Socialization PDF

**SOCIALIZATION** **Socialization** - Is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learn the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his and her social position. - Socialization teaches us how to behave and act within our society. -...

**SOCIALIZATION** **Socialization** - Is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learn the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his and her social position. - Socialization teaches us how to behave and act within our society. - The process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable like the values and customs of our society or social group. - Learning to get along with other people. - Is a process of mutual influence between a person and his fellowmen, a process that results in an acceptance of, and adaptation to, the patterns of social behavior. - **Socialization** is an important part of the process of personality formation in every individual. - It is true that genetics is the reason behind the structure of human personality, but **socialization** is the one that causes this personality to be molded to specific directions through the process of accepting or rejecting beliefs, attitudes and societal norms**.** - **Nature** - refers to the contribution of genetics to a given trait or condition of interest **Nurture** - refers to the environmental conditions and supports that influence or development as members of society **TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. **Primary Socialization** - Occurs early in a child's lifestyle and is primarily due to have an impact directly from the family and close friends. - Through fundamental socialization, a baby learns basic societal norms and customs. - Example: Mano or pagmamano as an \"honoring-gesture\" to the elders. 2. **Secondary Socialization** - Joining a club or organization in college, getting employed in a new workplace. - The child begins to attend school and develops relationships with peers and teachers. 3. **Anticipatory Socialization** - Learn about their group culture and what they should expect in the future. (Ex. Peers, friends, church) - **Example:** - Law school students learning how to behave like lawyers. - Mormon boys getting ready to become missionaries. **4. Professional or Developmental Socialization** - This process of socialization occurs during the early years of an individual\'s life. - It develops his skills and attitudes for the future and prepares him for the various roles and responsibilities that he will assume as an adult. - **Example:** - A shy senior high school student starts to teach English to new freshmen students in order to develop verbal communication - When an individual moves to a new group, he has to learn the new values and beliefs of the new group. - This process of re-socialization helps him to get used to the new ways of life. - **Example:** - Moving to another country,, with a different culture than where a person was born and bred, ad learning the new customs and norms. - When a person moves to a senior care center, goes to boarding school. - Starting a new job, wherein you need to learn the new workplace's norms and rules. - **CONTEXT OF SOCIALIZATION** **Context of Socialization** - Refers to the culture, language, social structures and one's position within that particular society. - It also includes history and the roles people and institutions around them performed in the past. - One\'s life context will significantly affect the socialization process. - For example, a family\'s economic class may have a huge impact on how parents socialize their children. - Rules or expectations that are socially enforced. - Generally, refer to what is standard, acceptable, or permissible behavior in a group or society. **The followings are forms of Social Norms.** 1. **FOLKWAYS** - These are the customary patterns that specify what is socially correct and proper in everyday life. - They are the repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed with in a group of community. **Example :** - Concept of appropriate dress - The practice of raising one's hand to take turns speaking in group. - Covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze 2. **MORES** - They define what is morally right and morally wrong. - These are folkways with ethical and moral significance which are strongly held and emphasized. - **Example:** Cheating, Lying, Gossiping, bullying 3. **LAWS** - These are norms that are enforced formally by a special political organization - Component of culture that regulates and controls the people behavior and conduct. - If someone violates a law, a state authority will impose a sanction, which can be as light as a payable fine or as severe as imprisonment. 4. **Status** - position that an individual can occupy in society (Newman, 2012). It is not ranked position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed. 5. **Values** - general conceptions of "the good", ideas about the kind of ends that people should pursue throughout their lives and throughout the many different activities in which they engage. - general conceptions of "the good", ideas about the kind of ends that people should pursue throughout their lives and throughout the many different activities in which they engage. 2. **TYPES OF STATUS** 1. **Achieved status** is one that a person has earned or chosen based on his/her abilities and hard work. This is usually signified by a certain profession, such as a professional athlete. 2. **Ascribed status** is not earned, and it is not something that people have control over. For instance, it can be ascribed to a person\'s race or sex. Also, it is not usually a choice in most matters **AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. **FAMILY** - **Family members can include parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. ** - **[The family](https://www.simplypsychology.org/first-agent-of-socialization.html)[ ]is the first and most important agent of socialization for children.** - **It is through families that people learn about culture and how to behave in a way that is acceptable to society.** 2. **SCHOOL** - Schools are an important secondary agent of socialization. - Most students spend most of the day at school, immersing themselves in both academic subjects and behaviors like teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks (Durkheim, 1898). - Schools generally transmit a set of standard knowledge and skills to students - Students are not in school only to study math, reading, science, and other subjects---the *manifest function* of this system. Schools also serve a* latent function in society by socializing children* into behaviors like practicing teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks. 3. **PEER GROUP** - A peer group is made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests. - Peer group socialization begins in the earliest years, such as when kids on a playground teach younger children the norms about taking turns, the rules of a game, or how to shoot a basket. As children grow into teenagers, this process continues. - Peer groups are important to adolescents in a new way, as they begin to develop an identity separate from their parents and exert independence. 4. **WORKPLACE** - Learning to behave properly within an occupation is a fundamental aspect of human socialization. - Different jobs require different types of socialization. In the past, many people worked a single job until retirement. Today, the trend is to switch jobs at least once a decade. This means that people must become socialized to, and socialized by, a variety of work environments. 5. **RELIGION** - **Religion is an important avenue of socialization for many people.** Important ceremonies related to family structure---like marriage and birth---are connected to religious celebrations. Many religious institutions also uphold gender norms and contribute to their enforcement through socialization. From ceremonial rites of passage that reinforce the family unit to power dynamics that reinforce gender roles, organized religion fosters a shared set of socialized values that are passed on through society. 6. **GOVERNMENT** - The government is another agent of socialization. It enacts laws that uphold social norms and values, and it also provides institutions and services that support citizens. - Government is notable in that it can fund several institutions that encourage socialization. For example, the government funds public schools, which play a key role in children\'s socialization. - The government also funds other programs that provide opportunities for social interaction, such as after-school programs, parks, and recreation centers (Oberfield, 2014). 7. **MASS MEDIA** - They inform us about events. - They introduce us to a wide variety of people. - They provide an array of viewpoints on current issues. - They make us aware of products and services. - They entertain us. - Television now the prime source of information about the world **CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIALIZATION** 1. **Personality and Role Development** - It is through the process of socialization that we develop our sense of identity and belongingness 2. **Skills Development and Training** - The much-needed social skills such as communication, interpersonal, and occupational are developed. 3. **Values Formation** - Individual are influence or engulfed by the prevailing values of social groups and society. 4. **Social Integration and Adjustment** - The socialization process allows us to fit in an organized way of life by being accustomed including cultural setting. 5. **Social Control and Stability** - Integration to society binds individual to the control mechanism set forth by society norms with regards to acceptable social relationships and social behavior