Unit 3 Musculoskeletal System PDF
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This document provides an overview of the musculoskeletal system, including information about major bones, related terms, and diseases. It may be suitable as lecture notes or a study guide for a secondary school-level biology course.
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Unit 3 Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal Pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton. Includes all of the muscles, bones, joints and related structures. Orthopedics is the branch of medicine involved in prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculo...
Unit 3 Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal Pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton. Includes all of the muscles, bones, joints and related structures. Orthopedics is the branch of medicine involved in prevention and correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Major bones of the body Cranium………………Skull Costa…………………..Rib Sternum………………breastbone Spine……………….....backbone Vertebrae…………...Spinal bones Cervical Thoracic Lumbar ………Spinal bones Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle…………….collarbone Scapula…………….shoulder blade Humerus………….upper arm bone Radius Ulna...……….bones of the forearm Carpals………………wrist bone Metacarpals………bones of the hand Phalanges………….bones of the fingers Ilium Ischium ………..pelvic bones Pubis Femur…………..thigh bone Patella…………..knee cap Fubula Tibia …… bones of the lower leg Tarsals…………..ankle bones Calcaneus………heel bone Metatarsals……bones of the feet Phalanges………bones of the toes Additional word parts and their meaning Meaning Word parts Meaning Word parts cartilage chondr/o stiff Ankyl/o down, from, or de- articulation, joint Arthr/o reversing change or next in meta- weakness -asthenia the series malignant tumor of -sarcoma bursa Burs/o connective tissue. tendon ten/0,tend/o, tendin/o calcium Calc/i Little cell or Cellul/o compartment Cartilage is a specialized type of dense connective tissue. Chondral means pertaining to cartilage. Muscles is a composed of cells or fibers. Cardiac muscles (heart) Smooth muscles (visceral or involuntary) (internal organs) Skeletal muscles (Voluntary e.g. abductors and adductors) Fascia : fibrous membrane that covers, supports and separates muscles. Tendon : bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones. Articulation/joint: the place of union between two or more bones. Synovial joints : joints that have cavities between articulating bones. Synovium : a membrane that surrounds the cartilage covering synovial joints. Bursae: sacs of fluids located in the area of friction in joints due to movement. (fig 6-1) Extension: straightens a limb Flexion: bends a limb Rotation: is the movement of a bone around its axis. Circumduction: a circular movement of a Fibro+my+algia : non+ articular paint of the torso, extremities and face. Myo+fibro+sis : tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. Dislocation: displacement of a bone from joint. Fracrure (fx): breaking of a bone. Sprain : is an injury to a joint. Myo+ cele /fascial hernia: condition in which muscle protrudes through its facial covering Tendon+itis : inflammation of tendons herniated disk: ruptured disk between the vertebrae. Para+plegia : is the paralysis of the lower position of the body. Quadri+plegia /tetra+plegia : paralysis of both hands and legs. Paresis : motor weakness or partial paralysis. Para+paresis: partial paralysis of lower limbs. Quadri/tetra+paresis : Partial paralysis of all limbs. Cellulitis : an acute spreading inflammation of deep subcutaneous tissue. If the muscle is also involved, it is called myocellultis. Osteitis : inflammation of bone Osteochondritis : inflammation of bone and cartilage. Sarcomas: are cancers that arises from connective tissue. (malignant tumor) Chondro+sarcoma Fibro+sarcoma Leukemias: unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors. Myel/o =bone marrow -oma = tumor Multiples myeloma : presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow. Oste+it is deformans (deformity) /Paget diseases -malacia= abnormal softening Osteo+malacia : softening of bones Spondylo+malacia : softening of vertebrae -Porosis : thinning Osteo+porosis = Thinning of the bone Scoliosis : Curvature Kyphosis : hunchback Scoliosis : lateral curvature of spine Kyphosis : Exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back. Bifida : divided into two parts Spina Bifida: Congenital deformity of spine bones. Dys- =bad -trophy= nutrtion Muscular dystrophy Crani/o= skull -cele=herniation Cranio+cele = hernial prostrution of the brain through skull. tars/o= ankle -ptosis= prolapse tarso+ptosis= flattening out of the arch of the foot. Osteo =bone Arthr/o=joint Itis= inflammation Osteo+arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Spondyl/o = vertebra Poly=many Spondylarthritis polyarthritis ankyl/o= stiff Burs/o=bursa Ankylosis Bursitis inflammation of sacs of fluids located in the area of friction in joints due to movement. Hyper =excessive -Scopy= visual examination Endo-= inside -scope= instrument used for viewing -tomy=incision -pathy = disease Arthroscopy- Arthroscope Arthrotomy Arthropathy Centesis=surgical puncture Myel/o=bone marrow Suppress= to inhibit -plasty= surgical reconstruction or replacement Arthro+centesis Arthroplasty Myelosuppression Reference Quick & Easy Medical terminology. Peggy.C.Leonard (Seventh edition). Pages 139-143, 151-161 Thanks