General Biology 1 Class Notes PDF

WELCOME TO GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 CLASS! MS. ANGELYN T. MIRONES, LPT  Today, you will... Explain the postulates of the cell theory Recognize the proponents of the cell theory. Connect the structure and functions of major components and organelles to the appearance a...

WELCOME TO GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 CLASS! MS. ANGELYN T. MIRONES, LPT  Today, you will... Explain the postulates of the cell theory Recognize the proponents of the cell theory. Connect the structure and functions of major components and organelles to the appearance and function of the cell or tissues.  What do you see? Guide questions: 1. What do you see? 2.What common characteristics do all these living organisms have? 3.Can you list down or doodle all the common characteristics of these organisms possess?  One brick has no...but bricks, when combined significant purpose... together, become useful. Similar to bricks, cells, when combined together, perform necessary functions  A cell is the smallest unit of a What is a living thing. It is the basic cell? building block of all living organisms. plant cell animal cell  Cell Basic and fundamental unit of life, it possesses a highly organized structure that enables it to carry out its vital functions.  Humans have about 37.2 trillion cells! What is Humans are multicellular organisms. a cell? A living thing may be made Euglena is a of one cell (a unicellular unicellular organism) or many cells (a organism. multicellular organism). Different scientists paved the way to propose theories about cells, the structural and functional unit of life. Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Zacharias Janssen (1585–1632) invented the first primitive microscope.  The Light Microscope Cell sizes can vary from about 0.001 mm to 0.1 mm long. To see cells up close, we use a light microscope. It provides a magnified image of small structures and samples.  Parts of a Light Microscope Try to label all the main parts of a light microscope. coarse adjustment wheel objective lenses eyepiece aperture fine adjustment wheel mirror/light source stage rotating nose  Parts of eyepiece rotating coarse a Light nose adjustment wheel objective lenses Microscope stage fine adjustment wheel To use the microscope well, aperture you must be familiar with its mirror/light main parts. source How to Use a Step 1: Microscope Turn the light microscope on, move the mirror to reflect the light up If you have never used a light towards the eyepiece and check microscope before, this handy that the aperture is wide open. guide will explain how it’s done! Step 2: Turn the revolving nosepiece so the lowest objective lens is pointing directly down. How to Use a Microscope Step 3: Place your specimen If you have never used a light onto the stage. microscope before, this handy guide will explain how it’s done! Step 4: Look into the eyepiece and slowly rotate the coarse adjustment wheel to bring your specimen into focus. How to Use a Step 5: Microscope Slowly rotate the fine adjustment wheel until you obtain a clearer If you have never used a light image of your specimen. microscope before, this handy guide will explain how it’s done! Step 6: Examine and explore your specimen, holding still or moving the slide slowly with your thumbs. How to Use a Microscope What are the things you would like to If you have never used a light microscope before, observe under a this handy guide will explain how it’s done! microscope? Step 7: Once you have seen enough, switch to the medium and the high-power objective lens. Use the fine adjustment wheel to bring the specimen into focus as necessary. Tracing the Path of Light Look at the diagram of a microscope shown here. Using your finger, track the path of the rays of light from the source to the eyes of the observer. In line with your answer above, why is it necessary for specimens to be very thin? Tracing the Path of Light Light rays go through the aperture, to the specimen, to the objective lens, then to the eyepiece and into the eye. But remember, light rays bend as they pass through the lenses, allowing the image to be magnified. The main idea of a light microscope is for the light rays to go through the specimen! So, specimens must be thin enough for the light to pass through. Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632– 1723) he discovered bacteria and called it animalcules. Figure 3. (a) Rotifers, hydra and vorticellids associated with a duckweed root, from a Delft canal. From Leeuwenhoek. (b) Bacteria from Leeuwenhoek's mouth; the dotted line portrays movement. - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4360124/ Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Robert Hooke (1635–1703) observed cork cells under a microscope. Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) proposed that all plants are composed of cells. Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) proposed that all animals are composed of cells. Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory Francesco Redi (1626–1697) disproved the spontaneous generation theory.  Based on the study of the scientists, what are the theories of cell?  Every living organism consists of one or more cells. Organism may be unicellular (left) or multicellular (right) based on their level of complexity.  The cell is the fundamental unit of life. It is the smallest structural and functional unit in all organisms.  Cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to their daughter cells when they divide. Study the timeline and answer the questions given. Once done, pass the paper and will answer it orally thru a game. 1. What three statements describe the cell theory? 2. When Hooke first used the term cell, did he intend to have it apply to living material? Explain your answer. 3. What do you think were the evidences when Virchow postulated that all new cells arise from existing cells? 4. How did Virchow’s idea contributed to the formation of the cell theory? 5. What can we learn from the history of the discovery of cells and the development of cell theory? GOOD LUCK! A GAMIFIED CLASSROOM INTERACTIVE QUIZ 1. There are 5 brief cases to choose. 2. Each briefcase contain question. 3. The player will choose a brief case number and will be given a chance to say deal or no deal. 4. Once the player say deal, it means the player will answer the question, if the player says no deal, the player will dance in front. Points  What do you think were the End 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 evidences when Virchow postulated that all new cells arise from existing cells? BACK End 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What three statements describe the cell theory? BACK  10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 End How did Virchow’s idea contributed to the formation of the cell theory? BACK  When Hooke first used the term cell, did 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 End he intend to have it apply to living material? Explain your answer. BACK  What can we learn from the history 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 End of the discovery of cells and the development of cell theory? BACK  LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1: FINDING CELLS- PLANT VS ANIMAL CELL Form a group of 5 and answer the worksheet provided. Part A: Plant Cell: Onion Skin Wet Mount Part B. Animal Cell: Cheek Cell  LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1: FINDING CELLS- PLANT VS ANIMAL CELL PICTURE ANALYSIS 1. What the requirements of the city would be in order for it to function? 2. What generates power for the city? Relate this to the function of the mitochondria and the chloroplast. 3. How does it minimize its waste? How does the city handle its garbage? Relate this to the function of the lysosome. 4. The city requires raw materials to process into food, clothing, and housing materials. Where are these raw materials processed? Relate this to the functions of the Golgi Apparatus. In your notebook, using 3…2…1…, complete the table. 3 THINGS YOU LEARNED THIS WEEK 2 QUESTIONS YOU HAVE IN MIND 1 THINGS YOU WILL ALWAYS REMEMBER