Study Questions Part 1-Korrektur.pdf

International Experience: Study Questions Part 1 1.1 Culture and Cultural Standards 1 How many definitions had Kroeber and over 100 over 150 over 1000 over 10 Kluckhorn found by 1952? 2 What do all researchers, dealing with All r...

International Experience: Study Questions Part 1 1.1 Culture and Cultural Standards 1 How many definitions had Kroeber and over 100 over 150 over 1000 over 10 Kluckhorn found by 1952? 2 What do all researchers, dealing with All researchers All researchers All researchers the concept of culture on a theoretical agree that culture agree that culture agree that culture basis, have in common? is a human-made is clearly defined. covers a very interpretation of broad field. the environment. 3 Read the following two statements. A B A and B none Which of them would you consider to fit best? A: Culture is a universal phenomenon. B: Culture creates a structured environment within which a population can function. 4 Read the following two statements. A B A and B none Which of them would you consider to fit best? A: Culture is a specific phenomenon. B: Culture creates a structured environment within which a population can function. 5 Read the following two statements. A B A and B none Which of them would you consider to fit best? A: Culture is a universal phenomenon. B: Culture is manifested in a system of orientation typical to a country, society, organization or group. 6 Read the following two statements. A B A and B none Which of them would you consider to fit best? A: Culture has an influence on the perception, thought patterns, judgment and action of all members of a given society. B: Culture is defined as national entity, which provides its members with a sense-giving system of orientation. 7 Every individual grows into the social It takes place in It takes place in It takes place network, this is called the socialisation early childhood. certain life phases. throughout life. process. When does the socialization process take place? 8 When does the success of the At the end of an When an When an When an individual acts socialization process or inculturation individual`s life. individual acts in individual acts in in accordance with become evident? accordance with accordance with his/her worldview and his/her worldview. his worldview and this behaviour is shared, this behaviour is understood and accepted shared, by other individuals from understood and another social network. accepted by other individuals within a given social network.  9 According to Alexander Thomas, One`s own and The individual and Cultural standards Forms of behavior that cultural standards can be defined on other unfamiliar group-specific way provide a exceed this specific range the basis of specific indicators. Which behavior is of applying regulatory are accepted by of the following statements does not directed, regulated cultural standards function for respective collective. belong to these indicators? and judged on the to adjust behavior mastering a given basis of the can fluctuate situation and cultural standard. within a range of dealing with tolerance. people. 10 What is meant by seniority The elderly are The elderly are The elderly are The elderly are not orientation? treated with treated with treated with treated with reverence reverence and reverence and reverence and and social respect at all. special respect not special respect social respect in all only within their within their own aspects of public own family, but family. life but not within also in all aspects their own family. of public life, regardless of their social status, personal fame or personality.  11 What are cultural standards for? Cultural standards Cultural standards Cultural standards are indicative of an provide insight are helpful in entire culture. into what makes navigating and up the respective accumulating culture as a whole. knowledge about the other system of orientation and serve to explain unexpected and unfamiliar behavior on the part of the interaction partner. 12 What improves the chances of Well-founded Well-founded Well-founded Well-founded knowledge realistically perceiving other-culture knowledge of knowledge of the knowledge of the of cultural standards behavoir and of adequately reading cultural standards. other-culture one`s own cultural together with the ability characteristic signals of one`s own and standards. standards. to deal with both one`s other-culture systems of orientation? own and other-culture standards. 1.2 Cultural Dimensions 1 Who was a pioneer in the research about cultural Geert Richard R. Edward Tylor Gerhard Winter dimensions? Hofstede Gesteland 2 Which of the following dimensions does not belong to Power People- Individualism/ Uncertainty the four fundamental cultural dimensions? distance /Nature Collectivism Avoidance Orientation 3 Read the following two statements. Which of them A B A and B none would you consider to fit best? A: High contact cultures are cultures that display considerable interpersonal closeness or immediacy, because people in these countries touch more, stand closer and prefer more sensory stimulation. B: Low-contact cultures are cultures where people prefer more sensory involvement. 4 Read the following two statements. Which of them A B A and B none would you consider to fit best? A: People in individualistic cultures are more distant. B: People in collectivistic cultures have a more fixed social network. 5 Which of the following features does not represent Relationships Both men and Material success Conflicts are feminine cultures? are important. women deal is a dominant solved by with facts and value. compromise. feelings. 6 A culture, where men and women`s roles in society are … an …a … a masculine … a feminine clearly designated is called …. individualistic collectivistic culture. culture. culture. culture. 7 Who developed the dimensions of space, time and Geert Richard R. Edward Tylor Edward T. Hall communication? Hofstede Gesteland 8 Which culture tends to have a lower tolerance Monochronic Polychronic Low Context High Context threshold when it comes to changes in timing, Culture Culture Culture Culture scheduling and other interruptions? 9 Which culture spans many different levels in pursuing Monochronic Polychronic Low Context High Context their intended communicative action, any number of Culture Culture Culture Culture which can occur simultaneously? 10 Read the following two statements. Which of them A B A and B none would you consider to fit best? A: E.T. Hall differentiates between the so-called "low-context" and "high-context" communication. B: The adjectives "low" and "high" refer to the extent to which the non- linguistic context in a given situation is included in a conversation. 11 Who developed the dimensions of the relationship of Geert Richard R. Fons Edward T. Hall human beings to time, their relationship to nature and Hofstede Gesteland Trompenaars their interaction with others? 12 Which of the following cultural dimensions of Fons Universalism/ Individualism/ Neutral/ Specificity/ Trompenaars is nearly identical to that of Geert Particularism Collectivism Affective Diffuseness Hofstede`s? 13 According to Fons Trompenaars, for which cultural Universalism/ Neutral/ Specificity/ Ascription/ dimension does the following description fit? “This Particularism Affective Diffuseness Achievement dimension shows to what extend the public expression of feelings and emotions is prevalent.” 14 According to Fons Trompenaars, for which cultural Universalism/ Neutral/ Specificity/ Ascription/ dimension does the following description fit? “This Particularism Affective Diffuseness Achievement dimension describes the situation in which individuals interrelate.” 15 According to Fons Trompenaars, for which cultural Universalism/ Neutral/ Specificity/ Ascription/ dimension does the following description fit? “This Particularism Affective Diffuseness Achievement dimension shows what factors determine social standing in a culture.” 16 According to Fons Trompenaars, for which cultural dimension does the following description fit? “This dimension shows to what extent universally valid laws Universalism/ Neutral/ Specificity/ Ascription/ and regulations prevail in universalistic societies.” Particularism Affective Diffuseness Achievement 17 Please read the following two statements. Which of them would you consider to fit best? A: According to Fons Trompenaars, in the first case of people-nature orientation, nature is seen as a sort of power in its own right, independent of human interference that requires constant confrontation. B: According to Geert Hofstede, in the second case of people-nature orientation, man sees himself as part of nature instead of its opponent, whose mission is to adapt to nature in order to co-exist in harmony. A B A and B none 18 Please read the following statements. Which of them A B A and B none would you consider to fit best? A: Trompenaars differentiates between two orientation forms with regard to time: cultures with past orientations and cultures with future orientations. B: Trompenaars differentiates between three orientation forms with regard to time: cultures with past orientations, cultures with future orientations and cultures with present orientations. 19 What characterizes the cultural dimensions, developed According to According to According to by the French researcher, Jacques Demorgon? Demorgon, all Demorgon, all Demorgon, all dimensions dimensions dimensions are are are characterized by characterized characterized opposites. by two by a division opposing into good and poles. bad. 20 Which of the following cultural dimensions of Jacques Action Attention Communication Motivation Demorgon is related to E.T. Hall`s differentiation orientation mode between monochronic and polychronic patterns of time? 21 Which one of Demorgon`s cultural dimensions do the Action Attention Communication Motivation two opposite poles "centered and diffuse" describe? orientation mode 22 Which one of Demorgon`s cultural dimensions do the Action Attention Communication Motivation two opposite poles "explicit and implicit" describe? orientation mode 23 Which one of Demorgon`s cultural dimensions do the Action Attention Communication Motivation two opposite poles "objective and subjective" orientation content describe? 24 Which one of Demorgon`s cultural dimensions do the Action Attention Communication Motivation two opposite poles "task-related orientation and orientation content relationship orientation" describe? 25 Please read the following statement. What does it The issue of The problem The problem of The issue of areas describe? Those who, like Geert Hofstede, set up an one- of perspective level axis with the extremes, "low power distance" and dimensionality "high power distance" at either pole and line up all countries along this axis, implicitly imply that hierarchical constellations all over the world differ only in relation to the degree to which the existing power distances are accepted. 26 Please read the following statement. What does it The issue of The problem The problem of The problem of describe? If unusual forms of action are repeatedly one- of perspective level areas observed, one might ask if the observed behavior is dimensionality shown by an individual, a small group of individuals or by a specific social class or if it is a phenomenon that can be observed throughout all groups and subcultures of a nation.  27 Please read the following statement. What does it The issue of The problem The problem of The problem of describe? Even if specific modes of behavior can be one- of perspective level history observed in all areas of life and social groups, they can dimensionality still be situational snapshots taken under conditions of force or necessity, for example, in connection with war or the collapse of the economy. 1.3 Hofstede: Cultural Dimensions 1 In the 1970s Geert Hofstede conducted a large Ethical-related value Work-related value Religious-related research project, what was it about? patterns of patterns of value patterns of intercultural intercultural intercultural employees employees employees 2 What did Geert Hofstede develop? stereotypes cultural dimensions culture cultural strategies 3 What describes the cultural dimension Power It examines the It examines the It examines the It examines the extent Distance? extent to which a extent to which a extent to which a to which a culture weak hierarchical strong hierarchical culture accepts accepts unequal power system is built within system is built equal power distribution. a culture. within a culture. distribution. 4 Please read the following statement. What does it Low power distance High power distance Moderate power None represent? Power is seen as a basic fact in society and cultures. cultures. distance cultures. stress coercive or referent power. Control and influence is concentrated in the hands of a few. 5 Please read the following statement. What does it Low power distance High power distance Moderate power None represent? Power should be used only when it is cultures. cultures. distance cultures. legitimate, control and influence is equally distributed. 6 Please read the following example: After taking over a Power distance Immediacy Uncertainty Context British investment bank, German bankers in the Avoidance corporate finance department were surprised to find out that their British partners were earning considerably more than them and that the team was frequently changing, with senior staff being recruited by rival banks. Most of the German team had been in the Bank since the beginning of their careers and would not consider a change to a rival bank, even if they were offered more money. Which part of non- verbal communication does this illustrate? 7 Which of the following features does not represent Uncertainty is a Motivation by Tolerance of There should not be weak uncertainty avoidance cultures? normal feature of life. security. innovative ideas. more rules than necessary. 8 Which one of the following countries is an example Singapore Denmark Great Britain Japan for a strong uncertainty avoidance culture? 9 Which of the following dimensions is described by the Individualism/ Power Distance Uncertainty Masculinity and following explanation: “It shows to what extent the Collectivism Avoidance Femininity members of a culture define themselves as part of a social network and how committed they are to this network.” 10 Which of the following dimensions is described by the Individualism/ Power Distance Uncertainty Masculinity and following explanation: “It shows to what extent Collectivism Avoidance Femininity unclear and ambiguous situations create feelings of insecurity and anxiety in a culture.” 11 Which of the following dimensions is described by the Individualism/ Power Distance Uncertainty Masculinity and following explanation: “It shows to what extent Collectivism Avoidance Femininity gender roles are delineated and predefined.” 12 A culture having stable and binding social structures … culture with a high … culture with a low … culture with … culture with weak over generations and resisting change, is defined as a degree of long-term degree of long-term strong uncertainty uncertainty avoidance. …. orientation. orientation. avoidance. 13 Why is Geert Hofstede’s work acknowledged beyond Because it is true. Because it is a Because it is the field of academic and has found much resonance subject of much practical. with individuals active internationally? debate. 14 Which of the following descriptions does not fit for Good and evil are Traditions can be Common sense and The superior person long-term oriented societies? absolute changed choosing the middle adapts to the way circumstances 15 Which of the following descriptions does not fit for Good and evil are Traditions can be Fixed norms apply Religious and short-term oriented societies? absolute changed always, whatever ideological the circumstances fundamentalisms 16 Which of the following descriptions does not fit for Less moral discipline A perception of Pessimism Leisure ethic Indulgent societies? personal life control 17 Which of the following descriptions does not fit for Less sports Stricter moral Pessimism Leisure ethic Restrained societies? participation discipline 1.4 Hofstede: Developing an international perspective Which of the following statements is a basis for effective A B A and B None cooperation with people in and from other nations? A: Speaking of having learned a shared language. B: Acting according to shared rules and standards. 1 2 Read the following two statements. Which of them would you A B A and B None consider to fit best? A: According to Geert Hofstede, there are substitutes for personal international experience to gain an international perspective. B: We should develop skills for "translating" between cultures, according to Geert Hofstede.  3 According to Geert Hofstede`s research, there are six basic 1. How much 1. How important 1. How much 1. How much problems for each society. These six basic problems are… (in)equality should is religion in the (in)equality should (in)equality should there be among us? society? there be among us? there be among us? 2. How afraid are 2. How afraid are 2. How afraid are 2. How afraid are we of unknown we of unknown we of unknown we of unknown people, ideas and people, ideas and people, ideas and people, ideas and objects? objects? objects? objects? 3. How dependent 3. How dependent 3. How important is 3. How dependent are we on our are we on our religion in the are we on our (extended) family? (extended) family? society? (extended) family? 4. How should a 4. How should a 4. How should a 4. How important is man or a woman man or a woman man or a woman religion in the feel? feel? feel? society? 5. Do we focus on 5. Do we focus on 5. Do we focus on 5. Do we focus on the future, the the future, the the future, the the future, the present or the present or the present or the present or the past? past? past? past? 6. May we have fun 6. May we have fun 6. May we have fun 6. May we have fun or is life a serious or is life a serious or is life a serious or is life a serious matter? matter? matter? matter? 1.5 World Values Survey A worldwide investigation of A worldwide A worldwide sociocultural and A worldwide investigation of investigation of political investigation of 1 What is the World Values Survey? business ethics. economic progress. change. inequality. Individual face-to-face What kind of methodology is used in the World Values or telephone Computer 2 Survey? interviews Group interviews simulations Literature review  How many questions are there in the World Values 3 Survey questionnaire? About 10 About 100 About 150 More than 250 An analysis of the World Values Survey data made by the political scientists, Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel supports the claim that there are two major dimensions of cross cultural Individual values Traditional values Company values Environmental values variation in the world. How is one of these dimensions versus collective versus secular- versus personal versus business 4 called? values. rational values. values. values. An analysis of the World Values Survey data made by the political scientists, Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel supports the claim, that there are two major dimensions of cross cultural Individual values Environmental Company values variation in the world. How is one of these dimensions versus collective values versus versus personal Survival values versus 5 called? values. business values. values. self-expression values. Which statement is correct? A: Following a transit from development country via industrialization to post-industrial knowledge society, a country tends to shift from traditional toward secular-rational values. B: Following a transit from a developing country via industrialization to a post-industrial knowledge society, a country tends to shift from secular-rational values toward traditional 6 values. A B Both None Which attribute corresponds to the dimension "traditional values" derived by the political scientists, Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel from the World Deference to Less emphasis on Divorce is seen as Less emphasis on 7 Values Survey? authority. religion. relatively acceptable. traditional family.  Which attribute corresponds to the dimension "secular-rational values" derived by the political Emphasizing the scientists, Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel from Deference to Less emphasis on importance of 8 the World Values Survey? authority. religion. Divorce is rejected. traditional family. Rising demands for Which attribute corresponds to the dimension participation in "Survival values" derived by the political scientists, High priority to High priority to decision-making in Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel from the World environmental growing tolerance economic and Emphasis on economic 9 Values Survey? protection. of foreigners. political life. and physical security.