Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 4

Course Goals and Objectives include:
- Definitions related to pharmacy
- Pharmacy Profession (Scope of Pharmacy)
- Pharmacy education
- History of different pharmacy civilizations
- Role of pharmacist in society
- Drug and dosage forms
- Different routes of administration
- Pharmacy Careers
- Clinical pharmacy
- Different parts of prescriptions

Medical Terminology

Acidifier, Systemic: A drug that lowers internal body pH, useful in restoring normal body pH (pH 7.4 for blood) in patients with systemic alkalosis.
Acidifier, Urinary: A drug that lowers the pH of the renal filtrate and urine.
Alkalizer, Systemic: A drug that raises internal body pH useful in restoring normal pH (pH 7.4 for blood) in patients with systemic acidosis. (Sodium Bicarbonate).
Adrenergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system; a (Epinephrine) sympathomimetic drug.
Anti-adrenergic: A drug that prevents response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to adrenergic drugs. (Propranolol Hydrochloride).
Cholinergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system; a parasympathomimetic drug.
Anticholinergic: A drug that prevents response to parasympathetic nerve impulse and to cholinergic drugs. (Atropine Sulfate).
Adrenocortical Steroid, Salt-regulating: An adrenal cortex hormone or analog that regulates sodium/potassium electrolyte balance in the body; a mineralocorticoid. (Desoxy-corrticosterone Acetate).
Mineralocorticoid: A salt-regulating adrenocortical steroid useful in regulating sodium/potassium electrolyte balance (Desoxycorticosterone Acetate).
Androgen: A hormone that stimulates and maintains mal reproductive function and sex characteristics (Testosterone Propionate).
Estrogen: A hormone that stimulates and maintains female reproductive organs and sex characteristics, and functions in both the proliferative and secretory phases of the uterine cycle (Ethinyl Estradiol).
Progestin: A hormone that stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.
Anti-anemic: A drug that stimulates production of erthrocytes in normal number, size and hemoglobin content.
Anticoagulant, Systemic: A systemically acting drug that slows clotting of circulating blood. (Warfarin Sodium).
Antihypertensive: A drug that lowers arterial blood pressure, especially the elevated diastolic pressure of hypertensive patient
Antineoplastic: A drug that is selectively toxic to the rapidly multiplying cells of malignant tumors.
Diuretic: A drug that promotes renal excretion of electrolytes and water, useful in treating generalized edema (Furosemide).
Hematinic: A drug that promotes hemoglobin formation by supplying iron needed for incorporation (Ferrous Sulfate).
Hemostatic, Systemic: A drug that inhibits systemic dissolution of clots (fibrinolysis), useful in treating hyperfibrinolysis.
Antitussive: A drug that suppresses coughing (Codeine Phosphate).
Expectorant: A drug that increases respiratory tract secretion, lowering its viscosity and promoting its removal.
Mucolytic: A drug that hydrolyses mucoproteins, useful in reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucous (Acetulcysteine).
Anticonvulsant: An antiepileptic drug or a drug that arrests convulsions by inducing general anesthesia.
Antidepressant: A central acting drug that selectively induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depration.
Anti-epileptic: An anticonvulsant drug that selectively suppresses epileptic seizures without inducing loss of consciousness.
Antiparkinsonian: A drug that reduces the neurologic disturbance and symptoms present in the disease parkinsonism (shaking palsy) (Levodopa).
Hypnotic: A central nervous system depressant that with suitable dosage, induces sleep.
Narcotic: A drug that induces its pharmacologic action by reacting with central nervous system receptors that respond to morphine, or a drug legally classified as a narcotic with regard to prescribing regulations.
Relaxant, Skeletal Muscle: A drug that inhibits contracting of voluntary muscles, usually by interfering with innervations.
Sedative: A central nervous system depressant which, in suitable dosage, induces mild relaxation and reduces emotional tension.
Antidiabetic: A drug that replaces insulin or stimulates secretion of insulin, useful in treating diabetes mellitus. (Insulin Zink Suspension).
Analgesic: A drug that selectively suppresses pain perception e.g. Aspirin.
Anti-inflammatory: A drug that inhibit the physiologic response to cell damage (inflammation). Prednisolone. DI Indomethacin, Declofenac sod. Etc..
Antipyretic: A drug that lowers body temperature in the presence of fever.
Antirheumatic: A drug that alleviates inflammatory symptoms of arthritis and related rheumatic diseases.
Anesthetic, General: A drug that eliminates pain perception by inducing unconsciousness.
Anesthetic, Local: A drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves.
Antacid: A drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid locally. (Aluminum Hydroxide Gel).
Anthelmintic: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic nematodes and cestodes; causative agents of intestinal worm infestations. (Piperazine Citrate).
Anti-amebic: A drug that kills or inhibits the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, causative agent of intestinal and extra intestinal amebasis.
Antidote, General Purpose: A drug that prevents or minimizes the effects of an ingested poison (or drug overdose) by adsorption of the toxic material while in the gastrointestinal tract. (Activated Charcoal).(Simethicone).
Anti-emetic: A drug that prevents vomiting.
Emetic: A drug that induces vomiting useful in removing unabsorbed accidentally ingested poisons (Ipecas).
Antiflatulent: A drug that reduces gastrointestinal gas.
Antibacterial: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria.
Antifungal, Systemic: A systemically active drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi that cause systemic, gastrointestinal or topical infections (Griseoulvin).
Antifungal, Topical: A topically active drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi that cause topical infections.
Anti-infective, Topical (or Local): A drug that kills or inhibits a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and is suitable for sterilizing the skin or wounds.
Antimalarial: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa that cause malaria. (Chloroquine Phosphate).
Antiprotozoal: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa, such as Giardia lamblia. (Quinacrine Hydrochloride antiprotozoal for giardiasis).
Antiviral, Prophylactic: A drug useful in preventing (rather than treating) viral infections.
Disinfectant: An agent that destroys microorganisms on contact and suitable for sterilizing inanimate objects (Formaldehyde Solution).
Anti-eczematic: A topical drug that aids in control of chronic exudative skin lesions (Coal Tar).
Astringent: A mild protein precipitant suitable for topical application to toughen and shrink tissues.
Caustic: A topical drug that destroys tissues on contact, useful in removing abnormal skin lesions.
Detergent: An emulsifying agent used as a cleanser, as for the skin.
Emollient: A topical drug, especially an oil or fat, used to soften the skin (Cold Cream).
Irritant, Local: A drug that reacts weakly and nonspecifically with biological tissue, used topically to induce a mild inflammatory response.
Keratolytic: A topical drug that softens the superficial keratin-containing layer the skin and promotes its desquamation (Salicylic Acid).
Scabicide: An insecticide suitable for topical use on human to eradicate the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies).
Sun Screening Agent: A skin protectant that absorbs light energy at the wavelengths that cause sunburn (Aminobenzoic Acid)