Non-Verbal Communication PDF

UNIT 3: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Towards the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Speak with the correct intonation. 2. Identify the different vocal characteristics: i. volume ii. pitch  iii. speed 3. Use appropriate body posture. 4. Use space appropriately. 5. Use the correct hand gest...

UNIT 3: NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Towards the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Speak with the correct intonation. 2. Identify the different vocal characteristics: i. volume ii. pitch  iii. speed 3. Use appropriate body posture. 4. Use space appropriately. 5. Use the correct hand gestures. 6. Use the appropriate facial expressions when speaking. What is non-verbal communication? 1. Communication without words. 2. A process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Difference between verbal & nonverbal communication 1. Verbal and non verbal are all types of communication. 2. But the difference between them is that we use our voice in verbal communication and we use body signs in non-verbal communication Why is nonverbal communication important? 1. People are using around 35% verbal communication and 65% nonverbal communication in daily life. 2. Nonverbal communication has also cultural meaning. “ The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said.” Peter F. Drucker  What is Intonation? 1. Intonation is a feature of pronunciation and  common to all languages. 2. Other features of pronunciation include stress, rhythm, connected speech and accent. 3. Intonation is about how we say something rather than what we say. 4. At its simplest, intonation could be described as 'the music of speech'. 5. A change or variation in this music (or pitch) can affect the meaning of what we say. 6. The way we use the pitch of our voice to express particular meanings and attitudes. Different functions of intonation in English Attitudinal the speaker's attitude: boredom, interest, surprise, anger, appreciation, happiness, and so on, are often evident in their intonation. For instance, a server at a restaurant asks ‘How’s the chocolate muffin, madam?’ and you reply ‘mMMmmmm’ with the intonation rising in the middle and falling towards the end. The server nods with a smile. Why? Because you have just expressed your appreciation for the item through the music of your voice – and without so much as a single (ordinarily meaningful) word. The feeling of boredom or indifference, on the other hand, might be expressed with a flat tone, (think of a robot). We often express gratitude and other emotions as much by our use of intonation as b the use of secific words. Grammatical Some intonation patterns in English, which, for the most part, correspond to the use of particular grammar structures, for example the use of wh-questions (questions beginning with 'who', 'what', 'why', 'where', 'when', 'which', and 'how'), which usually have a falling intonation. In a conversation with a new classmate, the following questions would sound most natural with falling intonation: 'What's your name?', 'Where are you from?', 'Why did you choose this school?', 'How long will you study here?'. Questions that require a 'yes' or 'no' answer, however, usually have upward intonation. In the same conversation with your classmate, your voice would rise at the end when asking the following questions: 'Have you studied here before?', 'Do you like the lecturer?', 'Will you attend class tomorrow?'. Rising & falling intonation in questions How do you say thank you in the following situations? 1. Someone helps you with a flat tyre at the roadside. 2. Someone pays your monthly bills. 3. Someone returns a library book under your name and it is overdue. 4. The postman sends your item ordered through Lazada. 5. Someone gave you an item you don’t really need. Can you think of other situations where you will say a common expression differently? Vocal Characteristics Volume Pitch Speed  Volume Adjust your voice to the size of your audience, to the room you’re presenting in. There is no need to shout, yet everybody must hear you clearly. Vary the volume. A quieter part can contrast with a louder part and create dramatically different effects. Pitch Pitch is an important component of accentuation, determined by the frequency with which the vocal cords vibrate. The frequency of vibration of the vocal cords is determined by their thickness, their length and their tension. One’s natural average pitch level depends on the size of the vocal cords. In general, men have thicker and longer vocal cords than women and children do. As a result, the modal pitch of man’s voice is generally lower than that of a woman or a child. Practice the following 1. Can you pass me that book? (said politely to a friend) 2. Where were you last night? (angry father to daughter) 3. Must it be printed? (polite question) 4. Who is the one in the corner? (excitedly, to a friend) Speed Slow speech is usually regarded as less than 110 wpm, or words per minute. Conversational speech generally falls between 120 wpm at the slow end, to 160 - 200 wpm in the fast range. People who read books for radio or podcasts are often asked to speak at 150-160 wpm.  Auctioneers or commentators who practice speed speech are usually in the 250 to 400 wpm range. Vocal Characteristics The following video shows a famous British actor, Benedict Cumberbatch’s different vocal characteristics. 1. Can you detect the speed, pitch & volume of this actor? 2. Which accent does he speak in? AmE or BrE? Listen to Benedict’s Accents Say the following expressions quickly, clearly & with the appropriate pitch.  Silly Sally swiftly shooed seven silly sheep. The seven silly sheep Silly Sally shooed Shilly-shallied south. These sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack; Sheep should sleep in a shed. Body Posture What is posture?  Posture is the position in which we hold our bodies while standing, sitting, or lying down. Good posture is the correct alignment of body parts supported by the right amount of muscle tension against gravity. Without posture and the muscles that control it, we would simply fall to the ground. Why is good posture important? Good posture helps us stand, walk, sit, and lie in positions that place the least strain on supporting muscles and ligaments during movement and weight-bearing activities. Helps us keep bones and joints in correct alignment so that our muscles are used correctly, decreasing the abnormal wearing of joint surfaces that  could result in degenerative arthritis and joint pain. Reduces the stress on the ligaments holding the spinal joints together, minimizing the likelihood of injury. Allows muscles to work more efficiently, allowing the body to use less energy and, therefore, preventing muscle fatigue. Helps prevent muscle strain, overuse disorders, and even back and muscular pain. To maintain proper posture, you need to have adequate muscle flexibility and strength, normal joint motion in the spine and other body regions, as well as efficient postural muscles that are balanced on both sides of the spine. In addition, you must recognize your postural habits at home and in the workplace and work to correct them, if necessary. Practice a good standing posture 1. Bear your weight primarily on the balls of your feet. 2. Keep your knees slightly bent. 3. Keep your feet about shoulder-width apart. 4. Let your arms hang naturally down the sides of the body. 5. Stand straight and tall with your shoulders pulled backward. 6. Tuck your stomach in. 7. Keep your head level-your earlobes should be in line with your shoulders. Do not push your head forward, backward, or to the side. 8. Shift your weight from your toes to your heels, or one foot to the other, if you have to stand for a long time. Space Proxemics is the study of how humans use space when we're communicating. How close we stand to someone, whether we touch them, and how comfortable we feel are all part of the study of proxemics. Definition of Proxemics Do you feel uncomfortable when someone stands too close to you? Do very bright colors in a room make you feel  distracted? These questions are important to the study of proxemics. Basically, proxemics is the study of space and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less comfortable, and how we arrange objects and ourselves in relation to space. The term was coined by the anthropologist Edward Hall. Hall was interested in understanding how humans use space in communication. Personal Territory There are four kinds of distance that people generally use in communication. This can vary by place, and different cultures have different standards. These are known as realms of personal territory. 1. Public space is the space that characterizes how close we sit or stand to someone, like a public figure or public speaker. If you are at an event listening to a professor give a lecture, you are probably about 12 - 25 feet away. 2. Social space means we're getting a little closer, about 4 - 12 feet away. This is the kind of space you're probably in if you're talking to a colleague or a  customer at work. 3. Personal space is even closer. In this case, you're probably about 1 - 4 feet away from someone. This is reserved for talking to friends or family. 4. Intimate space is for people who you are very close to. In this case, you're probably less than a foot away and you might even be touching the other person. This is the space you're in with a romantic partner, for example. How Does the Body Speak? - Like any spoken language, body language has words, sentences and punctuation. - Each gesture is like a single word and one word may have several different meanings. 29  HEAD - Nodding the head - “Yes” in most societies - “No” in some parts of Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Turkey - Tossing the head backward - “yes” in Thailand, the Philippines, India, Laos - Rocking head slowly, back and forth - “yes, I’m listening” in most Asian cultures 30 FACE 31  FACE * Facial expressions reflect emotion, feelings and attitudes, but….. * The Asians are sometimes known as - emotionless - mixed-up emotion 32  EYES * Eye contacts - Encouraged in America, Canada, Europe - Rude in most Asian countries and in Africa * Raising eyebrows - “Yes” in Thailand and some Asian countries - “Hello” in the Philippines * Winking eye - Sharing secret in America and Europe - flirtatious gesture in other countries 33  EYES (Cont.) * Closed eyes - bored or sleepy in America - “I’m listening and concentrating.” in Japan, Thailand, China 34  HANDS * Of all the body parts, the hands are probably used most for communicating non-verbally. * Hand waves are used for greetings, beckoning, or farewells. 35  HANDS * The Italian “good-bye” wave can be interpreted by Americans as the gesture of “come here.” * The American “good-bye” wave can be interpreted in many parts of Europe and Latin America as the signal for “no.” 36  HANDS (Cont.) * Beckoning. * The American way of getting attention (raising a hand with the index finger raised above head) could be considered rude in Japan, and also means “two” in Germany. * The American “come here” gesture could be seen as an insult in most Asian countries. * In China, to beckon a waiter to refill your tea, simply turn your empty cup upside down. 37  HANDS (Cont.) * Handshaking is a form of greeting in most Western cultures. * In the Middle East, a gentle grip is appropriate. * In most Asian cultures, a gentle grip and an avoidance of direct eye contact is appropriate. 38  HANDS * Hand-holding among the same sex is a custom of special friendship and respect in several Middle Eastern and Asian countries.  39 HANDS (Cont.) * Right hand. The right hand has special significance in many societies. In certain countries in the Middle East and in Asia, it is best to present business cards or gifts, or to pass dishes of food, to get an attention, using only the right hand or both.  40 HANDS (Cont.) * Hang loose. (thumb and little finger extended) * could convey different meanings: * in Hawaii, it’s a way of saying, “Stay cool,” or “Relax.” * in Japan, it means six. * In Mexico (do vertically), it means, “Would you  like a drink?” 41 HANDS (Cont.) * Clapping hands. * Russians and Chinese may use applause to greet someone. * In many central and eastern Europe, audience frequently clap in rhythm.  42 Which non-verbal communication is used in this speech?  Task 2 (Written) 1. In your group, find one speech video of about  2-5 minutes and identify the different non-verbal communication used. 2. As a healthcare professional how would you use this information about non-verbal language to help you with communicating with patients? Discussion Body language such as hand gestures, eye contact and facial expressions have been used in non-verbal communication for centuries in almost every culture. As a healthcare professional how would you use this information about non-verbal language to help you with communicating with patients?