Science, Technology & Society PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY TECHNOLOGY came from the Greek TOPIC 1: words “techne and logos”. Techne means art, Nature And Relationship of Science, skill, craft or the way, manner or m...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY TECHNOLOGY came from the Greek TOPIC 1: words “techne and logos”. Techne means art, Nature And Relationship of Science, skill, craft or the way, manner or means by which a thing is gained. Logos means word, Technology and Society the utterance by which inward thought is expressed, a saying or an expression. SCIENCE originally came from the Latin word "Scientia" which means knowledge, Technology is: knowing expertness or experience. - The application of sclertid knowledge for practical purposes. - The hardship of the people. Science: - The new things you can do when you - Is the systematic study of structure and have found something out or the actual behaviour of the physical and natural doing of things. world through observation and - The aggregation of capabilities, experiment. facilities, skills, knowledge and - Is the careful study of the structure and organization required to successfully behaviour of physical world, especially create a useful science or product. by watching, measuring, and doing - The application or use of new experiment and the development of knowledge is motivational by social theories to describe the results of these demands that are potentially addressed activities by nature. - Sometimes it means a social method of - As explained by physicist Lewis finding things out. Sometimes it means Branscomb technology is the the body of knowledge airing from the aggregation of capabilities, facilities, things found out. skills, knowledge, and organization. - It is the organization of knowledge in such a way that it commands more of the hidden potential in nature. SOCIETY term in the 19th century and - According to Cambridge definition, new derived from the French “Société”. The French knowledge is obtained of "watching, word in term had its origin in Latin societas, in measuring and doing experiments" a friendly association with others. form socins - Likewise Feynman, considers science meaning "companion, associate, comrade or as "a special method of finding things business partner" out". - At the same time the mathematician Jacob Bronowski emphasizes Some definition: "organization of our knowledge is such - The aggregate of people living together that we can unearth the secrets of in a more less ordered community. nature" - Basic Research is a distinctive feature Society is: of science. - The community of people living in a - Basic research provides fundamental particular country or region and having information about the nature, properties, shared, customs, laws, and and behavior of matter and energy and organization. it serves as a precursor to innovation. - The people in general live together in an - It also involves well through-out organized way, making decisions about experiments in biology, chemistry, earth what to do, and sharing the more that science, and physics which explicitly needs to be done. extend and enrich the existing body of knowledge in the fields. Technological development cheaply and in real time and enabling have given us amazing ways of communicating quickly, allowing groups of individuals to access information 1 cheaply and in real time and enabling timely health, education, and a clean interventures when needed. environment. - The planned increase of a country and GROWTH wealth. - Expansion of the output of the economy - The combination of method and social is usually expressed in terms of changes among the population which increase of national income. decides to increase its red and global - “An increase in the ability of the product, cumulatively and sustainably. economy or business to produce goods - The role of science and technology is and services” since national income related to economic development, may fluctuate from one period to the however its impact is not only confined next depending on temporary factors. to economic development but also to - A structural transformation of the noticed well-being. economy, from agriculture to manufacturing, from rural workforce to We need to address the concerns about an urban one. inequality and sustainability. The new tools in science and technology can be vital in search Economic Growth for solutions to mitigate inequality within - The expansion of the out part of an society through an industries development economy usually expressed in terms of agenda. increase of national income - An increase in the ability of the economy Science and technology can assist in or business to produce goods and procindicy a world map to promote resources sustainability by minimizing harm to the - A structural transformation of the environment. economy from agriculture of manufacturing from rural workforce to Programs have been launched to address an urban one. inequality and sustainability the millennium - Growth is usually measured as a development. certain percentage increase in the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national THE 8 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS income (GNI), or in per capita output or 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. income in a country 2. Achieve universal primary education. - Growth is considered by economists to 3. Promote gender equality and empower women. 4. Reduce child mortality. provide resources to address the basic 5. Improve maternal health. needs of the societies. 6. Combat aids, HIV, malaria, and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. Science and technology with the use of 8. Global partnership for development. research may regenerate pads, theories, and options in support of decision making but the final word ultimately comes from the leadership in both public and business spheres. DEVELOPMENT an economic of transformation of a country or region that leads to the improvement of well being and economic capabilities of its residents Development is: - The need and how to provide better lives for people in poor countries. It includes not only economic growth but also human development, providing for 2 TOPIC 2: ☆ BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION Historical Antecedents in the - Babylonian civilization flourished near course of STS the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. ♡ Ancient Civilization 1. HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON People in ancient times were able to - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon discover and invent things that would impact are considered one of the seven the lives of modern people. wonders of the ancient world. - They were fabled gardens built ☆SUMERIAN by King Nebuchadnezzar II for - Sumerian Civilization emerged in the his wife, Queen Amytis. southernmost tip of ancient mesopotamia. 2. ASTRONOMY - They had an usual flair for technological - Babylonians introduced the use invention. of constellations to determine the - They invented a wide range of weather, climate, and seasons. technology and perfected the - They also studied the use of large-scale use of existing ones. celestial bodies such as the moon, the stars, and the sun to 1. CUNEIFORM predict future events. - First writing system that utilize word pictures and triangular symbols. ☆ EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION 2. CITY OF URUK - Paper made from papyrus was the main - It is considered the first true city writing material in ancient Egypt. in the world. - The Sumerians used sun-baked 1. PAPER OR PAPYRUS AND INK bricks, mud or clay mixed with - Papyrus (cyperus papyrus) was a reeds to build the city. plant which once grew in 3. THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR abundance, along the Nile River - A distinct architectural feature of in Egypt. Mesopotamia (modern-day Iran 2. PYRAMID OF GIZA and Iraq) - Egyptian civilization is located in - The temple on its top was built ancient North Africa. around 2100 BCE by the king - This civilization built many Ur-Nammu of the Third Dynasty engineering feats such as the of Ur for the moon goddess pyramids, temples, and tombs. Nanna. 3. HIEROGLYPHICS 4. WHEEL - The hieroglyphics, also called the - Sumerians constructed the first holy writings, was one of the wheels by inserting rotating axles writing systems used by ancient into solid discs of wood. Egyptians. 5. IRRIGATION AND DIKES 4. COSMETICS - Sumerians created dikes and - Egyptians wore kohl as a irrigation canals to bring water to cosmetic to darken their eyes and farmlands and at the same time to prevent and even cure eye control the flooding of the rivers. ailments. 6. PLOW - It was created by mixing - The plow was invented to dig the malachite with mineral galena. ground where seeds would be 5. WIG planted. - During the ancient Egyptian - This tool helped them to mass times, wigs were worn for health produce food without taking so and wellness rather than much effort and time. aesthetic purposes. 3  6. WATER CLOCK OR CLEPSYDRA 2. BOUND BOOKS OR CODEX - The water clock or clepsydra - With the papyrus pages bound Invented by Amenemhet, was an together and covered by animal ancient device for measuring time skin, the ancient Roman by gradual flow of water. civilization was able to produce the first books or codex. 3. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE ☆ GREEK CIVILIZATION - The Roman government was - The Greek civilization has contributed able to implement projects such much to the world, especially in the as large churches (cathedrals fields of science and technology. and basilicas), aqueducts, - Its origins were in the Land of Greece coliseums, and amphitheatres. and the islands of the Aegean Sea. 4. ROMAN NUMERALS - Romans devised their own 1. ALARM CLOCK number system to address the - The ancient Greek alarm clock need for a standard counting used water or sometimes small method that would meet their stones or sand that dropped into increasing communication and drums which sounded the alarm. trade concerns. Plato was believed to have utilized an alarm clock to signal the start of his lecture. ☆ CHINESE CIVILIZATION 2. WATER MILL - China is located in the far east of Asia. - The Chinese civilization is the oldest - Watermills were used in civilization in Asia. agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary 1. SILK form of food processing during - The Chinese were the ones who that time. developed the technology to 3. ARCHIMEDES' SCREW harvest the silk which is naturally - Invented by Archimedes. The produced by silkworms and Archimedes screw was on process it to produce paper and efficient way to move water up a clothing. hill. 2. GREAT WALL OF CHINA 4. BIOLOGY - The Great Wall of China is said to - Aristotle introduced the idea of be the largest and most extensive classifying animals according to infrastructure that the nation built. their different characteristics 3. TEA PRODUCTION - He is often referred to as the - Tea production was developed father of zoology when an unknown Chinese 5. CARTOGRAPHY Inventor created a machine that - Cartography is the study and was able to shred tea leaves into practice of making maps. strips. - Anaximader was one of the first 4. PRINTING PRESS pioneer cartographers to create a - Johann Gutenberg invented the map of the world. printing press. He used wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits attached to them a ☆ ROMAN CIVILIZATION metal impression of the letters - Roman civilization emerged from the and pressed firmly the cast metal city of Rome in modern day, Italy. into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on the 1. NEWSPAPER (gazettes) paper. - Romans introduced the first newspapers known as gazettes. 4  the development of more ♡ Middle Age complex processing machines The start of the middle ages was marred like the computer. by massive invasions and migrations. Wars were prevalent during this time ♡ Philippine Invention The Philippines also contributes to the 1. GUN POWDER global advancement of science and technology. - The gunpowder was developed Many of the discoveries and inventions made by Chinese alchemists by mixing by the Filipinos were built from Indigenous charcoal, sulfur, and potassium materials to adapt to the harsh tropical nitrate. environment. 2. MICROSCOPE - Zacharias Janssen developed 1. SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS the first compound microscope TRICYCLE 3. TELESCOPE - 100 Technologies headed by - The invention of the telescope, - Dominic N. Chung, an optical instrument that helps in - Lamberto Armada, together with the observation of remote - Chief Designer Victor ‘Atoy’ objects, was a great help for Llave invented the Salamander navigators during this time. on amphibious tricycle that can - The telescope was first patented cross flooded streets, rivers, and in 1608 by Hans Lippershey. lakes 4. WAR WEAPONS 2. SALT LAMP - Crossbows, longbows, and - A young Filipina inventor named chainmail were presented during Aisa Mejino invented a lighting the Middle Ages. system that utilizes salt water. - She invented the Sustainable ♡ Modern Age Alternative Lighting (SAL) lamp, The Modern Period covers human history an environmentally friendly light from the creation of a more global network to source that runs on saltwater. present day. - Dr. Fe del Mundo, a Filipino paediatrician and the first Asian 1. PASTEURIZATION woman admitted to Harvard - Louis Pasteur, a French Medical School invented a biologist microbiologist, and medical incubator made from chemist, invented pasteurisation indigenous and cheap materials. - It is the process of heating dairy 3. MOSQUITO OVICIDAL/LARVICIDAL products such as milk to kill the TRAP SYSTEM harmful bacteria that allow them - The Department of Science and to spoil faster. Technology Industrial Technology Development institute 2. PETROLEUM REFINERY (DOST-ITO) introduced a trap - Samuel M. Kier Invented system mode of natural kerosene by refining petroleum ingredients that are lethal to mosquitos but safe for humans 3. TELEPHONE and the environment, known as - The first telephone was invented the Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal by Alexander Graham Bell in Trap System (OL Trap). 1876. He made the first call on 4. E-JEEPNEY March 10, 1876 to his assistant, - This modern type of Thomas Watson transportation uses electricity 4. CALCULATOR instead of the more expensive - The creation of modern diesel. calculators did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in 5