotting of circulating blood. (Warfarin Sodium). Antihypertensive: A drug that lowers arterial blood pressure, especially the elevated diastolic pressure of hypertensive patient Antineoplastic: A drug that is selectively toxic to the rapidly multiplying cells of malignant tumors. Diuretic: A drug that promotes renal excretion of electrolytes and water, useful in treating generalized edema (Furosemide). Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Hematinic: A drug that promotes hemoglobin formation by supplying iron needed for incorporation (Ferrous Sulfate). Hemostatic, Systemic: A drug that inhibits systemic dissolution of clots (fibrinolysis), useful in treating hyperfibrinolysis. Antitussive : A drug that suppresses coughing (Codeine Phosphate). Expectorant: A drug that increases respiratory tract secretion, lowering its viscosity and promoting its removal. Mucolytic: A drug that hydrolyses mucoproteins, useful in reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucous (Acetulcysteine). Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Anticonvulsant: An antiepileptic drug or a drug that arrests convulsions by inducing general anesthesia. Antidepressant: A central acting drug that selectively induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depration. Anti-epileptic: An anticonvulsant drug that selectively suppresses epileptic seizures without inducing loss of consciousness. Antiparkinsonian: A drug that reduces the neurologic disturbance and symptoms present in the disease parkinsonism (shaking palsy) (Levodopa). Hypnotic: A central nervous system depressant that with suitable dosage, induces sleep. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Narcotic: A drug that induces its pharmacologic action by reacting with central nervous system receptors that respond to morphine, or a drug legally classified as a narcotic with regard to prescribing regulations. Relaxant, Skeletal Muscle. A drug that inhibits contracting of voluntary muscles, usually by interfering with innervations. Sedative: A central nervous system depressant which, in suitable dosage, induces mild relaxation and reduces emotional tension. Antidiabetic: A drug that replaces insulin or stimulates secretion of insulin, useful in treating diabetes mellitus. (Insulin Zink Suspension). Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Analgesic: A drug that selectively suppresses pain perception e.g. Aspirin. Anti-inflammatory: A drug that inhibit the physiologic response to cell damage (inflammation). Prednisolone. DI Indomethacin, Declofenac sod. Etc.. Antipyretic: A drug that lowers body temperature in the presence of fever. Antirheumatic: A drug that alleviates inflammatory symptoms of arthritis and related rheumatic diseases. Anesthetic, General: A drug that eliminates pain perception by inducing unconsciousness. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Anesthetic, Local: A drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves. Antacid: A drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid locally. (Aluminum Hydroxide Gel). Anthelmintic: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic nematodes and cestodes; causative agents of intestinal worm infestations. (Piperazine Citrate). Anti-amebic: A drug that kills or inhibits the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, causative agent of intestinal and extra intestinal amebasis. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Antidote, General Purpose: A drug that prevents or minimizes the effects of an ingested poison (or drug overdose) by adsorption of the toxic material while in the gastrointestinal tract. (Activated Charcoal).(Simethicone). Anti-emetic : A drug that prevents vomiting. Emetic: A drug that induces vomiting useful in removing unabsorbed accidentally ingested poisons (Ipecas). Antiflatulent: A drug that reduces gastrointestinal gas Antibacterial : A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria. Antifungal, Systemic: A systemically active drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi that cause systemic, gastrointestinal or topical infections (Griseoulvin). Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Antifungal, Topical: A topically active drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi that cause topical infections. Anti-infective, Topical (or Local): A drug that kills or inhibits a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and is suitable for sterilizing the skin or wounds. Antimalarial: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa that cause malaria. (Chloroquine Phosphate). Antiprotozoal: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa, such as Giardia lamblia. (Quinacrine Hydrochloride antiprotozoal for giardiasis). Antiviral, Prophylactic: A drug useful in preventing (rather than treating) viral infections. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Disinfectant: An agent that destroys microorganisms on contact and suitable for sterilizing inanimate objects (Formaldehyde Solution). Anti-eczematic: A topical drug that aids in control of chronic exudative skin lesions (Coal Tar). Astringent: A mild protein precipitant suitable for topical application to toughen and shrink tissues. Caustic: A topical drug that destroys tissues on contact, useful in removing abnormal skin lesions. Detergent: An emulsifying agent used as a cleanser, as for the skin. Dr/Omnia Sarhan Medical Terminology Emollient: A topical drug, especially an oil or fat, used to soften the skin (Cold Cream). Irritant, Local: A drug that reacts weakly and nonspecifically with biological tissue, used topically to induce a mild inflammatory response. Keratolytic: A topical drug that softens the superficial keratin- containing layer the skin and promotes its desquamation (Salicylic Acid). Scabicide: An insecticide suitable for topical use on human to eradicate the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies). Sun Screening Agent: A skin protectant that absorbs light energy at the wavelengths that cause sunburn (Aminobenzoic Acid) Thank You 17