Medical Terminology Lecture 3 2023 PDF

1st Year Pharmacy Stage Lecture 3 @ 2023 By Dr. Murtadha Alshareifi  Terms Related to Drugs Key Terms DEFINITION Anaphylaxis  An extreme allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death Antagonist  A substance that interferes with or opposes the action of a...

1st Year Pharmacy Stage Lecture 3 @ 2023 By Dr. Murtadha Alshareifi  Terms Related to Drugs Key Terms DEFINITION Anaphylaxis  An extreme allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death Antagonist  A substance that interferes with or opposes the action of a drug Brand name  The trade or proprietary name of a drug, a registered trademark of the manufacturer Generic name  The nonproprietary name of a drug; that is, a name that is not privately owned or trademarked. usually, a simplified version of the chemical name Efficacy  The power to produce a specific result; effectiveness Phytomedicine  Another name for herbal medicine (root phyt/o meaning “plant”) 1 Potentiation  Increased potency created by two drugs acting together Prescription (Rx)  Written and signed order for a drug with directions for its administration Side effect  A result of drug therapy or other therapy that is unrelated to or an extension of its intended effect; usually applies to an undesirable effect of treatment Dependence Synergy  A condition that may result from chronic use of a drug, in which a person has a chronic need for a drug regardless of its adverse effects; dependence may be psychological or physical  Combined action of two or more drugs working together to produce an effect greater than any of the drugs could produce when acting alone; also called synergism Tolerance  A condition in which chronic use of a drug results in loss of effectiveness and the dose must be increased to produce the original response Withdrawal  A condition that results from abrupt cessation or reduction of a drug that has been used regularly  Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs Suffixes Meaning Example Definition of example  -lytic dissolving, reducing, anxiolytic agent that reduces anxiety  -mimetic mimicking, simulating sympathomimetic mimicking the effects of the sympathetic nervous system  -tropic acting on inotropic acting on the force of muscle contraction (in/o means “fiber”) Meaning Example Definition of example  Anti- against antidote substance that counteracts a poison  Contra against contraceptive preventing conception  Counter opposite, countercurrent flowing in an opposite direction Meaning Example Definition of example  Alg/o, algi/o, pain algesic painful  Chem/o chemical chemotherapy treatment with drugs  Hypn/o sleep hypnotic Drugs induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia Prefixes Roots Algesi/o 2  Narc/o stupor narcotic pain-relieving drug that induces stupor  Pharmac/o drug pharmacology study of drugs or medicines, and their actions, properties and characteristics  Pyr/o, pyret/o fever antipyretic Drugs counteracting fever  Tox/o, toxic/o poison, toxin toxic poisonous  Vas/o vasodilator Drugs relax the smooth muscle in blood vessels vessel  Routes of Drug Administration Key terms Definition BY ABSORPTION  Absorption  Inhalation  Instillation  Drug taken into the circulation through the digestive tract or by transfer across another membrane  Administration through the respiratory system, as by breathing in an aerosol or nebulizer spray  Liquid is dropped or poured slowly into a body cavity or on the surface of the body, such as into the ear or onto the conjunctiva of the eye  Oral  Given by mouth; per os (po)  Sublingual (SL)  Administered under the tongue  Topical  Applied to the surface of the skin  Transdermal  Absorbed through the skin, as from a patch placed on the surface of the skin BY INJECTION  Injection  Administered by a needle and syringe  Epidural  Injected into the space between the meninges (membranes around the spinal cord) and the spine  Intramuscular (IM)  Injected into a muscle  Spinal (Intrathecal)  Injected through the meninges into the spinal fluid  Subcutaneous (SC)  Injected beneath the skin; hypodermic 3  Drug Preparations Key Terms Definition LIQUID  Aerosol Solution dispersed as a mist to be inhaled  Aqueous solution Substance dissolved in water  Elixir (elix) A clear, pleasantly flavored and sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use  Emulsion A mixture in which one liquid is dispersed but not dissolved in another liquid  Lotion Solution prepared for topical use  Suspension (susp) Fine particles dispersed in a liquid, must be shaken before use  Tincture (tinct) substance dissolved in an alcoholic solution  Ampule a small sealed glass or plastic container used for sterile intravenous or Intramuscular solutions  Vial a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for holding liquid medicines for sterile intravenous or Intramuscular solutions SEMISOLID  Cream  Ointment (ung) A semisolid emulsion used topically Drug in a base that keeps it in contact with the skin SOLID  Capsule (cap) Material in a gelatin container that dissolves easily in the stomach  Tablet (tab) A solid dosage form containing a drug in a pure state or mixed with a nonactive ingredient and prepared by compression or molding, also called a pill  Suppository (supp) Substance mixed and molded with a base that melts easily when inserted into a body opening  Lozenge A pleasant-tasting medicated tablet or disk to be dissolved in the mouth, such as a cough drop 4  Abbreviations Abbr. Meaning Abbr. Meaning Drugs and Drug Formulations APAP Acetaminophen ASA Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) MED(s) Medicine(s), medication(s) NSAID(s) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s) FDA Food and Drug Administration Rx Prescription USP United States Pharmacopeia OTC Over-the-counter Dosages and Directions ā Before (Latin, ante) āā Of each (Greek, ana) ac Before meals (Latin, ante cibum) aq Water (Latin, aqua) d lib As desired (Latin, ad libitum) hs At bedtime (Latin, hora somni) bid, b.i.d. Twice a day (Latin, bis in die) po, PO By mouth (Latin, per os) p After, post pp Postprandial (after a meal) pc After meals (Latin, post cibum) prn As needed (Latin, pro re nata) qam Every morning (Latin, quaque ante meridiem) tid, t.i.d. Three times per day (Latin, ter in die) qh Every hour (Latin, quaque hora) IU International Unit qid, q.i.d. Four times a day (Latin, quater in die) x Times SR Sustained release – – ss Half (Latin, semis) LA Long-acting SA Sustained action Routes of Drug Administration ID Intradermal(ly) IV Intravenous(ly) IM Intramuscular(ly) SC, SQ, subcut Subcutaneous(ly) IU International unit SL Sublingual(ly)  Common Drugs and Their Actions: Not Included in Mid Term Exam Will Be Explained in lecture After Mid Term Exam 5