Tourism Industry PDF

**Tourism Industry** -- The customer satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are focuses of tourism business History Of Tourism \*The **earliest forms of leisure tourism** can be traced as far back as the Babylonians and Egyptian empires \***Egyptians** held **religious** **festivals** **\*Greek Tour...

**Tourism Industry** -- The customer satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are focuses of tourism business History Of Tourism \*The **earliest forms of leisure tourism** can be traced as far back as the Babylonians and Egyptian empires \***Egyptians** held **religious** **festivals** **\*Greek Tourist** travelled to visit sites for healing gods. Most tourist travelled by water. \***People** travelled for **trade, commerce, religious purposes, festivals, medical treatment or education developed at early date**. \*Tourism is **complex and interconnected global phenomenon** influenced by various disciplined and fields of study History of Ph tourism \*Migration through land bridges from **Malayan archipelago in the south** and **Taiwan in the north** \*Traded goods with natives \***The Philippines is the third largest English speaking country with rich history** combining Asian, European, and American influences. \*Spanish colonization, brought the construction of Intramuros in 1571, A walled City \*Spanish rule (1521-1898) \*American rule (1898-1946) \*Japanese occupation (1941-1946) \*Ph self rule (1946 Gained Independence -- present) \*Earning the nn "Pearl of the orient seas" but declined after WWII with devastated economy and destroyed heritage sites. \*Recreational -- aim of relaxation, reproduction and improvement of one physical and psychic condition \*Cultural Sightseeing -- focused oneself with history, culture, traditions and habits of one's country and other nations \*Social -- gather together, new friendships and acquaintances with same interests \*Therapeutic -- rehabilitation and treatment illness, fitness and relaxation \*Sports -- travel experience of the tourist who observe as a spectator or actively participate in sporting events \*Exploration of Tourism -- Flora and Fauna (flower) way of visiting conversation areas \*Eco tourism -- responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustains well-being of local people \*Adventurous (Adrenaline Sports) -- connected with danger, testing physical and psychic abilities of participants \*Professional -- include entrepreneur, business trips, participate in conferences and fairs \*Political Tourism -- has journey with political purposes. \*Shopping Tourism -- journey to shop \*Specific Tourism -- Shared common interests. ACCORDING TO PLACE \*Domestic Tourism -- within the country International Tourism \*Active (incoming or inbound) -- foreign visitors come to country \*Passive (Outgoing or outbound) -people from country travel abroad ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF STAY \*Short Term -- up to 3 days \*Long term -- more than 3 days ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS \*Individual -- (individual family) \*Group (tours) \*Mass (events such pilgrimages, sports events) ACCORDING TO THE WAY OF ORGANIZATION \*Organized -- arrange by specialized subjects \*Non organized -arrange by themselves \*Commercial -- Fully paid by customer \*Bound -- some conditions must be have membership in organization \*Dealer -- sells only the complete offer of an organizer \*Organizer -- not only assemble the offer but he or she can sell \*Mass Tourism -- packaged tour \*Alternative tourism -- Eco tourism \*Backpackers (18-24 yrs, no child, Attracted to adventurous activity. Consider themselves travelers not tourist \*DINKS -- Double Income, No Kids \*SINKS -- Single Income No kids\ \*BOOMERS -- Generation in the 1950s \*Youths -- Between to 18-25 of age, not well educated, low disposable income \*Visitors -- describe all the traveler who fall within agreed definitions of tourism \*Tourist -- describe visitors who stay overnight at a destination \*Same day visitors -- describe visitors who arrive and depart on the same day \*Travel Agents -- outlets that offers a broad range of domestic and international travel services \*The Outbound Operator -- specialized particularly in geographic regions or an specific activity \*Inbound Operator -- Located in the destination country they provide complete packages of services from arrival in the country to departure \*Local Service Providers -- Outside the Big Cities, near natural attractions these maybe local lodge and hotel owners FIRST TRAVEL AGENTS \*Robert Smart -- first steamship agent \*Thomas Cook -- railway \*Thomas Bennett -- arrange tours \*Adventure Tourism -- travel to remote areas \*Archaeotourism or Archeological tourism -- aims to promote passion for historical archaelogy and the historical sites \*Arts Tourism -- exposure to different forms of art like paintings ad sculpture \*Black tourism -- visiting sites with suffering and death \*Bookstore tourism -- promotes bookstore as a group travel destination \*Culinary Tourism -- promotes drinking and dining with the locals at the chosen destination \*Shock Tourism -- type of niche tourism involve travel to dangerous places CHAPTER 2 \*Tourism and Hospitality -- one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world \*Network -- complicated interconnection of parts or components \*The components of the tourism and hospitality Network maybe independent and competitive business, they are interrelated and interdependent \*F&B SERVICES ARE EVERYWHERE -- the public looks for food and beverage services everywhere, in hotels, motels, airlines FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICES- \*Fine Dining, Fast Food, Casual Dining, Catering Services, Bars and Pubs, Food Trucks \*Lodging -- involves overnight stay or even long term services to guests LODGING SERVICES -- Hotel, Motel, Bed & Breakfast, Resorts, Hostels \*Entertainment -- traditional duties of a host to entertain his or her guest. \*Travel and Tourism Component -- used as an umbrella term to refer to those business provide primary services to travelers \*The travel and tourism component not only food and beverage services but also transportation services and services of travel agencies and tour operators \*Travel Agent -- one who sells travel services in travel agency \*Tour Operator -- make necessary contact with hotel, airlines and other travel services \*Hospitality -- Latin word hospitaire, means to receive as a guest \*Tourist -visitors staying at least 24 hrs for leisure, business family \*Excursionist -- temporary visitors staying at least 24hrs \*Attractions -- Natural or Man Made \*Amenities of Facilities -- Accommodation \*Accessibility -- distance to destination from the originating country CHAPTER 3-4 The Organization for economic cooperation and Development (OECD) -- Promotes policies aimed at improving the economic and social wellbeing of people around the world \*International tourism and hospitalityis both price elastic and income elastic \*Economic Impact -- tourism and hospitality acts as an export industry by bringing in revenues from outside sources \*Direct -- income is received directly \*Indirect or secondary effects -- the money paid by tourist are used to pay for supplies, wages of workers. \*Multiplier Effect -- describe the total effect, both direct and indirect, used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of tourist expenditures \*Growth Theory -- states that tourism and hospitality needs the support of other industries \*Gee, Choy, and Makens (1997) -- define travel industry as the composite of organization both public and private. \*Natural Resources -- elements for visitor enjoyment, climate, flora and fauna, water supply \*Infrastructure- underground surface construction (water/sewage system) \*Superstructure -- ground facilities (airport terminals, restaurants) \*Transportation -- ships, airplaines \*Hospitality resources cultural -- friendliness, willingness to serve and positive interactions with tourists CHAPTER 7-8 \*Marketing Issues \*Changing demographics -- older population has preferences differ from younger generation \*Changing vacation patterns -Traditional once a year or two weeks is declining. At present, many plan mini vacations. MULTIPLE CHOICES (5-6) \*United Nations World Tourism Organization -- chief international organization field of travel and tourism \*It was born on International Union of Official Travel Organization (IUOTO) \*due to rapis expansion of travel had the created the need for a world body to deal with problems at the government level \*Led to the transformation of IUOTO into WTO \*WTO -- intergovernmental level consultation, effective cooperation, decision making relating to policies MEMBERSHIP \*Full Membership -- Independent nation (Spain, France, Ph) \*Associate Members -- territories not responsible for their external relations (Hongkong, Macau) \*Affliate Members -international bodies, both governmental and non commercial and non associations related to the aim of UNWTO. \*General Assembly -- meets once every to years, \*Executive Council -- meets twice a year, Composed of members elected by the assembly, implement decision and prepare future session International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) -- organization of around 134 governments established for the purpose of promoting civil aviation on a worldwide scale. Internattional Air Transport Association (IATA) -- composed of airline operators attached to the national delegations of the ICAO World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) -- only global forum whose members are the top decision makers in the travel and tourism industry. It is the only body representing the private sector in all parts of the industry worldwide. The over 150 members comprise of CEOs, presidents or chairmen of airlines, airports, hotels. \*Development Organization (DO) -- these are the following, (the world bank, Asian Development bank (ph), Islamic Development Bank (Saudi) \*The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) -- international organization established on dec 14, 1960 in paris. It is to promote policies that foster sustainable economic growth and employment while improving living standards among its member countries. \*Pacific Asia travel Association (PATA) -- it is composed of more than 1,000 organizations, including governments, air and steamship lines, wholesale and retial travel agencies, its purpose is to develop, promote and facilitate travel in the pacific area \*PATA has initiated the "PATA code for Environmental Tourism" \*Caribbean Tourism Association (CTA) -- founded in 1951 to encourage and assist in the development of tourism throught the carribean area \*Asia -- Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) -- focuses on tourism and which recently achieved official status as an international governmental organization. It represents 15 countries, namely Australia, Brunei, Canada, Hong Kong \*Organization of American States (OAS) -- to strengthen relations between American states by providing advisory services and training programs in many fields including tourism. OAS conducts a number of travel studies and tourism development programs ROLES OF NATIONAL ORGANIZATION IN TOURISM \*Planning -- attracts foreign investment and funds infrastructure development \*Employment and Training -- determines manpower needs, develop tourism training programs \*Coordiinating public and Private Sectors -- determines roles in mixed economics \*National Tourism Office (NTO) -- responsible for promoting tourism and overseeing the overall development of the countrys tourism industry \*Department of Tourism in the Philippines (DOT) -- primary government agency responsible for promoting tourism as a major socioeconomic activity, generating forein currency, employment and ensuring a safe, emjoyable experience for tourists \*The undersecretary for planning, product development and coordination -- manages the office of toruism development planning, office of product research and development and the office of tourism coordination The undersecretary for tourism service -- handles the office of toruism standards, NCR and all regional offices \*Tourism Infastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) -- Formely known as Philippine Tourism Authority \*a corporate body responsible for designating, regulating and supervising tourism enterprise zones Tourism Promotions Board (TPB) -- known as Philippine Convention And Visitors Corporation, TPB operates under the supervision of Department of Tourism\ \*role to formulate and implement domestic and international tourism promotion and marketing programs for the DOT \*Intramuros Administration (IA) -- Initiate, \[;an and supervise the restoration, upkeep, and maintenance of Intramuros \*National parks Development Committee (NPDC) - a government agency overseeing national parks in the ph its original focus was on developing quezon memorial circle, luneta \*Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF) -- showcase various primary attractions and scenic plates in the ph \*Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC) -- a body corporate to operate the duty and tax free merchandising system in the ph to augment the service facilities for tourist and to generate foreign exchange and revenue for the government \*Philippine Retirement Plan (PRA) a government owned and controlled corporation signed by pres, marcos sr. july 4, 1985. \*SRRV (Special Resident Retiree's Visa) -- allows retirees to live permanently in the ph with multiple privileges, including taz-free importation and exemption from securing ACR I-Card \*SRRV SMILE -- for active/healty principal retirees, 35 yrs old and above to maintain their visa deposit of US20,000.00 in any of the PRA-designated banks \*SRRV Classic - for active/healthy principal retirees who would opt to use their visa deposit of US\$10,000.00 or US\$20,000.00 (50 years old and above) or US\$50,000.00 (35 to 49 years old) to purchase condominium units or use for long-term lease of house and lot; \*SRRV COURTESY - for former Filipinos (35 years old and above) and foreign nationals (50 years old and above) who have served in the Philippines. diplomats, ambassadors, officers/staff of international organizations. The visa deposit is US\$1,500.00. \*SRV HUMAN TOUCH - for ailing principal retirees, (35 years old and above), who are shown to have medical/clinical needs and services. Under this option, the retiree only needs to have a visa deposit of US\$10,000.00, a monthly pension of at least US\$1,500.00, and a Health Insurance Policy. \*Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD) -- mandates local government units to be self-reliant and handle functions related to tourism facilities and attractions \*The United States Travel Data Center (USTDC) -- improve the quality and range of statistical date describing travel and tourism \*Tracel Industry Association of America (TIAA) -- formed to promote travel to and within the United States \*to develop and implement programs that benefit the travel supplier and consumer \*Travel and tourism Research Association (TTRA) -- concerned with travel research in improving the quality and effectiveness of research \*American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA) -- Largest travel associations in the United States \*Universal of Federation of Travel Agents Association (UFTAA) -- negotiating body for tourism and travel industry on behalf of travel agents. \*World Association for Professional Training in tourism (WAPTT) -- Provide vocational training. \*Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education (CHRIE) -- Non profit association for schools, colleges, and universities offering programs in hotel and restaurant management, Enchancement of professionalism, advancement of teaching, training, learning, research and practice \*Association of Travel Marketing Executive (ATME) -- Non profit research and educational organization of individual travel and marketing executives. ATTME include the Registered travel marketing professionals- career travel marketing executive, Travel marketing associate -- students, suppliers, Fellow- registered travel marketing professional for 1yr