STS Midterm Notes PDF
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Summary
These notes cover the history of science and technology, focusing on the contributions of various ancient civilizations, such as the Mayans, Incas, Aztecs, and Ancient China. Topics include advancements in areas like astronomy, medicine, and engineering, and their historical impact. It also mentions specific details like the Incan calendar and the development of specific inventions.
Full Transcript
**Mayan Civilization** - - Contribution to Science - - - - Haab - Tzolkin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Incan Civilization** - - - Road covered with stones - - Earthquake-r...
**Mayan Civilization** - - Contribution to Science - - - - Haab - Tzolkin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Incan Civilization** - - - Road covered with stones - - Earthquake-resistant architecture - - - Quipu (Khipu) - The Incan Calendar - - Innovative Irrigation Systems and Water - - The First Suspension Bridge - - - - Textiles - - - - Aztec - - - TEOTIHUACAN PYRAMID - Religion - - - Mandatory Education - - - - - Antispasmodic Medication - - - Chinampa - - - - - - - - - - - - Invention of Canoe - - - - - Chocolates - - - - - - - Aztec Calendar - - - - - Ancient China Shang Dynasty - - Acupuncture - Neijing - Herbal Medicines - Qi Gong and Tai Chi - - Earthquake Detector - - - Compass - - - - - Gnomon - - Mechanical Clock - - Decimal System - - Counting Rods - - Abacus - - - Anji Bridge - - - Dry Dock Facility - - Iron Smelting - - Porcelain - - Bronze Artifacts - - Wheel Barrow - - Iron Plough - - Seed Drill - Row crop farming - Tea - - Silk - - - Paper - - - Movable Type Printing - - Gunpowder - - Umbrella - - Toothbrush - - Paper money - - Kite - - - Africa - - - Ancient Tools - African Astronomy - Types of Calendar 1. - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - African Mathematics Lebombo Bones (35 000 BCE) - Ishango Bone (20 000 BCE) - - African Geometry - African Medicine - Ebers Papyrus - - Surgical tools - - African Metallurgy - Metal Tools - Middle East Muslims predominantly populate Middle East countries. The spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries brought a period of scholarship to the region. Access to Greek writings during the Byzantine Empire, and their proximity to India were contributors to the intellectual creation of the Muslims and provided their scholars a knowledge base to create innovations and develop new ideas. But experiments rather than plain thought experiments. This led to the introduction of the scientific method in the Muslim world. - **Ibn al-Haytham** - - **Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi** - - - **Jābir ibn Hayyān** - - **Ibn Sina (Avicenna)** - - India Metallurgy and Manufacturing - Ayurveda - - 5 elements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - - - Sushruta Samhita - Sushruta - - Indian Scholars made groundbreaking contributions to astronomy, including theories about the spherical Earth and the idea of a 360-day year, divided into 12 months of 30 days. Siddhanta Shiromani - Aryabhata - - - - Aryabhatiya - Madhava of Sangamagrama - Sangamagrama -
