UCSP-SUMMARY-OF-MELCS-1-2-SOCIOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY-AND-POLITICAL-SCIENCE.docx

[**[Anthropology]**](https://sosgurus.com/anthropology) is the study, analysis, and description of humanity's past and present. Questions about the past include prehistoric origins and human evolution. The study of contemporary humanity focuses on [**[biological]**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio...

[**[Anthropology]**](https://sosgurus.com/anthropology) is the study, analysis, and description of humanity's past and present. Questions about the past include prehistoric origins and human evolution. The study of contemporary humanity focuses on [**[biological]**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological) and cultural diversity, including language. All in all Anthropology, \"the study of humankind,\" which examines people in viewpoints going from the science and transformative history of Homo sapiens to the provisions of society and culture that unequivocally recognize people from other creature species. Contrasted with different disciplines that address humankind like history, social science, or brain research, human studies is more extensive two ways. As far as mankind\'s past, human sciences think about a more noteworthy profundity of time. As far as contemporary people, human sciences covers a more extensive variety of points than different disciplines, from sub-atomic DNA to intellectual turn of events and religious beliefs. Anthropologists might direct examinations in a research facility concentrating how tooth enamel uncovers a person\'s eating diet, or they might work in an exhibition hall, looking at plans on ancient earthenware. Research Method in anthropology range from logical to humanistic. They plan a speculation, or examination question, and afterward mention objective facts to check whether the theory is right. This methodology creates both quantitative (numeric) information and subjective (elucidating) information. In the humanistic methodology, anthropologists continue inductively, seeking after an abstract strategy for understanding humankind through the investigation of individuals\' specialty, music, verse, language, and other forms of symbolic expression.  The nature of anthropology can be view from its historical perspective because is a global discipline involving humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. Its foundations return to the scholarly Enlightenment of the eighteenth and mid nineteenth hundreds of years in Europe and North America. As European countries created states in far off pieces of the world and Americans extended west and south into the regions of Indians, it became evident to them that humankind was amazingly changed. Anthropology started, partially, as an endeavor by individuals from logical social orders to unbiasedly record and grasp this variety. Curiosity in bizarre individuals and customs in distant pieces of the world is the thing that principally roused these early beginner anthropologists. By profession, they frequently were naturalists, medical doctors, Christian ministers, or educated adventurers. They posed such essential inquiries as regardless of whether the contrasts between human societies are the after effect of genetic inheritance and in case there is a connection between the size of a human brain and intelligence. It was late nineteenth century that anthropology at last turned into a different scholastic discipline in American and Western European colleges. In North America anthropology is characterized as a discipline containing four fields that emphasis on separated yet interrelated subjects. The subjects are archaeology, biological anthropology (or actual human sciences), linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology (or social human studies). PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY --------------------------- quality, relativism, correlation, and hands on work. There are likewise both logical and humanistic propensities inside the discipline that, now and again, struggle with each other. ### Holism Anthropologists are keen all in all of mankind, in how different parts of life connect. One can\'t completely see the value in being human by contemplating a solitary part of our mindboggling narratives, dialects, bodies, or social orders. By utilizing a comprehensive methodology, anthropologists request how various angles from human existence impact each other. ~Cultural\ Relativism~ ---------------------- the possibility that we should try to comprehend someone else\'s convictions and practices according to the viewpoint of their way of life as opposed to our own. Anthropologists don\'t pass judgment on different societies dependent on their qualities nor do they see alternate methods of getting things done as second rate. All things being equal, anthropologists try to comprehend individuals\' convictions inside the framework they have for clarifying things. ### Comparison In cultural anthropology, we compare ideas, morals, practices, and systems within or between cultures. We might compare the roles of men and women in different societies, or contrast how different religious groups conflict within a given society. **Sociology** is the scientific investigation of human culture and social behavior. Sociology is a discipline in social sciences concerned about human society and human social activities. Generally acknowledged meanings of social science concur that it is the logical or efficient investigation of human culture. The attention is on comprehension and clarifying, and goes from the person in friendly collaboration to gatherings to social orders and worldwide social process. Exceptional to social science is its accentuation upon the complementary connection among people and social orders as they impact and shape one another Auguste Comte, a French social scholar, is generally known as the \"Father of Sociology\" as he instituted the term \'Humanism\' in 1839.  As a discipline, sociology arose early in the nineteenth century in response to rapid social change. Major transformations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, such as rapid industrialization resulting in a large, anonymous workforce. With laborers investing the greater part of their energy away from families and customs; huge scope urbanization all through Europe and the industrializing scene; and a political upset of novel thoughts (singular rights and majority rule government), coordinated a focus on the idea of social orders and social change. The French social thinker Auguste Comte (1798-- 1857) first coined the term sociology to describe a new way of thinking about societies as systems governed by principles of organization and change. Most agree that Émile Durkheim (1858--1917), the French humanist, made the biggest commitment to the development of social science as a social scientific discipline Sociology has created as a worth free discipline. It is concerned with is, not with what should be. Sociology is an empirical discipline like Physics, Chemistry, or Mathematics, and not as an applied science like Engineering or Computer Science. A Sociologist examinations society from various points and obtains information about society and examples of social associations. The ultimate goal of sociology is to acquire knowledge about society like all the other social sciences discipline, as Samuel Koenig has pointed out the ultimate aim of sociology is " to improve man's adjustment to life by developing objective knowledge concerning social phenomena which can be used to deal effectively with social problems". ###  PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY gatherings to which individuals have a place and by the social communication that happens inside those gatherings. We are what our identity is and we act the manner in which we do in light of the fact that we end up living in a specific culture at a specific point in reality. Individuals will in general acknowledge their social world unquestioningly, as something \"regular.\" But the sociological perspective empowers us to consider society to be a brief social item, made by people and fit for being changed by them also. The sociological perspective welcomes us to take a look at our recognizable environmental factors in a new manner. It urges us to investigate the world we have consistently underestimated, to analyze our social climate with the very interest that we may bring to an extraordinary unfamiliar culture. The study of Sociology drives us into spaces of society that we may somehow have disregarded or misunderstood. Since our perspective is formed by our own experience and since individuals with various social encounters have various meanings of social reality, sociology assists us with liking perspectives other than our own and to see how these perspectives appeared. Sociology likewise assists us with understanding ourselves better. Without the sociological perspective (which has been known as the \"sociological imagination\"), individuals see the world through their restricted insight of a little circle of family, companions, colleague. The sociological imagination permits us to stand separated intellectually from our restricted insight and see the connection between private concerns and social issues. It grants us to follow the connection between the patterns and events of our own and the patterns and events of our society. [**[Political]** [ **Science**]](https://sosgurus.com/political-science) is the study of the nature, causes, and consequences of collective decisions and actions taken by groups of people embedded in cultures and institutions that structure power and authority. In other words, Political Science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions and political behavior.  Politics is not only a mere institution of governance but also a mechanism for achieving societal goals. Nature of Political Science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. It incorporates matters concerning the portion and move of power in making decision, the jobs and frameworks of administration including governments and worldwide associations, political behavior and public policies. Political Science is in this way an investigation of the state in the past, present and future of the political organization, political cycles and political functions of political establishments and political theories. Political Science has a few subfields, including political hypothesis, public policy, public legislative issues, worldwide relations, human rights, natural governmental issues and near legislative issues. The forerunners of Western legislative issues can follow their underlying foundations back to Greek scholars Socrates, Plato (427--347 BC) and Aristotle (384--322 BC). The investigations were theory arranged. Plato composed The Republic and Aristotle composed the Politics. Aristotle is known as the Father of Political Science. He is well known for his assert  ***[CONCEPT of CULTURE]*** ANTHROPOLOGIST PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ----------------------------------------- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE --------------------------------------------------------- 1. **[CULTURE is learned and acquired]**: Culture is gained as in there are sure practices which are obtained through heredity. People acquire certain characteristics from their folks yet socio-social examples are not acquired. These are gained from relatives, from the gathering and the general public wherein they live. It is in this manner clear that the way of life of individuals is impacted by the physical and social climate through which they work. 2. [**CULTURE** **is shared by a group of people**]: An idea or activity might be called culture in case it is shared and accepted or rehearsed by a gathering of individuals. 3. **[CULTURE is cumulative]**: Different information exemplified in culture can be passed starting with one age then onto the next age. Increasingly more information is added in the specific culture as the time elapses by. Each might work out answer for issues in life that passes starting with one age then onto the next. This cycle stays as the specific culture goes with time. 4. **C[ULTURE changes]**: There is information, musings or customs that are lost as new social qualities are added. There are potential outcomes of social changes inside the specific culture over the long haul. 5. [**CULTURE** **is dynamic**]: No culture stays on the perpetual state. Culture is changing continually as novel thoughts and new procedures are added over the long haul altering or changing the old ways. This is the attributes of culture that stems from the way of life\'s total quality. 6. **[CULTURE gives us a scope of passable standards of conduct]**: It includes how a movement ought to be directed, how an individual should act properly. 7. **[CULTURE is diverse]**: It is a framework that has a few commonly reliant parts. Albeit these parts are isolated, they are related with each other framing culture as entirety. 8. **[CULTURE is ideational]**: Often it sets out an optimal example of conduct that are expected to be trailed by people in order to acquire social acknowledgment from individuals with a similar culture. *CONCEPT of SOCIETY* --------------------  - **SOCIETY is ABSTRACT:** - **LIKENESS AND DIFFERENCE IN SOCIETY:** - **COOPERATION & CONFLICT IN SOCIETY**: - **SOCIETY IS A PROCESS NOT A PRODUCT**: - **SOCIETY IS A SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION**:  *CONCEPT of POLITICS* --------------------------------------------- agencies but all structures in their political aspect. ### Interdependence of Parts