UCSP Q1 REVIEWER BY RAM VISAYA.docx

**UCSP Q1 REVIEWER BY RAM VISAYA** **Anthropology(study of human)** -Greek word"Anthropos" which means "man"and "logos" Anthropology is the study of human,his body,behavior,culture,values,from past up to present. -includes topics such as human origin,globalization,social change,and world history...

**UCSP Q1 REVIEWER BY RAM VISAYA** **Anthropology(study of human)** -Greek word"Anthropos" which means "man"and "logos" Anthropology is the study of human,his body,behavior,culture,values,from past up to present. -includes topics such as human origin,globalization,social change,and world history. -study of humanity including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity. **Sociology(study of group of people/human civilization)** -study their relation o n how these affects people behavior. -gathers inputs namely:attitude,viewpoints, and considilated values. **Example of social groups:** Family,Government,Farmers,and Businesses. EVERY PART MUST DO ITS FUNCTION **Political Science** -Political Science is a discipline in social science concerned primaly in the state,government,and politics. **Areas of Political Science** Political Theory Public Law Public Administration International Relations 1**.Political Theory**-It deals with theaccumulation of principles identifying with the basis, structure, conduct, operations of the state. 2.**Public Law**-It pertains to laws or ordinances which control the framework of public governance. 3.**Public Administration**-It serves as an academic discipline that studies civil service and governance. 4.**International Relations**-It includes inquiries into the nation-states foreign policy in their mutual ties on the various forces-geographic, technological, psychological, political and contribute to shaping such policy. **Goals of Political Science** -MAKE PEOPLE BETTER CITIZENS -PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF AN INDIVIDUAL -KEEP SOCIAL ORDER AND HARMONY -AMONG DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE. **Culture(way of life)** **Edward B. Tylor(the pioneer English Anthropology)** **His book,primitive culture,published in 1871** **Culture:** Culture is a powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. culture and society are not the same thing. While cultures are complexes of learned behavior patterns and perceptions, societies are groups of interacting organisms **Social Norms** **Values** Values talks about the things that is relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable **DEFINING CULTURE AND SOCIETY (Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism)** -Taboos are technically defined as a practice"proscribed/forbid by society as improper or unacceptable." But what makes something taboo isn't as concrete. Whether social, religious or cultural, culinary customs are commonly associated with a multitude of nationally accepted "rules. **Papua New Guinea-**For women in Papua New Guinea in the middle of their menstrual cycles, there are a number of food taboos they must adhere too. women are not allowed fresh meat, juicy bananas or any red colored fruits. **Ethnocentrism** Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture. **Cultural Relativism** The principle that an individual person's belief and activities should be understood by others in accordance of the individual's own culture The counter-concept for ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. It is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one's own culture. Practicing cultural relativism requires an open mind and a willingness to consider, and even adapt to, new values and norms. **HERITAGES** Heritage anything or that " pamana one " values. They are structures, places, and people, traditions widely known in the Philippines. they are called cultural heritages. **Human Evolution** **Homo Habilis** Nickname: Handy Man Where Lived: Eastern and Southern Africa When Lived: 2.4 million to 1.4 million years ago Year of Discovery: 1960 -first to make stone tools. -first true human. **Homo Rudolfencis** Where Lived: Eastern Africa (northern Kenya, possibly northern Tanzania and Malawi) When Lived: About 1.9 million to 1.8 million years ago Year of Discovery: 1986 longer face, larger molar and premolar teeth, and having a larger braincase compared to habilis particularly larger frontal lobes, areas of the brain that processes information. **Homo Erectus** Where Lived: Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa; Western Asia Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia); East Asia (China and Indonesia) When Lived: Between about 1.89 million and 143,000 years ago Year of Discovery: 1891 -\"Upright Man\" with body proportions similar to that of modern humans -adapted to hot climates and mostly spread in Africa and Asia. -first hunters with improvised tools such as axes and knives, and were the first to produce fire. **Homo Heidelbergensis** Where Lived: Europe; possibly Asia (China); Africa (eastern and southern) When Lived: About 700,000 to 200,000 years ago Year of Discovery: 1908 Species with large brow ridge and short wide bodies first of early human species to live in colder climates -first to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears, \- first to construct human shelters. **Homo Floresiensis** Nickname: the Hobbit Where Lived: Asia (Indonesia) When Lived: About 100,000 - 50,000 years ago Year of Discovery: 2003 -only been found on the Island of Flores, Indonesia. -stood approximately 3 feet 6 inches tall, had tiny brains, large teeth for their small size, shrugged-forward shoulders, no chins, receding foreheads, and relatively large feet due to their short legs. -floresiensis made and used stone tools, hunted small elephants and large rodents, coped with predators such as giant Komodo dragons, and may have used fire. **Homo Neanderthalensis** Nickname: Neanderthal Where Lived: Europe and southwestern to central Asia When Lived: About 400,000 - 40,000 years ago Year of Discovery: 1829 \- adapted to winter climates especially in icy cold places in Europe and Asia. The first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering food, and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles. **Homo Sapiens** Where Lived: Evolved in Africa, now worldwide When Lived: About 200,000 years ago to present The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong to is Homo sapiens. -evolved in Africa. -they gathered and hunted food, and evolved behaviors that helped them respond to the challenges of survival in unstable environments. **Nickname: Tabon Man** Where Lived: Tabon Caves Complex on Palawan Island When Lived: about 37,000 to 47,000 years ago Year of Discovery: 1962 \- found in the Palawan caves. The caves provide clear evidence that these early humans used and made stone tools. The evidence also shows that they were able to use of fire. \- belong to a pre-Mongoloid race. **Homo luzonensis** Nickname: Callao Man Where Lived: Callao Cave,Cagayan (Northern Luzon, the Philippines) When Lived: lived on the island of Luzon at least 50,000 to 67,000 years ago Year of Discovery: 2007 The small-bodied hominin -The hominin-identified from a total of seven teeth and six small bones-hosts a patchwork of ancient and more advanced features. **cultural period** 1\. Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) 2\. Neolithic age (Agricultural
Revolution) 3\. Metal Age (Bronze and Iron age) Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) -the first evidence of tool construction -Cultural Development -Used simple pebble tools -Learned to live in caves -Discovered the use of fire -Developed small sculptures and monumental painting, incised designs and reliefs on the walls of caves \"Food-collecting cultures\" neolithic age (agricultural revolution) Cultural Development Sone tools were shaped by polishing or grinding Settlement in permanent villages Dependence on domesticated plants or animals Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving \"Food-producing cultures **WHAT IS HUMAN SOCIETY?** -A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE A COMMON LIFESTYELE AND ORGANIZATION. **TYPES OF SOCIETIES** \*HUNTING AND FOOD GATHERING SOCIETIES \*HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES \*PASTORAL SOCIETIES \*AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES \*INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES \*POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES **CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SOCIETY** \*A SOCIAL SYSTEM \*RELATIVELY LARGE \*RECUITS MOST OF ITS MEMBERS FROM WITHIN \*SUSTAIN IT SELF ACROSS GENERERATIONS \*SOCIETYS MEMBERS SHARE A CULTURE \*OCCUPIES A SOCIETY **HUNTING&FOOD GATHERING SOCIETIES** CHARACTERISTICS -THE EARLIEST FORM OF HUMAN SOCIETY -THEY SURVIVED BY FARAGING FOR VEGETABLE,FISHING, HUNTING LARGE WILD ANIMAS AND COLLECTING SHELLFISH HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES CHARACTERISTICS -POEOPLE LEARNED TO USE HUMAN MUSCLE POWER AND HANDHELD TOOL TO CULTIVATE FIELDS **SUBSISTENCE FARMIN**G -PRODUCING ENOUGH FOOD TO FEED THE GROUP -THE SETTLEMENT ARE SMALL -NEIGHBORING IS SOLID SURPLUS FARMING -THERE WAS OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALIZED WITH PRESTIGE DIFFERENCES. -SOCIAL STRAFICATION WAS WELL STABLISH -COMMUNITY TENTED TO BE STRUCTURED BY KINDSHIP RELATIONS THAT ARE MADE DOMINATED **PASTORAL SOCIETIES** CHARACTERISTICS -IT RELIED OR HERDING AND THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS FOR FOOD AND CLOTHING TO SATISFY THE GREATER NEEDS OF THE GROUP -MOST PASTORALIST WERE NOMAND WHO FOLLOWED THEIR HERDS IN A NEVER ENDING QUEST FOR PASTURE AND WATER -IT WAS ORGANIZED ALONG MALE CENTERED KINDSHIP GROUPS **AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES** -THESE SOCIETIES WERE CHARACTERIZED BY THE USE OF THE PLOW IN FARMING -CREATION OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM PROVIDED FARMING ENOUGH SURPLUS FOR THE COMMUNITY EVER-GROWING POPULATION CAME TOGETHER IN BROAD RIVER-VALLEY SYSTEM -THOSE WHO CONTROLLED ACCESS TO ARABLE LAND AND ITS USE BECOME RISH AND POWERFUL SINCE THEY COULD DEMAND THE PAYMENT OF TAXES AND POLITICAL SUPPORT -BY TAXING THE BULK OF AGRICULTURE SURPLUS, THE POLITICAL LEADERS COULD MAKE BUREAUCRACIES IMPLEMENT THEIR PLANS AND ARMIES TO PROTECT THEIR PRIVILEGES -SOCIAL CLASSES BECAME ENTRENCHED.AND THE STATE EVOLVED **INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES** -industrial society is a society driven by the use of technology and machinery to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labour **POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES** \- post-industrial society is the stage of society\'s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy. **SOCIALIZATION** The process by which people learn the norms, values,behaviors, and social skills needed to function in society. **3 GOALS OF SOCIALIZATION** It teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience. It cultivates shared sources of meaning and value. It teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain social roles. **Functions of Socialization** **Personality and Role** **Development** -we develop our sense of identity and belongingness **Skills Development and Training** -social skills such as communication, interpersonal and occupational are developed. **Values Formation** -influenced or engulfed by the prevailing values of social groups and society **Social Integration and Adjustment** -allows us to fit-in an organized way of life by being accustomed including cultural setting **Social Control and Stability** -society\'s norms with regard to acceptable social relationships and social behaviour **3 ways to acquire nationality** **1.NATURAL BORN** **2.JUS SOLI, JUS SANGUINIS** **3. NATURALIZATION**