Topic 1. The Primer Introduction to Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science. 1.23.pdf

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (UCSP) Introduction to Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science Week 1 | Prepared by Faculty of HUMSS Strand  Subject Objectives At the end of the lessons, you must… a. Articulate observations on...

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (UCSP) Introduction to Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science Week 1 | Prepared by Faculty of HUMSS Strand  Subject Objectives At the end of the lessons, you must… a. Articulate observations on human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and political identities. b. Demonstrate curiosity and an openness to explore the origins and dynamics of culture, society, and political identities. c. Identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology. Subject Overview  Subject Overview Subject Overview a. This subject uses insights from Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology to develop an awareness of cultural, social, and political dynamics, and sensitivity to cultural diversity. b. It provides an understanding of how culture, human agency, society, and politics work. c. It examines the country’s current human development goals.  Subject Overview Subject Overview d. Acquire ideas about human cultures, human agency, society, and politics e. Recognize cultural relativism and social inclusiveness to overcome prejudices f. Develop social and cultural competence to guide their interactions with groups, communities, networks and institutions United Nation Sustainable Development Goals Anthropology  Anthropology a. From the Greek word “Anthropos” which means man and “lógos” which means the study of. b. The study of humanity, The study of humankind c. The study of humanity, including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity d. The study of humankind in all times and all places  Anthropology Goals of Anthropology a. Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve diversity b. Discover what all people have in common c. Look at one’s own culture more objectively, like an outsider; make the strange familiar and the familiar strange d. Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior  Anthropology Cultural Anthropology - Is the study of living people and their cultures, including variation and change  Anthropology Biological Anthropology - Is the study of humans as biological organisms, including their evolution and contemporary variation  Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology - Is the study of communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among humans  Anthropology Archaeology - Is the study of past human cultures through their material remains  Anthropology Applied Anthropology - Anthropology put to use - Application of anthropological knowledge to help solve social problems or to shape policy goals - Applied anthropology is not a separate field of Anthropology. However, the application should be a valued part of every field of Anthropology Sociology  Sociology - (Latin: socius, "companion"; -ology, "the study of", Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge") is the study of human societies. Combining the two words will mean the study of associates or companions. - Sociology was coined by Auguste Comte (1798-1857), who was regarded as the “father of Sociology”.  Sociology Concepts of Sociology - A science that studies human civilization - A systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect their behavior - It focuses on various social connections, institutions, organizations, structures, and processes  Sociology Concepts of Sociology - It gathers social inputs which are composed of frequent forms and manners: attitude, viewpoints, consolidated values, and norms of social institutions which form part of the social array  Sociology The scientific study of Sociology enables us to: - Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life - Critically studying the nature of humanity which also leads to examining our roles within the society - Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other.  Sociology The scientific study of Sociology enables us to: - Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts which are acquired through empirical process - Expose our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth.  Sociology social organization sociological population theory and studies research Areas of Sociology Areas of sociology social applied psychology sociology human social change ecology  Sociology Areas of Sociology 1. Social Organization - includes the study of social institutions, social inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy  Sociology Areas of Sociology 2. Social Psychology - focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect individual or responses  Sociology Areas of Sociology 3. Applied Sociology - concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organization. Also, aims to assist in resolving social problems  Sociology Areas of Sociology 4. Population Studies - this area includes size, growth, demographic characteristics, composition, migration, changes, and equality vis a vis (in relation to )economic, political, and social systems.  Sociology Areas of Sociology 5. Human Ecology - pertains to the study of the effects of various social organizations (religious, political and a like) to the population’s behavior  Sociology Areas of Sociology 6. Sociological Theory and Research - focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools, methods, and techniques to scientifically explain a sociological issue  Sociology Areas of Sociology 7. Social Change - studies the factor that causes social organization and social disorganization like calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual social change, health and welfare problems, political instability, unemployment and underemployment, child and women’s issue Political Science  Political Science Politics Originated from the Greek word “Politeia” or “Polis” which means city or state The art and science of governing city/state The social process or strategy in any position of control in which people gain, use or lose power  Political Science Politics Politics - the first systematic work scroll focused on political affairs written by Aristotle – that named him the Father of Political Science.  Political Science Political Science The nature and organization of the State, the structure, and functions of the high branches of government, and the theory of political and civil liberties (Agpalo, 1998) The systematic study of political and governmental institutions and processes (Ranney, 1995) Collections of relevant rules and routines that determine appropriate actions regarding relations between roles and situations involving the determination of what the situation is, what the role is being fulfilled, and what obligation of that part in that situation is (Peters, 2012)  Political Science Fields of Political Science  Political Science Fields of Political Science 1. Domestic Politics - is generally the most common field of study; its subfields include public opinion, elections, national government, and state, local, or regional government.  Political Science Fields of Political Science 2. Comparative Politics - focuses on politics within countries (often grouped into world regions) and analyzes similarities and differences between countries.  Political Science Fields of Political Science 3. International Relations - considers the political relationships and interactions between countries, including the causes of war, the formation of foreign policy, international political economy, and the structures that increase or decrease the policy options available to governments.  Political Science Fields of Political Science 4. Political Theory - includes classical political philosophy and contemporary theoretical perspectives (e.g., constructivism, critical theory, and postmodernism)  Political Science Fields of Political Science 5. Public Administration - studies the role of the bureaucracy. It is the field most oriented toward practical applications within political science and is often organized as a separate department that prepares students for careers in the civil service.  Political Science Fields of Political Science 6. Public Law Studies – it studies the constitutions, legal systems, civil rights, and criminal justice (now increasingly its own discipline).  Political Science Fields of Political Science 7. Public Policy – examines the passage and implementation of all types of government policies, particularly those related to civil rights, defense, health, education, economic growth, urban renewal, regional development, and environmental protection.  Political Science State came from the Latin word “stare” which means ‘to stand’. A political community that occupies a definite territory; has an organized government with the authority to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority. A self-governing political entity  Political Science Elements of the State 1. People - the population or the inhabitants. 2. Territory - refers to the portion of the earth which is composed of aerial, fluvial, and terrestrial domains. 3. Sovereignty - refers to supreme absolute power within its territorial boundaries 4. Government - refers to the institution or agency through which the state maintains social order, etc.  Political Science Nation (Anderson 1991, Poggi 2008) is the social construction of a collective identity, a group of people who share the same history, geography, language, customs, and sometimes religion.  Political Science The distinction between state and nation (murali, et. Al. 2005) State Nation  Existed not only at present but also in the  Modern Phenomenon. ancient period.  It is legal political.  It is racial-cultural.  People organized for law within a definite  People psychologically joined together with territory a common will to live.  Must be sovereign.  Doesn’t remain sovereignty.  Inhabited by heterogeneous groups of people  Inhabited by homogeneous groups of people