Historical Perspective of Science and Technology in the Philippines PDF

Historical Perspectiv e of Science and Technolog y  Why is it important to bring back the past?  "A people who do not know their history are fated to repeat it." History is there for you to study and learn from so that the future can be improved upon. It is imp...

Historical Perspectiv e of Science and Technolog y  Why is it important to bring back the past?  "A people who do not know their history are fated to repeat it." History is there for you to study and learn from so that the future can be improved upon. It is important because history helps you understand the past to predict the future and help in creating it.  Give one word to describe Philippines during: Pre-colonial period Spanish Era American Era Japanese Era Why Life Was Better In Pre- Colonial Philippines?  Why Life Was Better In Pre-Colonial Philippines? Women enjoyed Society was more equal status with tolerant men.  Why Life Was Better In Pre-Colonial Philippines?  The people  Filipinos were self enjoyed a higher sufficient form of government.  Why Life Was Better In Pre-Colonial Philippines? We had smoother Our forefathers in the foreign relations. pre-colonial Philippines already possessed a working judicial and legislative system.  Why Life Was Better In Pre-Colonial Philippines? They had the know- Several professions how to make already existed. advanced weapons. Why Life Was Better In Pre-Colonial Philippines? The literacy rate We already had an was high. advanced civilization Philippines during the pre-colonial period  Survival is the main reason why Filipinos learned how to hunt, build a house, catch fish and make fire.  Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines  Pre -Colonial Period  Scientific knowledge is observed by the way they:  plant their crops to provide them food  Take care of animals to help them in their daily tasks  Prepare the soil for agricultural purposes  Use plants for medicinal purposes  Use alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar  Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climate and organizing days into months and years. Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of engineering Technology during Pre-colonial period  technology during pre colonial period is evident because people can:  build houses, irrigations  create musical instruments  develop tools for fighting during war and for transportation The use of technology was also evident in the: Handicrafts Pottery Weaving metal ware boats Metal Age  sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelries, ceramics and metal tools proved that the technological ideas helped in the development of different tools  Trading with China. Japan, Indonesia and other nearby countries have provided opportunities for technological and cultural exchange  Colonial Period Spanish Colonization  Life during the Spanish era became modernized adapting Western technology  introduced formal education and founded scientific institution  Introduced the concepts of subjects and discipline  Beginning of formal science and technology in the country (School of Science and Technology)  Science (focused on understanding concepts related to the human body, plants, animals and heavenly bodies)  Technology (focused on using and developing house tools; medicine and advanced science were introduced in colleges and universities-UST)  Spanish Era Philippines is one of the centers of global trade in Southeast Asia and is considered as one of the most developed places in the world Spanish also contributed to the field of engineering in the islands by constructing government buildings, churches, roads, bridges and forts. Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities due to the prospects of big profits – Galleon Trade  American Colonization Established public education system  Basic education focused on nature studies and science and sanitation  Science became a formal subject in schools Improved engineering works and health conditions of people Established modern research university, UP Created more public hospitals Explored mineral resources Improved transportation and communication system  Science during American Period Focused on: agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy  Not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade  Science during American Period Bureau of Government Laboratories was established to replace the Laboratorio Municipal  dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects. National Research Council of the Philippines was established in 1933  there is a lack of basic information which were necessities to the country's industries  lack of support of experimental work  minimal budget for scientific research  low salaries of scientists employed by the government Science during American Period Bureau of Science  through this Bureau, S&T in the Philippines was formed.  It mainly focused on agriculture, health and food processing.  the Bureau became effectively the training ground for Filipino scientist  However, due to the colonial economic policy, the development of industrial technology was largely neglected.  Science and Technology During World War II  development of the country was destabilized Institutions and public facilities were turned into ashes Government funds were focused on building some institutions and public facilities  The country used Overseas Development Allocations to help improve its scientific productivity and technological capability  Current state of Science and Technology in the Philippines  According to the Technology Index of 1982, the S&T in the Philippines is defined to be - 0.1 compared to the U.S., the world's technology leader, which is 100. Technology index - average of the sum of the number of patents and registration of new designs, technology trade, value added in manufacturing and the export of technology-intensive goods. Current state of Science and Technology in the Philippines State of Science and Technology  Current state of Science and Technology in the Philippines The Philippines also ranks low in terms of technological capacity.  shortage of scientists and engineers doing R&D (research and development)  inadequate national resources and budget devoted to R&D.  low number of personnel involved in R&D  lack of adequate research laboratories and facilities  lack of government support for science education All these factors translate to the minimal patents granted in the Philippines, which likewise indicates little or no economic significance.  Current state of Science and Technology in the Philippines  Science and technology agencies created by the Philippine government still do not serve the needs of the Filipino masses.  There has been little or no contribution to agriculture, our country's main mode production of which 75% of our population is engaged in. It has done nothing to spur rural industrialization, that which is very much needed by 85% of our population who reside in the countryside. To this day, we have yet to establish our basic industries--paper, cement and steel.  We have yet to efficiently develop our infrastructure, energy generation, transportation, communication, information technology, and basic services(utilities, healthcare, etc.)  Activity Give the important contributions of these Filipino Scientists in the field of science, technology society 1. 1-Ramon Barba 2. 1- Rafael Guerrero 3. 2- Dr. Edgardo Gomez 4. 2- Dr. Angel Alcala 5. 3-Dr. Fe del Mundo 6. 3- one other 7. 4 - Gregorio Zara 8. 4 – 1 modern 9. 5 - Eduardo San Juan 10. 5- 1 modern  Activity 2: Photo Story Video Groups: Explain the photo story. It Groups: ▪ 1 - Pre-Colonial Period should include: ▪ 2- Spanish Colonization Period Brief description of the Philippines during the given ▪ 31 -American ▪ - Pre-Colonial ColonizationPeriod Period ▪ 4 – Post Commonwealth Period period ▪ 2- Spanish Colonization State the significant contribution and impact of this Period period in the development of ▪ 3 -American science in the Philippines. Colonization Period ▪ 4 – Post Commonwealth Period ▪ 5 – Current Period