Science, Technology and Society PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY WEAPONS AND ARMORS. SCIENCE - Establishment of new alliances with other tribes....

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY WEAPONS AND ARMORS. SCIENCE - Establishment of new alliances with other tribes. - The human attempt to understand the natural world, with or without concern for practical uses - Stronger nations invade weaker ones so they could take much needed resources. of that knowledge. - The development of weapons and armors for security and protection was considered a major - Science tries to discover facts and relationships and then tries to create theories that make sense achievement. of these facts and relationships. EARLY HUNTING AND GATHERING TOOLS TECHNOLOGY - Establishment of new alliances with other tribes. - The human attempt to change the world, by creating products that can help people. - Slabs of bark were often used to gather nuts and berries and functioned as crude dishes or bowls. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN STS - Reproduction of fishing tackle and arrows believed to have been used around 8000 B.C. Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Age ANCIENT AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES Modern Times - Relief art on the walls of the tomb of Nefer Sakarra shows Egyptian workers harvesting crops Philippine Inventions and tending with rudimentary tools. INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ANCIENT SEAL. - Seals and stamps have been used to close agreements, record transactions, and authorize documents SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY - Raised rock pressed into wet clay or wax Explores for the purpose of knowing Explore for the purpose of making something EARLY AGRICULTURAL TOOLS. useful from that knowledge - Humans began farming about 12,000 years ago. Science drives technology by making new - The ability to control the food supply freed people from a nomadic lifestyle, which allowed for technology possible through scientific the beginning of cities and towns. breakthroughs WHEEL STRUCTURES. Without science technology could not proceed Without technology some science experiment - Considered one of the most important inventions in history. would no be possible - Roller bearings to help wheels to turn more smoothly were developed around 100 B.C. - Wheels were solid disks, but gradually evolved into the spoked design, which is both light & strong. Is a way of knowing Is a way of doing CATAPULT. - Worked like a giant slingshot, propelling large stones, javelins, and other objects over high STS IN ANCIENT TIMES walls, moats, and other barriers during ancient times. - From the beginning of time, man has strived to improve his way and quality of life. - The caveman discovered how to make and use tools, developed a logical sequence for ANCIENT CHARIOT. activities, and evolved processes that added value to his life. - Chariot racing was a popular pastime in ancient Greece and Rome, and was recorded as an - The totality of the use and application of his knowledge, skills, tools, and materials constitutes event in the ancient Olympic Games. “technology”. PHYTAGORAS TRANSPORTATION First true mathematician - People were trying to go to other places and discover new horizons. - Emphasized the study of mathematics as a means to understand all the relationships in the - Traveled to search for food and find better locations for their settlements. natural world. - Traveled to trade their surplus goods in exchange for things that they lack. - Phytagoreans ( his followers ) were the first to teach that earth is a sphere revolving around the - Navigation assisted them in journeys to unfamiliar and strange areas in the world sun. COMMUNICATION - Ancient people needed a way to communicate with natives of the area - Record-keeping to remember the places and document the trades. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS POLITICS AND SOCIETY Polish astronomers - Says that the earth and other planets revolve around a stationary sun FEUDAL SYSTEM - Along with the powers of the Church during the Medieval era, political power was a ARCHIMEDES combination of legal, economic, and military customs. - A greek mathematician and inventor - Feudalism, in which rulers granted land to lower nobility in return for military service, was the - Credited with important contribution to the development of physics prominent political system in central Europe. - He is known for applying science to everyday life, developing practical inventions such as the - The working class then provided labor for these vassals, nobles, and rulers in exchange for lever and the Screw. These simple machines have found uses as diverse as warfare and military protection. irrigation. - Archimedes supposedly discovered the principle of water displacement while taking a bath, CHARLEMAGNE shouting "Eureka!" when he realized why his body caused the level of the water to rise. - Has always been considered one of the greatest military leaders of all time. PLATO - Much of his strength came from his loyal army who dared not question his commands. - Plato, one of the most famous philosophers of ancient Greece, was the first to use the term philosophy, which means "love of knowledge." Born around 428 BC, TECHNOLOGICAL AND HEALTH ADVANCES - Plato investigated a wide range of topics. Chief among his ideas was the theory of forms, - In the Medieval era, the harnessing of animals for farming uses was relatively uncommon, with which proposed that objects in the physical world merely resemble perfect forms in the ideal only the oxen being a popular plow animal. world, and that only these perfect forms can be the object of true knowledge. - The use of oxen as draft animals allowed for more efficient plowing than by hand, since oxen - The goal of the philosopher, according to Plato, is to know the perfect forms and to instruct were known as being sturdy and reliable farm animals. others in that knowledge. - Although oxen were reliable and powerful draft animals, horses were known to have much higher stamina and overall strength. Because of this, people began using horses as draft ARISTOTLE animals who proved to be more efficient - A student of ancient Greek philosopher Plato, Aristotle shared his teacher's reverence for tools in farming human knowledge but revised many of Plato's ideas by emphasizing methods rooted in - To effectively harness a horse for farm work, a new collar had to be made to fit the horse’s observation and experience. neck and attach the heavy plow. - Aristotle surveyed and systematized nearly all the extant branches of knowledge and provided - Attachment of the heavy plow to the horse collar allowed for easier and more efficient farming the first ordered accounts of biology, psychology, physics, and literary theory. of a wide expanse of farmland, especially in harsh - In addition, Aristotle invented the field known as formal logic, pioneered zoology, and environments covered in solid earth addressed virtually every major philosophical problem known during his time. Known to medieval intellectuals as simply "the Philosopher." OPHTHALMOLOGY. - Aristotle is possibly the greatest thinker in Western history and, historically, perhaps the single - Novel surgical equipment and procedures for the resolution of Cataracts and trachoma were greatest influence on Western intellectual development developed. STS IN MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGE COUCHING - The Medieval time period is often referred to as the “Dark Ages” partly because of the notion Use of needle to remove cataracts. that it lacked scientific or technological advancement. - This is largely due to the rise of the Christian Church that took control of almost all aspects of MEDIEVAL DENTISTRY life including religious, government and scientific functions of the Roman Empire - As a societal norm, having fresh breath and attractive teeth was imperative. Rough linens and mixtures with cow bones were used to keep teeth clean. CONSTANTINE - who turned the religion into a structured institution of its own that unified the East and the ANTIBIOTICS West after the fall of the Roman Empire - Penicillin. CHIMNEY MECHANICAL CLOCK - It was a revolutionary achievement because its warmth allowed work to be done through winter - The mechanical clock was also able to tell time more accurately than any of the previous time months telling inventions. This made estimating longitude on ships a lot more reliable