Primary Schooler Physical Development PDF

# Unit 4: The Primary Schooler ## “There is always one moment in childhood when the door opens and lets the future in.” Deepak Chopra **Image: A group of children in school uniforms are standing in a line and smiling. They are looking towards the camera.** ## Physical Development Of The Primary...

# Unit 4: The Primary Schooler ## “There is always one moment in childhood when the door opens and lets the future in.” Deepak Chopra **Image: A group of children in school uniforms are standing in a line and smiling. They are looking towards the camera.** ## Physical Development Of The Primary Pupil Physical growth during the primary school years is slow but steady. **Physical development involves:** - Having good muscles control and coordination - Developing eye-hand coordination - Having good personal hygiene - Being aware of good safety habits **Image:** A group of children are brushing their teeth. ## Height and Weight - Height - two inches in a year - Weight - 6.5 lbs or approximately 2.95kgs a year **Factors to consider:** - Genes - Climate - Food - Exercise - Diseases/Illnesses - Medical Conditions **Image:** A teacher is measuring a boy's height. ## Bones and Muscles Childhood years are the peak bone-producing years. Because children's bones have proportionately more water and protein-like materials and fewer minerals than adults, ensuring adequate calcium intake helps strengthening. **Image:** Three boys are playing together. ## Motor Development Children in this stage love to move a lot. They run, skip, hop, jump, tumble, roll and dance. - **Unimanual** - require the use of one hand. - **Bimanual** - require the use of two hands. **Motor development skills include:** - Coordination - Balance - Speed - Agility - Power **Image: Several children are shown playing in different ways. This includes a child doing a cartwheel, a child playing with building blocks, a child playing jump rope, and children playing tag.** ## Coordination - A series of movements organized and timed to occur in a particular way. ## Balance - A child's ability to maintain equilibrium or stability in different positions. - **Static balance: ** maintain in a fixed position. - **Dynamic balance: ** maintain while moving. ## Speed - The ability to cover great distance in the shortest possible time. ## Agility - The ability to quickly change or shift the body's direction. ## Power - The ability to perform maximum effort in the shortest possible time. # Cognitive Development Of Primary Schoolers ## Jean Piaget's Concrete Operational stage **Concrete operation** ages 7 to approximately 11 years. ### Logic - **Inductive logic:** thinking from a specific experience to a general principle. - **Deductive logic:** using a general principle to determine the outcome of a specific event. ## Reversibility **Math:** 3 + 4 = 7 and 7 - 4 = 3 * *Teacher:* "Jacob, do you have a brother?" * *Jacob:* "Yes". * *Teacher:* "What's his name?" * *Jacob:* "Matthew". * *Teacher*: "Does Matthew have a brother?" * *Jacob:* "Yes". ## Cognitive Milestone Elementary-aged children encountered developmental milestones. They develop certain skills within a particular time frame. ## Information Processing Skills **Image:** A flow chart is shown showing a visual representation of how information is processed from sensory memory, to short-term memory, and through to long-term memory. # Socio-Emotional Development ## Erik Erikson's Fourth Stage of Psychosocial Development **Industry vs. Inferiority** - **Industry**: A child's involvement in situations where long, patient work is demanded of them. - **Inferiority:** A feeling created when a child gets the feeling of failure. ## Understanding The Self One's self-concept is the knowledge about the self such as beliefs regarding personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals and roles. It involves a sense of belonging and acceptance, a sense of good and being capable of doing good. **Image: A young boy is being helped by another boy to get up after he falls. ** # School Years ## Transition from Pre-Elementary to Primary School ### Building Friendships “What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies.” - Aristotle ### Peer Groups Children who belong approximately to the same age group and same social economic status. ## Antisocial Behavior - Expose the children to kid-rich environment. - Create a play group with their classmates. - When children hit other, remind them that their behavior hurts others. - Coordinate with parents and other teachers. # Self-Control **Image: A collage of children playing and engaging in activities. This includes children playing games, doing schoolwork, and enjoying recess. **