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**ANTHROPOLOGY** - - - - "[Man is by nature a social animal]" - Aristotle - **BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY** 1. 2. 3. 4. **GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY** - - - - **SOCIOLOGY** - - - **ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY** - - **...

**ANTHROPOLOGY** - - - - "[Man is by nature a social animal]" - Aristotle - **BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY** 1. 2. 3. 4. **GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY** - - - - **SOCIOLOGY** - - - **ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY** - - **IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY** a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. **THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF SOCIOLOGY** PERSPECTIVES LEVEL OF ANALYSIS FOCUS -------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Structural Functionalism Macro or Mid How each part of the society functions together to contribute to the whole Conflict Theory Macro How inequalities contribute to social difference and perpetuate difference in power Symbolic Interactionism Micro One to one interactions and communications **POLITICAL SCIENCE** - - **PERSPECTIVES IN POLITICS** - - - - - **GOALS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE** - - - - **CULTURE** - **TWO TYPES OF CULTURE** 1. 2. **CULTURE VARIATION** the differences in social behaviors that cultures exhibit around the world. - **ELEMENTS OF CULTURE** 1. 2. 3. 4. **COMPONENTS OF CULTURE** 1. 2. 3. 4. - - - **ASPECTS OF CULTURE** 1\. Culture are dynamic, flexible, and adaptive - 2\. Culture are shared and contested - - 3\. Culture are learned or transmitted through socialization or enculturation - - - 4\. Culture is patterned social interaction 5\. Culture is integrated and at times unstable - 6\. Culture requires language and other forms of communication. **SOCIETY** group of individual sharing a common culture, geographical location and government **ELEMENTS OF CULTURE** a. b. c. d. e. f. **TYPES OF SOCIETY** 1. 2. 3. **SOCIAL DIFFERENCES** where people are discriminated based on [economic status, social characteristics] [and qualities]. These may include [race, ethnicity, gender, and professions]. In spite of these differences people continue to do their responsibilities as members of society. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **CULTURAL CHANGE** internal and external factors leading to change in the cultural pattern of societies. **FACTORS OF CULTURAL CHANGE** 1. - - 2. 3. - **POLITICAL CHANGE** a significant disruption in a government in a government that leads to new or modifies leadership or policies. **FACTORS IN POLITICAL CHANGE** 1. 2. **SOCIAL CHANGE** significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and cultural values and norms. This change is caused by modernization and globalization resulting in a cultural change among Filipino people. - **CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **ETHNOCENTRISM** is to look at the world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that is in fact the right way to look at the world. - - **Ways to avoid Ethnocentrism:** 1\. Avoid assumptions 2\. Learn about other cultures 3\. Avoid Judgements 4\. Be respectful **CULTURAL RELATIVISM** an individual\'s belief and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual\'s own culture. - - **SOCIALIZATION** refers to coaching novices to end up contributors of a current crew and to think, feel, and act in approaches the team considers appropriate. - - - - Socialization focuses on the following: - - - - - **ASPECTS OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - - 5. **THREE PARTS OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. 2. - - 3. - **CONTEXT OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. 2. - - - - **ENCULTURATION** occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on the next bearer which will perpetuate and ensure the continuance of their traditions and practices (Santarita and Madrid, 2016) - Enculturation and Socialization results to: 1. 2. 3. - - 4. **AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **CONFORMITY** the process of altering one's thought and actions to adapt and accepted behavior within his/her group or society **DEVIANCE** is the behavior that elicits a strong negative behavior reaction from group members and involves actions that violates expected rules and norms - **SOCIAL CONTROL** any systematic means and practices to maintain norms, rules, and laws. Furthermore, to control conflicts and deviant behavior **SANCTIONS** the most common means of social control and to address conflicts and violations of social norms. - - - - - - - **HUMAN SOCIETY** a large social grouping having the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. **KINSHIP** culturally defined relationships between individuals who are commonly thought as having family ties - - - Kinship connections are based on two categories of bonds: - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **TYPES OF BOND** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **AFFINITY** | **FICTIVE** | **CONSANGUINITY** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Husband Wife | Adoption of Children | Cousins | | | | | | Mother in Law | Godparenthood | Uncles/Aunties | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **PRIMARY GROUPS** typically a small group whose members are close, personal enduring relationships. - - **IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY GROUPS** 1. - 2. - **SECONDARY GROUPS** exchanges explicit commodities such as labor for wages, services for payments, etc. - - - - **IN-GROUPS** a person psychologically identifies as a member **OUT-GROUPS** which an individual does not belong to a specific group **REFERENCE GROUP** an individual or another group is compared - "Life is like a runway, so slay everyday" -Lemiel