Bio Notes - General Information PDF
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These are notes on general biological information including cell theory and the work of Robert Hooke. The document covers cells, their structures, and the basic functions involved.
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Bionotes ---------------------------------------------------------------------- General information Cell theory All living beings are made...
Bionotes ---------------------------------------------------------------------- General information Cell theory All living beings are made up of one or more cells Cells are the building blocks of life Every cell comes from another cell (cell reproduction) There are different cells with different functions The cell contains the information (DNA) necessary for its functioning and reproduction Robert Hooke and his relation to cells Robert Hooke carried out experiments using microscopes he had built. It is because of Hooke's descriptions that we use the word cell today The word cell comes from the Latin word cellulae which means small rooms The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things Cells of animals and plants Plant and animal cells are composed of a number of small structures. The small structures are called Organites (organelles in english) Organelles have individual functions but they cooperate to contribute to the cell's vital processes Some of these structures may look slightly different (e.g., vacuole size may vary) depending on the cell Parts of a cell Cell membranes raps W the contents of the cell. The cell membrane acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the passage of materials, such as nutrients and wastes, into and out of the cell. (eg: walls of a house) Cytoplasm onstitutes C the majority of the volume of the cell volume. The organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm and the materials circulate through it (similar to jello) Nucleus ontrol C center of the cell. The nucleus stores the genetic information that regulates all functions of a cell Vacuole sed U as reservoirs. Water and nutrients, such as sugar are stored in the vacuole. Vacuoles are also used to store waste which is then eliminated with excess water. Endoplasmic Reticulum orms F a network of channels. It is not these channels that substances reach the parts of the cell or leave the cell (similar to roads) The Mitochondria reak B down nutrients to provide energy to the cell through chemical reactions Cells only found in plants The cell wall tructure S that envelops plant cells and provides them with support and protection (similar to the fence of a house) Chloroplasts reen G organelles found only in plant cells. It is in the chloroplasts that photosynthesis takes place. Miscellaneous Analogies for every part of the cell Nucleus - The brain Mitochondria - The furnace Cytoplasm - Interior of a house Cell membrane - Doors and windows of a house Vacuole - The warehouse The cell wall - The fence around the house The chloroplast - The kitchen
