The PERMA Model (Engagement & Relationships) PDF

The PERMA Model (Engagement & Relationships) Learning Outcome Identify what determines happiness (PERMA Model) and how it is measured. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Gain a deep understanding of the concept of engagement as part of the PERMA model for wellbeing. 2. List and a...

The PERMA Model (Engagement & Relationships) Learning Outcome Identify what determines happiness (PERMA Model) and how it is measured. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Gain a deep understanding of the concept of engagement as part of the PERMA model for wellbeing. 2. List and appreciate the importance and benefits of engagement, recognizing its impact on overall well-being. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of characteristics of the state of flow, emphasizing its connection to engagement. 4. Provide a comprehensive explanation of various strategies and methods to actively practice engagement within the broader context of the PERMA Model. 5. Develop a comprehensive understanding of positive relationships and their role in enhancing overall well-being. 6. Distinguish between key elements characterizing positive and negative relationships 7. Understand how emotional intelligence contributes to positive relationships and apply strategies for cultivating emotional intelligence in interpersonal interactions. 8. Gain insights into the concept of emotional intelligence, encompassing self-awareness, selfregulation, empathy, motivation, and social skills. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 3 PERMA Model Having been introduced to the PERMA model in the previous lecture, we are now aware that the PERMA model is a comprehensive framework designed by positive psychologist Martin Seligman to measure and enhance well-being. Comprising five essential elements—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—the PERMA model provides a holistic approach to understanding and cultivating the various facets of a fulfilling and meaningful life. This lecture will focus on two key elements: Engagement and Relationships. As we explore these aspects, we aim to understand their deep impact on well-being and how they contribute to a fulfilling life." GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 4 Engagement PERMA MODEL Accomplishment Positive Emotions Meaning Engagement Relationships Seligman's PERMA model identifies five key elements contributing to well-being, and Engagement is one of them. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 5 Can you remember a time where you completely lost track of time engaging is something that had your complete focus and attention? GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 6 What is Engagement ? Seligman (2012) states that "Engagement" refers to the state of being fully absorbed and immersed in activities that align with one's strengths and interests. It goes beyond simple happiness and involves a deep connection to the present moment, characterized by a sense of flow and concentration. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 7 What is Engagement ? Engagement can be likened to " (being one with the music, time stopping, and the loss of self-conscious during and absorbing activity). This aligns with Csikszentmihalyi’s (1989) concept of "flow" characterized by the loss of self-consciousness and complete absorption in an activity. In essence, it involves living in the present moment and focusing entirely on the task at hand. Flow, synonymous with engagement, manifests when there is an optimal balance between challenge and skill/strength (Csikszentmihalyi & LeFevre, 1989). Achieving flow implies a seamless integration of one's capabilities with the demands of the task. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 8 What is Engagement ? Engagement Theory, places less emphasis on emotion and more on the active involvement in life's activities. This theory suggests that our sense of happiness is derived from being fully absorbed and engaged in the present moment. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 9 Characteristics of Flow (Engagement) What exactly is the flow experience like? Csikszentmihalyi stated that flow can be described with eight parameters: (Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2009) 1. A merging of action and awareness. Those in a state of flow are fully immersed in an activity, feeling "inside" it, without the need for prior planning, and it feels like they're actively involved, not just watching or evaluating the activity. 2. Complete concentration on the task at hand. Being fully focused on what you're doing makes it easier to blend action and awareness. This kind of concentration feels easy and doesn't involve straining your mind or forcefully trying to control your thoughts. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 10 Characteristics of Flow (Engagement) 3. Lack of worry about losing control The loss of worry apparently allows people to maintain concentration and focus on the task. This focus allows them to feel as if they are in complete control of their actions. 4. A loss of self-consciousness. Engagement (flow) allows us to act without overthinking or getting stuck in inner conflicts. The mind is not preoccupied with overanalyzing or being hindered by internal doubts and conflicting thoughts. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 11 Characteristics of Flow (Engagement) 5. Time no longer seems to pass in ordinary ways. In a state of flow, Time can feel like it's either flying by quickly or slowing down significantly. This aspect of flow is quite noticeable, and some describe it as an altered state of consciousness. 6. Autotelic nature of the experience. This term refers to the fact that the experience is done for its own sake rather than to another goal (Enjoyable for its own sake experience). GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 12 Characteristics of Flow (Engagement) 7. Flow accompanies a challenging activity that requires skill. Engagement occurs when a challenging activity matches your skills perfectly, requiring intense concentration for an engaging experience. If the challenge is too high, it causes anxiety; if too low, it leads to boredom. 8. An activity has clear goals and provides immediate feedback. The activity should have clear goals and provide instant feedback. This way, a person doesn't have to guess or worry about how well they're doing. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 13 Benefits of engagement include: Enhanced Well-Being Improved Focus Reduced Stress Increased Productivity Enhanced Relationships Greater Resilience Sense of Fulfillment Improved Mental Health Personal Growth: Positive Impact on Physical Health GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 14 Ways to Increase and Practice Engagement: Practicing engagement involves actively participating in activities that capture your interest and require your full attention. It's about being fully present in the moment, immersed in what you're doing. Here are a few examples to illustrate practicing engagement GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 15 Ways to Increase and Practice Engagement: 1. Participate in activities that you really love, where you lose track of time when you do them. 2. Try to focus on what you're doing right now, even during daily routines or simple activities. 3. Take some time in nature, observe, listen, and watch what's happening around you. 4. Discover and understand your personal strengths, then engage in activities where you bloom. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 16 Remember, the key to practicing engagement is to choose activities that align with your interests and challenge you appropriately. By actively participating in such activities, you enhance your overall well-being and cultivate a more fulfilling life. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 17 Relationships PERMA MODEL Accomplishment Meaning Positive Emotions Relationships Engagement Seligman's PERMA model identifies five key elements contributing to well-being, and Relationships is one of them. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 18 Everyone needs someone. t As humans, we naturally like to connect with others. We enhance our well-being and share positivity by forming strong connections with the people around us (family, friends, coworkers, and neighbors). GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 19 What Are Relationships? In positive psychology, relationships refer to the social connections and interpersonal bonds that individuals form with others. These connections can include relationships with family, friends, romantic partners, colleagues, and broader social networks. Among the strongest and most important predictors of subjective well-being is the presence of positive social relationships (Boehm et al., 2018; Diener & Lucas, 1999; Myers, 2000). GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 20 Why Positive Relationships Matter ? Relationships are incredibly powerful forces in our lives. Seligman emphasizes the significance of positive social interactions and the role of meaningful connections in promoting a flourishing life. Positive relationships help make the great times even better, and the hard times slightly easier. Healthy relationships, whether with family, friends, or within a community, are considered fundamental to overall well-being. Positive and supportive social connections can contribute to emotional resilience, provide a sense of belonging, and enhance the quality of life. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 21 Why Positive Relationships Matter ? Evidence supports the crucial role of social connections, especially as we age: ✓Social environment plays a critical role in preventing cognitive decline. ✓Strong social networks contribute to better physical health in older adults (Siedlecki et al., 2014). Research shows that sharing good news and celebrating success fosters strong bonds and improved relationships (Siedlecki et al., 2014). GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 22 How do we know if a relationship is really positive? GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 23 Positive Vs. Negative Relationships Aspect Positive Relationship Negative Relationship Communication Open, honest, and supportive. Lack of communication, criticism. Built on trust and respect. Distrust, deceit, or betrayal. Mutual support and encouragement. Lack of support, competition. Constructive resolution of conflicts. Frequent arguments, hostility. Empathy Understanding and consideration. Lack of empathy, indifference. Growth Encourages personal and mutual growth. Stifles personal development. Positive experiences and shared enjoyment. Frequent negativity, tension. Trust Support Conflict Resolution Enjoyment Energy Drain Energizing and fulfilling.and wellbeing GRD106-Happiness Draining and emotionally exhausting. 24 There will be no doubt that within a lifetime both types of relationships will be experienced; knowing how to identify, engage in, and nurture the true positive relationships can help us understand how benefits to well-being come about and adds to our overall experience of a subjective definition of a good life and enhanced well-being. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 25 Facts on Positive Relationships Positive relationships aren't always perfect. Some involve ups and downs that aren't anyone's fault. To understand positive relationships, ask yourself: What good things do I bring to the relationship, and what good things do I get back? In positive relationships, giving and receiving go hand in hand, making the connection stronger and boosting how you feel about yourself. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 26 Emotional Mastery for Strong Relationships Our emotions have a stronger influence on our behavior than our thoughts. Controlling emotions is a vital factor in strengthening relationships. By mastering our emotions, we empower ourselves to build more resilient and fulfilling connections. By mastering our emotions and developing emotional intelligence, we empower ourselves to build more resilient and fulfilling relationships. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 27 Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the ability to manage both your own emotions and understand the emotions of people around you. Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is crucial for better understanding and working cooperatively with others. It allows individuals to recognize and manage emotions, contributing to personal and professional success. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 28 The Five Domains of EQ Emotional Intelligence (EQ) encompasses various domains that collectively contribute to an individual's ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions, both in oneself and others. The five key domains of Emotional Intelligence are: 1. Know your emotions. 2. Manage your emotions. 3. Motivate yourself. 4. Recognize and understand other people’s emotions. 5. Manage relationships (others’ emotions) GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 29 The Five Domains of EQ 1 2 Know your emotions Self-Awareness Manage your emotions Managing and Recognizing and understanding one's own emotions. Being aware of how emotions influence thoughts and behaviors. controlling one's emotions effectively. Avoiding impulsive reactions and maintaining composure in challenging situations. 3 4 Motivate yourself Recognize and understand other people’s emotions. Connecting emotions to achieve personal and professional goals. Demonstrating enthusiasm, resilience, and a positive outlook. GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing Empathy Sensitively understanding and sharing others' emotions. Showing compassion and considering different perspectives. 5 Manage relationships (others’ emotions) Navigating social situations with sensitivity. Building and maintaining positive relationships, effective communication, and conflict resolution. 30 https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/quizzes/ei_quiz GRD106-Happiness and wellbeing 31 Resources Compton, W. C. & Hoffman, E. (20190. Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Flourishing. (3rd edition). Sage Publications. USA. Pursuit of Happiness. (n.d.). History of Happiness: Martin Seligman & Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.pursuit-ofhappiness.org/history-of-happiness/martin-seligman-psychology/ Positive Psychology. (n.d.). PERMA Model: Your Scientific Theory of Happiness. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/permamodel/ Positive Psychology. (n.d.). Emotional Intelligence Frameworks. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/emotionalintelligence-frameworks/#five-domains-of-emotional-intelligence GRD106- Happiness and Wellbeing 32