UCSP Lesson 1: Nature, Goals, and Perspectives PDF

2 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY: discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and political science. WHAT DO YOU NOTICE FROM THE PICTURE?  Industrial Revolution A global phenomenon marked by the transition to new manufacturing processes in the...

2 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY: discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology, and political science. WHAT DO YOU NOTICE FROM THE PICTURE?  Industrial Revolution A global phenomenon marked by the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to 1840. This era consists of great technological advancements. Fundamental change for the transition from human and animal labor technology into the increasing use of steam power, machinery, iron production processes, improved efficiency of waterpower, and the development of machine tools. First Industrial Revolution The invention and improvement of the steam engine brought great contribution to the industrial revolution. The engine was made of iron and fueled primarily by coal. As the use of coal played a vital role in this period, many had transferred the rural industries into towns and craftsmen became the wage laborer. Second Industrial Revolution During this period, the invention of electricity played an important role in the development of the emerging phase of the internal combustion engine, and thus the automobile. The period was also marked with an increased use of steel and the harnessing of electric current. Third Industrial Revolution Began the invention of computers. Computers and other digital systems enabled new ways of processing and sharing information. This period also brought rise to electronics, and telecommunications. Through the new technologies, the third industrial revolution opened the doors to space expeditions, research, and biotechnology. Fourth Industrial Revolution The period where internet has been widely used and witnessed the transition from the first industrial revolution that rooted for technological phenomenon all the way to fourth revolution that develops virtual reality worlds and paved way for unlimited connectivity.  5 5  Sociology emerged with the two of the most significant The French social and political revolution in the Revolution of 1789 history. The French Revolution of 1789, along with the Industrial Revolution in Industrial Revolution England during the in England 18th century, tremendously changed people’s lives. 9  Anthropologists study the concept of culture and its relationship to human life in different times and places. They study other societies to gain a clearer perspective on our own. They study the past to help interpret the present. It encourages us to extend our perspectives beyond familiar social contexts to view things from the perspectives of others.  ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY 11 1. Observe the common things among people (traditions, language, and others) 2. Discover what make people different from each other. 3. Create new knowledge through researches about human kind and behavior.  Obtain possible theories and principles about society. Leads to examining our roles within the society. Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other. Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts. Makes us realize our prejudices on various social issues. Expose our minds to the different perspectives.  A. Social Organization B. Social Psychology Refers to a group of interacting It is the study of how people people with the same goals thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and behaviors are influenced by the social environment C. Applied Sociology D. Human Ecology information about society to solve study of interactions between human social issues beings and nature in different cultures 1. Study the nature of humanity to further examine our roles in the society. 2. Appreciate society Early Thinkers AUGUSTE COMTE The person who “invented” sociology in 1842, by bringing together the Greek word socius or “companion” and the Latin word logy or “study”. He originally used “social physics” as a term for sociology. Its aim was to discover the social laws that govern the development of society.  Early Thinkers –was a German-born American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology“ His study led to the doctrine of “historical particularism,” where he stated that each society is considered as having a unique form of culture that cannot be understood under an overall definition of general culture. Franz Boas (1858-1942) 14 Early Thinkers KARL MARX German philosopher and revolutionary further contributed to the development of sociology. He reiterated that political revolution was vital in the evolutionary process of the society, the only means to achieve improvement of social conditions. Early Thinkers EMILE DURKHEIM French sociologist who put forward the idea that individuals are more products rather than the creator of society; the society itself is external to the individual. Early Thinkers MAX WEBER Weber stressed the role of rationalization in the development of society. For Weber, rationalization refers essentially to the disenchantment of the world.  State and Nation CONCEPT OF POLITICS political Politics concept -is allied with government which is considered as the ultimate authority. ethnic concept The study of politics has something to do with power – who wields it and how it is used. Therefore, it is important to study politics to understand society and to help change it for the better. This means that political science is not just for politicians or for aspiring lawyers instead, it is also a give and take relationship between the government (as a state apparatus) and its people (as a subject). 1. Make people better citizens (bring out the best wherever you are) 2. Keep social order and harmony among different groups of people. 3. Protect the rights of an individual; 4. Avoid conflict and promote cooperation  Description/Explanation Origin - The study of political science was started by the ancient Greeks. - Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated that Man is a political animal. It means that it is our nature to live in a society and to have power over another. Concepts - Political Science is the systematic study of government, politics, and political power. - It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and how. Subjects - political theory, philosopy and different political ideologies of Inquiry - public management - human rights - international relations and foreign policies Goals - Make people a better citizens. 7 - Keep social order and harmony among different group of people. 22 - Protect the rights of an individual.  Thank you for your active participation! If you have questions or clarifications, please let me know thru Messenger App. I'll be more than happy to answer your queries. Take care and enjoy the rest of the day! Understanding Culture, Society and Politics l S.Y. 2024-2025