First Revelation of Islam PDF

+92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com FIRST REVELATION MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON BACKGROUND  As Prophet (PBUH) was growing older he distanced himself f...

+92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com FIRST REVELATION MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON BACKGROUND  As Prophet (PBUH) was growing older he distanced himself from the corrupt practices of the society of Arabia.  When he was around 40, he began to retire himself to a nearby cave, Hira at Jabal-e-Nur.  There he mediated about his God and the laws of his God to know what his God wanted him to do.  It is reported that he used to go there with food and water supplies and returned home when they were finished.  His wife, Hazrat Khadija (RZ), gave him more food (water and dates) so he continued his meditation.  The meditation continued until he encountered a strange happening. EVENTS  When Mohammad (PBUH) was 40, one day in 610 A.D while he (PBUH) was meditating in a cave of Hira, a being unknown to him appeared and said “Iqra”, ordered him to ‘Read!’  The Prophet (PBUH) replied ‘I do not know how to read’. That was because he was an ummi who could not read and write or the one who didn’t learn from any creation but learned from the Creator.  The being then caught him forcefully and pressed him so hard.  The being then released him following orders to Read!  The Prophet (PBUH)’s reply was the same that he did not know how to read.  The being then hugged him and pressed him hard for the second time.  The Prophet (PBUH) later shared this experience of being hugged and crushed with his companions. He told them that he was squeezed so tight that he felt that he would die of suffocation.  The being ordered him again to Read.  The Prophet (PBUH) replied this time ‘What shall I read?’  Thereupon the being caught him for the third time and pressed him hard and then released him. The being then recited the following verses of Surah Alaq, “Read, In the name of Your Lord, who created. Created man out of congealed blood. Proclaim! And your Lord is most Bountiful. He who OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com taught by the pen. Taught man what he did not know.” (96:1-5) Al- MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON Alaq.  This marked the beginning of revelations on Prophet Mohammad (PBUH).  Mohammad (PBUH) left the cave to return home.  On the way to his home, Mohammad (PBUH) heard a voice from the sky. He looked up and saw the same being who had visited him in the cave. But this time the being was a gigantic figure.  The Prophet (PBUH) got scared of seeing the creature with his head touching sky, feat on earth and wingtips touching the east and west.  He said to prophet, “You are the messenger of Allah and I am Angel Jibrael”  Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), scared, rushed to his home and asked Hazrat Khadija (RZ) to cover him up.  She covered him with a black blanket (cloak).  At this occasion he (PBUH) received verses of Surah Mudassir (After some days). The Quran states: “O you wrapped up (in the mantle)…”(74:1) Al- Mudassir.  He (PBUH) shared his experience with his wife Hazrat Khadija (RZ) and said: “I fear that something may happen to me.”  Hazrat Khadija (RZ) replied, “Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.” WARAQA BIN NAUFIL  Hazrat Khadija (RZ) then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Nawfil, who during the Pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the Hebrew letters.  He (PBUH) described to Waraqa what the Prophet (PBUH) had seen and heard.  Waraqa said that the being was the Angel of Law, Gabriel, who also kept the secrets whom Allah had sent to Moses. Waraqa also told the Prophet (PBUH) about the career he had received through the visit of archangel. This career was to perform the duty of inviting people towards one God and His religion. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  Waraqa predicted that Mohammad (PBUH) would face opposition by his MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON people after conveying the message of Allah to them. On which he was really shocked as he was known as Al-Sadiq and Al-Amin.  Waraqa added that Mohammad (PBUH) might also face expulsion from his hometown.  Moreover, Waraqa assured his support for Mohammad (PBUH) OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com WAYS OF REVELATION MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON BRIEF INTRO  The Quran was not sent down in one incident, it was revealed to Prophet (PBUH) in 23 years.  In these years Allah sent down parts of Surah or complete Surah on Prophet (PBUH).  It began to be revealed on Holy Prophet (PBUH) in cave Hira in one of the last ten nights of Ramadan in 610 A.D.  The Quran says in this regards in the following words “We have indeed sent down this Message in the night of Power” (97:1) Al-Qadr. MODES AND NATURE OF REVELATION  One of the most common ways of receiving revelation was through Angel Jibrael (AS).  The Holy Quran states, “say: whoever is an enemy to Jibrael – it is [none but] he who has brought the Quran down upon your heart, [O Muhammad], by permission of Allah……..”(2:97)  At the time of bringing Allah’s message, the Jibrael(AS) would come to the Holy Prophet (saw) in different forms.  Sometimes he would appear in the form of a prophet’s (saw) handsome companion “Hazrat Dahya Kalbi (RA)”, as Hazrat Umm-e-Salma (RA) reported that, “Once I saw Dahya Kalbi in front of the prophet (saw) talking to him”. The prophet (saw) then asked me “Do you know who this man is?” I replied, “That was Dahya kalbi” By God I thought it was him but the Prophet of Allah (saw) later announced in his sermon “It was the Angel Jibrael(AS)”.  Other times he would come in form of a Bedouin man as it was also witnessed by the companions of the Prophet (saw). Hazrat Umar (RA) said: “As we were sitting one day before the Prophet (saw), a man suddenly appeared attired in white and his hair was dark black, yet there were no signs of travel on him, and none of us knew him. He came and sat down in front of the Prophet (saw), placing his knees against his, and his hands on his thighs…..(He asked several questions and got the answers). Then the visitor left and waited a long time. Then the Prophet(saw) asked me, Do you know, Umar, who the questioner was? I replied; Allah and His OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com Messenger know best. He said; it was Jibrael (AS). He came to you to MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON teach you your religion”.[Sahih Muslim]  The Angel Jibrael (AS) also came to the Prophet (saw) in his actual angelic form. Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood (RA) narrated that the Prophet (saw) said;“When I saw the Angel Jibraeel he had 600 wings”.  The Prophets (saw) would sometimes receive divine revelations in the form of dreams. Hazrat Ayesha (RA) narrated that, “The begining of revelations began in form of true dreams and…….it would become clear by the morning”(Bukhari). Similarly, in 6AH , one night Prophet (saw) had a dream in which he saw himself, joined by other muslims, making pilgrimage to Makkah.  Once Allah (swt) directly communicated with the Prophet (saw) during his ascension into the heavens, the Mairaj. The Allah (swt) gave divine revelation to His Prophet (saw) concerning the obligatory prayers.  The Prophet (saw) also used to receive revelation directly into the heart through the voice of Allah (swt). As he stated: “Angel Jibrael conveyed a message into my heart……..”  Another method of revelation was the sound of a bell. The Prophet (saw) would here the ringing of a bell or a sound of bees, which would be immediately followed by divine revelation. This type of revelation is the hardest of all. According to Hazrat Ayesha (RA), the prophet (saw) himself stated that “Sometimes wahi comes to me after a bell rings and that is a heavy time for me.”(Bukhari)  She also reported that “During these occasions the Prophets (saw) forehead would sweat or that his face would become very red.”  According to the companions, the prophet’s (saw) body also used to become very weighty during such revelations, to the extent that the camel on which he was riding used to sit down due to increased load.  On another occasion it is narrated by Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (RA) that, “The Holy Prophet’s (saw) thigh was resting on his thigh at the time of receiving revelation. The force of the revelation was so strong that it felt as if his thigh was breaking”. CIRCUMSTANCES OF REVELATION  Quran was revealed in a span of 23 years and the verses were responses to some specific events to guide prophet to a straight path. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  For example when Holy prophet was called Abtar on the death of second son MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON in infancy, Surah Kauthar was revealed to console prophet.  When there was a gap in revelations, Makkans used to mock him that God has left Muhammad alone on which Allah revealed Surah Duha to console Prophet.  Moreover for his guidance and to give orders verses were revealed according to the situations. DIVISION OF REVELATIONS  The Quran was revealed in sections to the Prophet (SAW) from the beginning of his Prophethood until shortly before his death.  Thus, the Quran came down continuously over a period of 23 years in two different regions; i.e. Makkah and Madinah.  Around 86 to 90 surahs were sent down during the Makki period and 24 to 28 surahs were revealed during the Madni period. MAKKI REVELATIONS  Makki revelations are defined as all verses and chapters which were sent down before the migration of Prophet (SAW) between the year 610-622 A.D.  This includes verses which were revealed in other areas outside of Makkah.  These surahs mainly consists the following teachings and features;  Short verses, catchy rhymes and a very strong rhythm  Stress on Tawhid (oneness of Allah).  Description of Paradise, its pleasure and description of Hell-fire and its torments.  Some verses presented logical arguments providing Allah’s existence.  Makki verses challenged the Arabs to duplicate the Quran as they were used to look at the Quran as a magical spell.  Mentions historical examples in order to warn those who reject the message of Islam. MADNI REVELATIONS  Madni revelations are all those verses and chapters which are sent down after the migration of the Prophet (SAW) between the year 622-632 A.D.  This includes verses which were revealed during the battles, as well as those revealed in Makkah and Mina during and after the farewell pilgrimage. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  The following are some of the main characteristics of Madni surahs/verses; MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON  Long verses, like the verse on loans in Surah Baqarah that contain 143 words, as the public were willing to listen attentively to longer verses  Some verses contained many social, economic and spiritual laws which were necessary for the development of an Islamic state, for instance; last three pillars of Islam, Zakat, fasting and Hajj, were revealed, drinking alcohol, eating pork and gambling were all forbidden.  Number of verses answered to the many questions raised by the jews  Some verses warned the Muslims about the dangers of the hypocrites and taught them how to deal effectively with them.  The right to fight against the enemy was given for the first time in Medina and the verses taught the principles of war. For example, They taught how to deal with prisoners of war and they forbade retreat during an attack. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com COMPILATION OF QURAN MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON DURING PROPHET’S LIFETIME  The Holy Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in parts from time spread over a period of twenty-three years.  Whenever the Holy Prophet (PBUH) received the revelation, he would dictate it to some person who would record it on some piece of leather, date skin or even bones and stones. These were scribes who used to write down revelations.  Zaid bin Sabit said “when ever the Prophet dictated me the verses, I wrote them and recited them before him and he made corrections if any.”  Many companions committed the entire Quran to memory. And these Huffaz (memorizers) could recite Quran from memory.  Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit, “The Holy Prophet departed from this universe and the Quran had not been collected and compiled on anything so far.” DURING HAZRAT ABU BAKR’S CALIPHATE  During the life time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), revelation was a constant process, and there was no occasion for giving the various verses the form of a book.  After the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) the process of revelation came to an end, and then the need for some sort of compilation was felt in the battle of Yamamah, most of the memorizers were martyred.  It struck Hazrat Umar (RZ) that if the memorizers died, there was the danger that at one stage there would be no body who could be depended upon as the custodian of the Holy Quran.  Hazrat Umar (RZ) suggested to Hazrat Abu Bakr (RZ) that all the revelations of the Holy Quran should be collected, and compiled in the form of a book.  Hazrat Abu Bakar (RZ) in the first instance was reluctant to undertake the project as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had not felt the necessity of such compilation; it did not behoove him, as the successor to the Holy Prophet, to take any initiative in the matter.  Hazrat Umar (RZ) however continued to press his proposal. He argued that as during the life-time of the Holy Prophet, the process of revelation was OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com continuous, there was no occasion for stringing the various verses in the MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON form of a compilation, but after the death of the Holy Prophet, and the end of the process of revelation, the position had changed, and it developed on the successor of the Holy Prophet to suitably conserve the Holy Quran otherwise it might be lost or corrupted in the course of time.  The argument appealed to Hazrat Abu Bakar (RZ), and on further consideration, he agreed to undertake the project.  Abu Bakar called Zaid and said, “you are a wise man and we do not have any suspicion about you, you used the Divine revelations for Prophet. So you should search for the scripts of the Quran and collect it in Book.”  Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RZ) was summoned by Hazrat Abu Bakr (RZ) and entrusted with the task on collecting all the verses, and compiling them in a book form.  Hazrat Zaid (RZ)’s immediate answer to proposal was that if he had been asked to remove a mountain from its original site, and place it elsewhere, he would have considered it easier than the task of compiling the Holy Quran.  Despite that Hazrat Zaid (RZ) accepted the commission, and after hard labor in collecting, checking and in consultation with the various companions of the Holy Prophet produced a compilation.  Hazrat Abu Bakar (RZ) was himself a Hafiz. He, therefore, checked the compilation of Hazrat Zaid (RZ) and after making whatever changes were necessary; he kept the finally approved copy in his personal custody.  He gave the sacred compilation the name of Mushaf.  That copy after being transferred from Hazrat Abu Bakr (RZ) to Hazrat Umar (RZ) then to Hazrat Hafsa was named Mushaf e Hafsa. DURING HAZRAT USMAN’S CALIPHATE  Under the ruling period of Hazrat Umar (RZ) and Hazrat Uthman (RZ) both, the Islamic empire stood up to Byzantine and Persian Empires which brought many new converts to Islam.  Hazrat Anas (RZ), a senior companion, noticed some quarrels at fairs over the different dialects of Quran to recite it.  Such quarrels were also noticed by Hazrat Huzaifa (RZ) in the columns of Muslim army meeting in different borders. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  They (RZ), therefore, immediately informed the caliph, Hazrat Uthman (RZ) MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON about the situation. They said, “O chief of all believers. Save this nation before they differ about the book just like Christians and jews did before.”  Hazrat Uthman (RZ) realizing the necessity of one single dialect to keep the unity of Muslim community re-appointed Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RZ) along with a group of leading Muslims to make an authoritative copy.  The selected ones were Hazrat Abdullah bin Zubair (RZ), Hazrat Saad bin Al A’as (RZ) and Abdul Rehman bin Harith (RZ). Hazrat Uthman (RZ) instructed them to decide the dialect of chapters and if unable to reach unanimously on decision then to prefer the dialect of Quraish.  Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RZ) collected all the fragments again including Mushaf-e-Hafsa and underwent the same task to check the authenticity of compiling chapters but this time he made the authoritative copy in the dialect of Quraish changing the sequence of chapter, also following the instructions of Hazrat Uthman (RZ).  He also compared his work with Mushaf e Hafsa cautiously.  Hazrat Uthman (RZ) sent the new copies to Makkah, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Basra and Kufa.  He also ordered to burn all other copies compiled earlier in old sequence lacking instructions of dialect.  Due to Hazrat Uthman (RZ) services for the preservation of Quran he is entitled as Jami-ul-Quran. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com QURAN AS A SOURCE OF GUIDANCE MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON  The Quran is the major source of instruction and legal thinking.  It is the fundamental source from which all principles and injunctions of Islam are drawn.  We believe that as it is a word of Allah hence is the first mean or source of guidance for any law.  The Quran states: “This is the Book; in it is guidance sure without doubt for those who Fear Allah” (2:2) Al Baqarah.  Moreover, it is also the primary source of Islamic legal thinking which means it can also establish Islamic laws alone without being dependent to any other source.  A couple of examples of laws are derived from Quran.  For the shares of inheritance the Quran states: “Allah instructs you concerning your children’s (inheritance) for the male, what is equal to the share of two females…,” (4:11) AI-Nisa  For theft the Quran establishes the following orders: “As to the thief, Male or female, cut off his or her hands: a punishment by way of example, from Allah, for their crime.” (5:38) Al-Maidah.  It provides laws for all aspects of life.  Unlike other religious scriptures this miraculous book of Allah doesn’t provide only religious rituals it also gives instructions on political, ethical, material, spiritual, social & economic affairs etc.  These laws range from one‘s family life to his business and religious life.  It provides religious duties for believers to offer like prayer, fasting, almsgiving and Hajj etc. The Quran gives a set of Islamic practices. It commands to establish worship (prayer) and to pay the poor due after faith in one God. The Quran frequently says“And establish prayer and pay zakat.” It is said’ “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you”(2:183) “Complete Hajj and Umrah in the services of God”(2.196)  Ahadith of the Holy Prophet provides further details of these practices.  It also offers family laws where it discusses matters about the requirements of a valid marriage dower, divorce and multi marriages etc. Quran commands all Muslims to follow the Islamic ways of life. Regarding personal relation the Quran says, “Prohibited to you (in marriage) are your mothers, daughters, sisters.” OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  In the economical field it stresses believers to do trade and to abstain from MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON Riba (Interest). Islam promotes honestly in economic dealing in order to earn by lawful (Halal) means. Regarding economic teachings, it lays instruction to decide with justice, not to offer bribes,to give true evidence and to give full weights and measure. Allah says, “Give full measure when you measure and weigh with a balance that is straight.”And “Allah has allowed trade that and forbidden usury.”  Islam promotes equality and brotherhood; it rejects all social barriers by saying “All believers are equal to one another.” This verse promotes brotherhood ;no believer is superior to another  Quran also teaches how to maintain relations with Non-Muslims and other states by commanding , “O you who believe do not make Jews and Christians your allies, some of them are allies of others”  Laws of war are also included in the Holy Qur’an where they prohibit the killing of women and children, destroying residential places, killing of prisoners etc. For punishment of Zina or fornication (100 lahes). It is said, “The woman and man guilty of adultery or fornication, flog each of them with hundred stripes.”(24:2)For the heinous crime of murder it recommends the simple rule of an eye for an eye by saying: “O you who believe! The law equality is prescribed to you in case of murder: the free for free, the slave for slave, the woman for woman.”  Its laws are totally authentic and indestructible.  The Quranic teachings are eternal, un-alterable and everlasting for all times.  Allah Himself has promised to guard His word from any kind of corruption or alteration. The verse of Surah Hijr mentions this promise where Allah says: “We have without doubt sent down the Message; and We will surely guard it (from corruption)” (15:9) Al-Hijr.  Since the laws of Quran are authentic and unchanged so they cannot be questioned or challenged in meanings and existence.  This Book reaches us exactly as it was revealed to Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) 1400 years ago.  The Quran says, “Neither anything wet nor dry that is not contained in this Luminous Book.”  This means the laws mentioned in the Book are totally divine without any addition or omission. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  As the laws of Allah are superior over any other laws like His personality is MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON superior over all other so Quranic Laws cannot be challenged in any way nor they can be repeated or annulled by an legislature or human authority.  The Quran is not only unique in the way in which it presents its subject matter, which is man and his ultimate goal in life, but it is also unique in that is a miracle itself.  It has been documented that the Prophet (saw) challenged the Arabs to produce a literacy work of a similar caliber as the Quran, but they were unable to do so despite of their well-known fluency literary powers.  The challenge to reproduce the Quran was presented to the Arabs and mankind three times.  The Quran says, “Say: if all mankind and the jinn would come together to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce it…..”(17:88)  “Or do they say that he has invented it? Say to (them) ,Bring ten invented chapters like it …” (11:13)  “if you are in doubt of ….then produce one chapter like it…”(2:23) OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com HADITH MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON  It is the second primary source of Islamic law.  Legal experts hold that Hadith is the second most important source and the authority of Islamic law after Quran.  The hadith itself derives its authority and legal validity from the Quran. The Quran says,“Nor does he speak from (his own) inclination. It is not but a revelation revealed.”  The Quran itself repeatedly reminds us of the importance of hadith, enjoining us to strictly follow the prophet.  The Quran says, “Obey Allah and Obey the messenger” “And whatever he gives you take it…. And whatever he forbids, abstain from it”  Hazrat Ayesha (RA) said, “The life of the prophet was the practical demonstration of the Holy Quran.”  It is a principle first set by Imam Shafi that Quran and Sunnah can never contradict with each other. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com QURAN AND HADITH MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON Sunnah sometimes explains a word, which is not explained in Quran  For example the Holy Quran says, “And establish prayer and pay Zakat” (2:43) but the method of prayer is not mentioned in the Holy Quran.  The Holy Prophet explained how to offer the prayer through his action and said, “Offer your prayer as you see me offering my prayer.”  He also said, “No prayer is acceptable without Fatiha.”  Similarly, the Quran commands the Muslim to pay Zakat, but does not explained by the Prophet.  He said, “No Zakat is payable on property until a year passed away on it.”  He also said, “Neither the property of different people be gathered together nor the joint property should be split for fear of Zakat’’ Quran mentions a general term which could be applied to any person, while the Sunnah further specifies the term and forms another rule  For example, the Quran says, “The man and woman who commit Zinaa, flog each of them with one hundred lashes.”  This rule can be applied to any male or female who is found guilty of Zinaa.  However, the messenger stoned the married men and women who committed Zinaa. A rule may be mentioned in the Qur’an without any restrictions but the Sunnah places restrictions on the rule  For example, the Quran says: “The male and female thief cut their hands.”(5:38)  There is no restriction placed on the rule in the Ayah, but the Prophet said; “Hand will not be cut for less than ten dirhams” An original rule in the Quran, but the Sunnah adds new items to the original rule  For example Quran says; “Forbidden to you is your mothers, daughters ,paternal and maternal aunt, nieces, foster mothers and sisters ,mother-in –law and step daughter …..” (An-Nisa:23) OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  The Prophet added, “No woman can be married to a man who is already MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON married to her sister or her maternal/ paternal aunt.” In many places Quran remains silent and Sunnah gives the Law  For example The Holy Prophet announced in Khyber Expedition that flesh of Donkey was made Haram.  He also said: “The part of garment below the ankle (for men) is in the fire.” Or “Silk and gold are made unlawful for the men of my nation but lawful for women.” Sunnah of Holy Prophet provides practical method of Islamic practices  The Quran enjoins us, “Pilgrimage there to is a duty men owe to Allah those who can afford the journey”  Full method of the Hajj is not mentioned in Quran.  Sunnah of Prophet explains its performance, as it is said Ibn Umar reported, “The Holy Prophet pronounced Talbiyah in Hajj.” Other Examples  The Quran guides us about the usage of alcohol in the following words.“O believers! Intoxicants and gambling (games of chance), dedication to stones (paying tribute to idols) and division by arrows (lottery) are the filthy works of Satan. Get away from them, so that you may prosper.” (5:91) Al-Maida. According to this verse of Quran alcohol is prohibited for us and its usage is forbidden. But this verse and the rest of the Quran alcohol is prohibited for us and its usage is forbidden. Therefore, to find out the answer for punishment we look into the hadith of Prophet (PBUH). Regarding this matter the Sunnah of Prophet (PBUH) guides us the following report: “The Prophet beat a drunk with palm-leaf stalks and shoes”. (Bukhari). The Hadith clearly highlights that the Prophet (PBUH) punished the drunk, by beating him with palm leaf stalks (lashes). So here Quran and Hadith together form the law of beating the drunk with lashes.  The Quran commands that purity of the body is compulsory before prayer. However the Sunnah explains the method of purity (ablution) Wuzu.  The division of inheritance is clearly stated in the Quran by saying, “Allah commands you concerning your children’s inheritance for the males equal to the share of two females” but leaving of wealth for Non-Muslims OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com relatives is not mentioned in the Quran. In the sunnah, we find that the MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON Prophet said, “A Muslim may not inheritance from a Non-Muslim, nor Non-Muslim inherit from a Muslim”  The Holy Prophet said, “The bartering of gold for gold is Riba,except if it is from hand to hand and equal in amount and wheat grain for wheat grain is Riba except if it is from hand to hand and equal in the amount.” OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com IJMA MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON MEANING OF IJMA  The literal meaning of Arabic term Ijma is unanimity or consensus.  Generally ljma means a unanimous decision.  In Islamic terminology it is a unanimous decision of the entire Muslim community on some Islamic matter after the death of Prophet (PBUH).  In Islamic legal thinking Ijma is recognized as the 3rd source of Islamic legal thinking.  It is used when Quran and hadith do not offer the clear or direct guidance.  It is also the secondary source of Islamic legal thinking which means that it is dependent on Primary sources Quran and hadith and cannot work alone.  The unanimity of this Ummah is regarded by Prophet (PBUH) himself which is also a proof of consensus (ljma) to be the authentic source of Islamic legal thinking.  The Prophet (PBUH) said: “My community will never agree upon an error”.  Some regards Ijma as the agreement of companions of Prophet (PBUH), others of the community of Madina, others of legal experts.  Legal experts have differed over who makes up this group of Muslims and who’s Ijma should be accepted. Some say Companions of Prophet (PBUH) some say people of Madina, some say legal scholars of any generation.  In theory, of course, it should be the whole community of believers. But this wasn’t possible after few years because the community spread over a wide area.  Currently it isn‘t possible either as different Islamic countries are running under different governments and different systems so Ijma of the whole Muslim community (Ummah) seem almost impossible in this era.  Due to all these differences there are different definitions of ljma which have been given. TYPES OF IJMA  There are two main kinds of Ijma.  The first is general agreement of all Muslims in matters or beliefs, for example that the Quran was sent down by Allah brought by Angel Gabriel and that the Prophet (PBUH) is the last Messenger of Allah. This kind of OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com Ijma is the acknowledgement of the beliefs that are the characteristics of MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON Islam and shared by all believers.  The second kind of Ijma particularly concerns legal matters and can be defined as an agreement of a group of Muslims about an issue on which the Quran and Holy Prophet (PBUH)’s Hadith or Sunnah haven’t spoken the final words.  The second kind of Ijma is further divided into two categories Ijma e Qawli and ljma e Amali.  IJMA E QAWLI: It is when in any one era all those who are worthy of making Ijma agreed unanimously upon a legal matter by way of speech. For example all companions agreed on the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RZ) and swore allegiance on his hands.  IJMA E AMALI: It is where in one era all those worthy of making Ijma, agree unanimously upon a legal matter by way of action. For example the four Sunnah before Zuhr prayer are regarded as Sunnat-e-Moakkadah, by virtue of companions practicing upon it with rigidity. Hence this action can never become Wajib or Farz until such a reason could be found making it Wajib or Farz. IJMA FROM PROPHET LIFETIME  Example from the Prophet’s life regarding the concept of Ijma include after the battle of Badr Holy Prophet (pbuh) consulted with his companions about the prisoner of war and it was decided that they will get their freedom after the payment of ransom.  During the battle of Uhad, the Prophet PBUH consulted his companions and followed the opinion of the majority and fought the battle outside the city though he was personally against it.  During the battle of trench ,he had the trench dug around the city of Madina on the suggestion of Salman Farsi  This all is Hadith as it is endorsed by the Prophet (S) but the concept of consulting and building consensus is shown here. IJMA OF COMPANIONS OF PROPHET  During Hazrat Uthman’s (RA) caliphate, it was felt that the Muslim had difficulty gathering for the Friday prayer on just one Azaan and so it was decided by the experts to have 2 calls for prayers on Friday. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  Secondly the Tarawwih prayer throughout Ramadan after Isha in which the MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON whole Quran is recited. This was the Ijma of the companions of the Holy Prophet during the time of Hazrat Umar’s (RA) caliphate, to perform 20 rakats of this prayers and this is practiced even today.  Election of Abu bakr R.A as the caliph of Islam and the compilation of the Holy Quran after the battle of Yamama was also the result of Ijma. IJMA OF PRESENT ERA  For sighting of moon of all months a committee of experts is set by the government, to refer whether the moon is sighted or not. Unanimous decision of the committee is accepted by everyone. This is based on Ijma.  In 1974 the national assembly declared Qadiyanis as non-believers, they do not believe in the finality of Prophethood. This law was passed on the basis of the Quranic verse which said, “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of Prophets.”  Scholars collectively say that the conventional banking system is unislamic as it involves Riba (interest). This law was based on the Quranic verse which said, “Allah has allowed trade but forbidden usury (interest).”  All scholars have declared Israel as a non friendly territory as they kill innocent Muslims. It is based on the following verse, “o you who believe, do not make Jews and Christians your allies, some of them are allies of other.” EXAMPLES OF QURAN AND IJMA Example 1  The Holy Quran says, “Prohibited to you (for marriage) are:Your mothers, daughters…”(4:23) Al-Nisa.  As the verse mentions the terms mothers and daughters which could be clearly understood as ones mother and step mothers or ones daughters or step daughters.  Since the verse does not clearly mention about marrying grandmothers or granddaughters hence ijma was exercised.  Thereafter now through ijma the ruling is absolute amongst all muslims that marrying paternal or maternal grandmother or granddaughter is also prohibited as an extension of the injunction of the Quran. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com Example 2 MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON  The Quran says in Surah Baqarah; “It is prescribed, when death approaches any of you,if he leaves any goods that he makes a bequest to parents and next of kin, according to reasonable usage; this is due from the Allah fearing.”(2:180)  According to this verse after the death of a son of the shares of his property will be given to his father.  But the Quran and Sunnah are silent on if the father of deceased son is dead too.  Thus after ijma it was decided that this share from the son’s property towards the father will now go to the grandfather.  This is how Ijma is exercised from Quran. EXAMPLES OF HADITH AND IJMA Example 1  It isn’t permissible to sell an edible item for the seller before having the ownership of the goods.  The Prophet (PBUH) said regarding this: “Whosoever buys edible items cannot sell it until he has taken ownership thereof”.  The ruling of not selling edible items before owning them is clear and apparent from this Hadith but this Hadith is narrated by one just companion (Khabar-e-Wahid) therefore based on this their remains a doubt in this ruling and at the most it is not absolute.  This ambiguity is intimated by Muhaddithun that Khabr-e-Wahid are not reliable like Sahih Hadith.  By the consensus of believers on this problem, this possible doubt is removed and the ruling has become absolute.  So the teaching in Hadith is unanimously accepted and the doubt about its sanad is removed hence selling items before having ownership has become impermissible. Example 2  The Prophet (PBUH) said: “If in a miscarried fetus life is established by its movements, a funeral prayer should be offered for it, and it is entitled to its share of inheritance” (Tirmidhi, Nisai and Ibn e Majah) OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  According to this hadith of Prophet (PBUH) the funeral of miscarried fetus MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON will be offered if it had shown life signs before its death.  As per another hadith of Prophet (PBUH) the fetus begins to show movements when it reaches the age of four month.  So the hadith states the funeral prayer of miscarried fetus who died after the age of four month will be offered.  But the question arises when the fetus is miscarried before the age of four months and life signs were not found in it. The question is funeral prayer will be offered or not?  When Ahadith did not provide the final ruling on this matter, the Muslim community found out the answer by consensus.  All those who are worthy of making Ijma reached to the decision that the fetus who died before the age of four months its funeral will not be offered as life signs were not found in it.  Rather it will be washed, wrapped and buried.  So in this example, Hadith and Ijma jointly formed the law of not offering funeral prayer of fetus miscarried before the age of four months is established. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com QIYAS MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON MEANING OF QIYAS  The root meaning of the word ‘Qiyas’ is ‘according to’, ‘measuring’ and ‘equality’.  Literally, Qiyas (analogy) is the legal method of deducing one principle from another by comparing them together.  Islamically, it is a process of deduction of laws in consultation with the Quran and Sunnah which are not clearly or directly stated in the previous three sources.  It is also defined as the comparison between the known and the unknown to find out the new Islamic rulings. The known is matter in Quran or Hadith and the Unknown is the new matter in question.  It is the authentic source of Islamic legal thinking.  The proof of Qiyas is from the conversation between Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Maaz (RZ). Prophet (PBUH) when asked Hazrat Maaz (RZ) if you do not find any ruling in Quran and Sunnah to solve the matter what would you do? He replied “I will then make Ijtihad of my opinion.” Prophet (PBUH) approved of this response.  Qiyas involves an individual expert making a new decision on the basis of known teachings. He compares the known with the unknown and identifies common points between them ultimately deducing the new law. FUNDAMENTALS OF QIYAS  Fundamental of a thing is that integral part without which that thing can’t exist.  Like the fundamentals of Prayers; rukoo, Qiyam, Sajdah etc. the fundamentals of Qiyas are four in number.  Asal - the ruling which is mentioned in Quran or Hadith.  Far - the ruling of that thing which isn’t found in Quran or Hadith or it is the new matter in question.  Illa’ (the same factor) - the linking cause that connects the Asal and Far.  Hukum - By relating these together it is possible to arrive at the new judgment. That new ruling through this judgment is Hukum. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com EXAMPLES OF QURAN AND QIYAS MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON Example 1  The Quran forbids sales transactions after the call of prayer on Friday in verse # 9 of Surah Jumma. “0 ye who believe! When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (the Day of Assembly), haste earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business (and traffic): That is best for you by but knew!”(62:9) This is (Asal) or ruling from Quran.  The new matter of the question arises, Are all kinds of transactions forbidden? This is (far) in this ruling.  By analogy legal experts found reason that like sales distracts Muslims from Friday prayers buying also do the same. This is (illa) the linking cause that connects the asal and far of this ruling.  Therefore the (Hukum) or new judgment is that all kinds of transactions have been forbidden after the call of prayers on Friday. Example 2  The Quran states regarding impressibility of drinking alcohol in verse # 90 of Surah Maidah. “O believers! Intoxicants and gambling (games of chance), dedication to stones (paying tribute to idols) and division by arrows (lottery) are the filthy works of Satan. Get away from them, so that you may prosper”(5:90). This is (Asal) ruling from Quran.  The new matter (far) is that what is the ruling regarding all other drugs causing intoxication?  By analogy have found same causative factor (illa) of intoxication in other intoxicants as in alcohol.  Therefore they have applied the same ruling of impermissibility to those items causing intoxication and unconsciousness. This is (Hukum) in the ruling or new judgment by use of Qiyas. EXAMPLE OF HADITH AND QIYAS  The holy Prophet (PBUH) in his lifetime gave clear guidance about the use of intoxicants related to alcohol. In his saying he said, “All Intoxicants are prohibited” (Agreed). OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  He also showed with his Sunnah to beat the drunk with lashes. It is reported MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON “The Prophet beak a drunk with palm-leaf stalks and shoes (lashed).” (Asal).  These teachings of Ahadith state about prohibition of alcohol and the punishment of its consumption.  Although Prophet (PBUH) taught about prohibition and punishment of the drunk but the fixed number of lashes are not stated in his sayings or actions. (Far)  When Hazrat Umar (RZ) inquired Hazrat Ali (RZ) about the prohibition and punishment of using intoxicants and the number of lashes. Hazrat Ali (RZ) solved the matter by his analogy. Hazrat Ali (RZ) said that intoxication cause speaking drivel and irrational which leads the drunk to falsely accuse others so the punishment of the drunk should be similar to the defamer. The punishment of defamer is 80 lashes (illa).  Therefore with this comparison of known and unknown the punishment for the drunk was decided 80 lashes at the time of Hazrat Umar (RZ)’s administration by the use of Qiyas. (Hukm).  In this example, the matter of punishing the drunk is finalized by the practice of Qiyas (analog) after which the drunk is to be beaten 80 lashes and these orders became the part of Islamic rulings. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com ALLAH IN HIMSELF MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON INTRODUCTION  The first five passages; Ayat-ul-Kursi, Surah Anam, Surah Fussilat, Surah Shura and Surah Ikhlas are about Allah in Himself, all these passages highlight Oneness of Allah, Tawhid which is the foundation of Islam. SURAH BAQARAH – SURA 2 : 225  The first passage Ayat ul Kursi describes Allah Oneness and Uniqueness in a comprehensive way.  Firstly, it reminds about Allah’s Oneness by saying, “Allah there is no God but He.” This explains how Allah is alone in His person and the only one.  Then it explains His incomparable attributes by saying He is unique in person and is Every Living.  It also teaches Allah as the source of all knowledge and the fact that whatever knowledge people possess is only which He grants them.  Secondly, it reminds us that He is the alone owner of everything in the heavens and earth by saying, “to Him belongs whatever is in the heaven and whatever is on the earth.”  Furthermore, it states that Allah is tireless and there is no limit to His power and energy.  All these are presented by Allah as evidence of Tawhid. SURAH ANAM – SURA 6 : 101-103  Surah Anam describes how Allah created all things including the heavens and the earth scratches and that without anyone’s and assistance or suggestion.  It also confirms the fact that He does not have any descendent by saying , “How can He have a son when He has no Consort (wife)?”.  This confirms that no one has share in His ownership and declares His limitless powers and knowledge of everything by saying, “No vision can grasp is over all visions.”  Allah is far beyond our imagination and invisible to eyes. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com SURAH FUSSILAT – SURA 41 : 37-39 MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON  Throughout history, many people have begun worshiping the sun and the moon due to their beauty and power.  The Quran says that these are just the signs of Allah who is the Creator of all.  The example use in Surah Fussilat can be applied to many other great things that man desires or fears so much that he ends up worshipping them ,  It says , “Adore not the sun or the moon but adore Allah who Created them.” These creations are just a reminder of the creator and His limitless powers and we are reminded to only worship its Creator rather than the creation.  Worshipping other bodies is shirk which according to the Quran is “an unforgivable sin”.  The Quran says, “Allah not forgives that partners should be setup with Him, but He forgives anything else to whom He wills” SURAH SHURA – SURA 42 : 4-5  The verses of Surah Shura highlights his attributes of being All Forgiving and also the fact that He desires that mankind should be forgiven.  This rejects any concept of a harsh god that is found in many others religion besides Islam, it says, “Behold Allah is all forging, the most Merciful.”  It is no wonder that countless angels are commanded to glorify the name of Allah while seeking forgiveness for Mankind, it says “and angels celebrate the praises of their lord and pray for forgiveness for beings on earth” SURAH IKHLAS – SURA 112  Surah Ikhlas is one of the most comprehensive summary of Tawhid in the Holy Quran.  It consists of all the basic forms of shirk, associating partners to Allah, thinking He is need of any helpers, having parents or children and comparison to anyone else.  These are the general lines when someone commits the unforgiveable sin, shirk. It says,“Say He is Allah, the one.” This verse clearly states Him being the One God, thus rejecting any form of His partner. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  The word ‘Samad’ in this passage means He doesn’t need any one rather MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON everyone is in need of Him hence no one can be compared to His Mighty and powers, it says, “and there is none like Him” OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com ALLAH WITH CREATED WORLD MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON INTRODUCTION  These passages are about God’s relationship with creation, but each talk about that relationship in a distinctive way.  They all allow humankind to see the link between them and God.  It is not just about God giving human beings things for their sustenance, but humans need to give thanks in return and live their life remembering Him, which can be done in different ways. SURAH ALAQ – SURA 96 : 1-5  Human beings are Allah’s best creation because we have been given the ability to think and follow the right path in life.  Allah created Adam not only as the first Prophet but also the first human being, hence the first relationship Allah has with us is that we are his creation and He is our creator.  In Surah Alaq, Allah reveals He created us, “from a clot of congealed blood” and perfected us in the shape of a complete human.  In addition to this, He enabled us to read and write with the help of pen by saying, “He who taught man the use of pen, taught men what he knew not.”  Surah Alaq also highlights the importance of learning and education, through which human beings progress and are granted His blessings. SURAH FATIHA – SURA 1  In Surah Fatiha Allah says, “Praise be to Allah, Lord of all the worlds.” Not only is Allah our creator, but He is also our Sustainer.  He provides us all comforts of life by His numerous blessings.  It also highlights the two basic features of Tawhid.  Firstly the, focus of all form of worship shall only be for Allah only.  Secondly, that when we are in need of help, we should only ask for help, it says, “you alone we worship and your help we seek.”  This Surah further guides us by a Dua for guidance from Allah of the straight path which is the path of all Prophets and pious people so that we are rewarded by Him for our deeds by saying, “The way of those whom you have blessed.” OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com SURAH BAQARAH – SURA 2 : 21-22 MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON  The verse of Surah Baqarah focuses on the fact that Allah is the Creator of all people past and present.  It not only stresses on Allah as the sole Creator but also as Provider of sustenance and life for all human beings.  It is He who has provided for humans everything from the earth and below the sky.  All food and fruits are His blessings and we must recognize His powers, “And send down from rain from the heavens and by it brought fruits for your sustenance.”  Furthermore, it also teaches us righteousness can only be achieved by worshipping Him alone and not setting up partners with Him, “Do not set up rivals with Allah, when you know.”  It is important for us to accept and thank Allah for all His favours and in believing Him to be our Creator and Provider of numerous blessings. SURAH NAAS – SURA 114  In Surah Fatiha, Allah has described Himself as “Most Gracious, Most Merciful.”  Not only He has taught men the ability to think and stay on the right path, but has also taught how to stay away from evil doings of people who do not fear Him.  The verses of Surah Falaq and Naas are protection against such evil forces.  These verses are recited by Holy Prophet when he was under spell of black magic.  Allah is the one who can protect us from all attacks only if we maintain a strong relation with Him in worshipping Him. Surah Naas says, “Say I seek refuge with the Lord of Mankind.” SURAH ZILZAAL – SURA 99  By describing himself as “Master of the Day of Judgment”, Allah puts us in tests.  He has given us free to either way. So reward and punishment is our last relationship with Allah as He says, “He created death and life to test you as to which of you is best in deed.” OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  On the Day of Judgment, Allah will be our judge and we will be accountable MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON for our deeds.  There will be no bargain or requests made that day. Not the smallest good or bad deed shall go unnoticed by Him. Surah Zilzal says, “Then anyone who has done an atom’s weight of evil shall see it”  The doers of good shall be blessed with heaven and the evil doers will be thrown in hell.  This enables Muslims to do good in this life and to remember the day when all will come to an end then there will be no going back. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com HOW GOD GAVE KNOWLEDGE TO MESSENGERS MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON HOW GOD GAVE KNOWLEDGE TO ADAM?  God gave Adam knowledge about Himself through the things he was taught the names of, and the lessons he learnt in obedience to God.  Adam was taught the names of all the things in creation. The Quran says, “He taught Adam the names of all things.” and because of his status near God, the angels were asked to bow to him.  Iblis refused, and was banished. He vowed to lead Adam and his future generations astray. He did this by making Adam approach the tree he had been forbidden from.  Adam realised his mistake and through this event turned to God for forgiveness. The Quran mentions this incident in following words, “Our Lord! We have wronged our own souls: If you do not forgive us and have Mercy on us, we shall certainly be of the losers.” (7:23) Al- Aa’raf.  Through these events Adam learnt about God’s creation, His Knowledge and His forgiveness. HOW GOD GAVE KNOWLEDGE TO IBRAHIM?  Ibrahim was given knowledge of God through the law and order of the heavens and the earth.  He was searching for his Lord, and looked to the stars and the moon and the sun, which people at his time worshipped.  God inspired him to realise that the things that do not last cannot be the things to be worshipped as God does not change.  In this connection Allah Almighty commanded: “And from among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but Adore Allah who created them, if it is Him you wish to serve” (41:37) Al-Fussilat.  Through these events he turned himself to believe in God and did not associate partners with Him.  He asked his follow members to follow Allah and worship Him only as Allah only deserves to be worshipped.  Instead of following the right path his follow members became his dangerous enemy. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  A big fire was set by his follow members and Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) was MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON thrown into it. But a miracle happened which is highlighted in Quran in the following words: “When they threw him in the fire, We commanded, O Fire! Be cool and comfortable for Ibrahim”.(21:69) Al-Anbiyaa.  By this, God showed Ibrahim His Unity, and His control over creation. HOW GOD GAVE KNOWLEDGE TO ISA?  Isa was given special miracles which helped him understand the power of God.  He was given the holy spirit which allowed him to speak to the people as a child and when he was older.  He was also taught the Law and the Gospel to teach to the people.  The Quran states: “And We sent following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming that which came before him In the Torah; and We gave him the Gospel, in which was guidance and light and confirming that which preceded it of the Torah as guidance and instruction for the righteous.” (5:46) AI-Maidah.  He was also able to give life to the dead and heal the sick, by the will of God.  The Quran mentions the miraculous powers of Hazrat Isa in Surah Maidah. The Quran states: “... And behold! You make out of clay, as It were, the figure of a bird by my leave, and you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by My leave, and you heal those born blind, and the lepers, by My leave. And behold! You bring forth the dead by My leave.”’ (5:110) AI- Maidah.  This all showed Isa the favours he was given by God which allowed him to believe in Him and follow Him. HOW GOD GAVE KNOWLEDGE TO H.PROPHET?  The Prophet Muhammad faced hardships like the other prophets, but God reminds him that He gave him blessings in this life and the next, which relieved the Prophet and gave him reassurance that God was looking after him.  Prophet faced many hardships such as death of his infant sons, breaks in revelations, severe persecutions but God also gave him shelter, guidance and independence, and also gave him blessings in the form of Kawthar, which is a river in paradise. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  He learns about God through His generosity, mercy and guidance. MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com ALLAH WITH MESSENGERS MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON HAZRAT ADAM  When none lived on the earth Allah decided to create man to worship Him and live on earth.  Angels and Jinn were created before man (Hazrat Adam).  Allah told Angels about the creation of man and his sending on earth being the leader.  The angels questioned the creation highlighting that man would cause bloodshed and mischief on earth.  Allah said to the Angels that he was going to create a mortal from clay and angels were to bow down before him.  When Allah created Hazrat Adam (AS) in the nicest shape, He commanded the angels and the Jinn to bow down before Adam whereupon all bowed down except Iblis, the Jinn.  Iblis then swore to misguide Adam and his children but Allah had given man the knowledge guidance to distinguish between the right and wrong to avoid luring away.  These events are highlighted in chapter # 7 Al-Aaraaf and chapter # 15 of Quran.  Thereafter to prove the distinction of man Allah taught Hazrat Adam (AS) some names mentioned in Surah al Baqarah “He taught Adam the names of all things.”  Allah asked angels to say those names but angels couldn’t and praised the Glory of Allah.  When Allah asked Hazrat Adam (AS) to say those names, he did. So turning to the angels Allah said “Did I not tell you I know everything that is in the earth and heavens....”(2:33)Al-Baqarah.  Allah then asked Hazrat Adam (AS) to live in the paradise.  He had everything to enjoy but he was alone so Allah created Hazrat Hawwa as his wife.  Allah said to Hazrat Adam (AS) to live in paradise and eat freely except from a particular tree. This was intended to test them and teach them self- control.  Iblis was trying hard to misguide both. At last, he succeeded and tempted Hazrat Adam (AS) and Hazrat Hawwa (AS). OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  As soon as they both approached the forbidden tree, they both became MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON naked. Until then, they did not know what nakedness was. They had no cause to be ashamed of but now they felt ashamed and cover themselves with leaves and tried to hide but there was nowhere they could hide from Allah.  Hazrat Adam (AS) and Hazrat Hawwa realized and regretted their mistake.  There then Allah taught them a prayer for forgiveness.  So following that Hazrat Adam (AS) and Hazrat Hawwa asked Allah’s forgiveness and it was granted. The prayer is stated in Surah Aa’raf in the following words: They (Adam and Eve) said: “Our Lord! We have wronged our own souls: If you do not forgive us and have Mercy on us, we shall certainly be of the losers.” (7:23) Al- Aa’raf.  He then commanded Hazrat Adam (AS) and Hazrat Hawwa to go down on earth, live and die there.  He also told them that he would send guidance for them, so that they wouldn’t deviate from the Right path.  So Allah revealed guidance to Hazrat Adam (AS) and he was given the distinction of being the first man and first apostle on earth. HAZRAT IBRAHIM  Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) was born in Chaldeans, also known as Babylonia.  At that time some people worshipped idols of stone or wood where as some people worshipped shiny distant objects like sun, moon, star, etc.  His father Azar, was an idolater who made idols and rejected Allah completely.  Since his childhood Allah bestowed him with the light in his heart and mind and gave him wisdom.  He was never attracted towards idols his father made rather he played with them.  One day while he was playing with the idol having long ears, his father forbade him to play. Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) asked why this idol having long ears than us, Azar’s reply made Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) to laugh that these big ears show deep knowledge of this god.  When Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) grew up visiting the temple with his father, his heart had been full of hatred for idols.  He always found it astonishing that how people begged before the statues that couldn’t even help themselves. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  One night he left his house to go to a mountain. There he sat resting his MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON back on a wall and looked at the sky. He looked on planets and the shiny distant objects worshipped by his people pondering why they are worshipped.  He considered what was beyond the moon, the stars and the planets (i.e. Allah) and was astonished that these objects were worshipped by men when man has been created to worship the Creator of these planets appearing and disappearing on His commands.  This event of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS)’s pondering and realization is discussed in 75-79 of Surah An’am.  Followed by this he argued with his people & made it clear that shiny distant objects are unworthy of worship & that they are among the signs of Allah who is all worthy to be praised and worshipped. In this connection Allah Almighty commanded: “And from among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but Adore Allah who created them, if it is Him you wish to serve” (41:37) Al-Fussilat.  After revealing the truth of shiny distant objects he turned to the group who were practicing idolatry. He thought he would give idolaters a practical lesson.  Once when people were busy celebrating festival, he went to the temple where the idols were kept. He asked the idols, “How do you do? Here is the food and drink. Why don’t you help yourselves?” The stone idols were silent of course. He now took an axe and began to break all the idols except the biggest which he spared with purpose and left the axe hanging round the neck of the biggest idol. When people came to the temple they were astonished to find the idols broken. They asked themselves who had done this mischief and thought of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS), the only one who talked disrespectfully about the idols. Soon Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) was found out. They asked him “Who broke the idols?” Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) replied “Asked the biggest idol”. The people knew that the idols could not talk. When they said this to Hazrat Ibrahim (AS), he asked “Why do you worship them? They can’t talk, move or understand anything. Why do you ask them for favor?” The people who had no answer of his questions were sure Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) broke the idols.  They called a meeting and decided to burn Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) alive. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  A big fire was set and Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) was thrown into it. But a miracle MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON happened which is highlighted in Quran in the following words: “When they threw him in the fire, We commanded, O Fire! Be cool and comfortable for Ibrahim”.(21:69) Al-Anbiyaa.  Quran also narrate the story of his son Ismail when he prayed to Allah to have a son.  Allah granted the prayer and bestowed him with a son gentle like him.  Related to both Quran discusses about the dream Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) saw through which he was ordered to slaughter his son in the name of Allah.  When Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) shared the dream with his son Hazrat Ismail (AS) he responded in obedience & asked his father to do as commanded and his father would find him patient in adversity.  The moment Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) was attempting to slaughter his son miracle happened and the dagger didn’t work. Followed by this Allah stopped him and said, “…….. O Ibrahim stop! You have fulfilled your vision……” (37:104-105) Al-Saffat.  Thereafter, Allah ransomed Hazrat Ismail (AS) thru a sheep when both father and son fulfilled the trial. HAZRAT ISA  Hazrat Isa (AS) was the son of Hazrat Maryam (AS).  He was born miraculously from Hazrat Maryam (AS) who is believed to be a chaste, God-fearing and one of the best women of the whole mankind.  She gave birth to Hazrat Isa (AS) as a virgin mother by Allah’s command.  In this connection the Quran states: “Verily I seek refuge with the Most Beneficent (Allah) from you, if you do fear Allah.” The Angel said: “I am only a Messenger from your Lord, (to announce) to you the gift of a righteous son”. She said “How can I have a son, when no man has touched me, nor am I unchaste?” He said: “So (it will be), your Lord said: “That is easy for me (Allah): And (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind and a mercy from Us (Allah), and it is a matter (already) decreed (by Allah).” (19:18-21) Al-Maryam.  We believe, everything is possible for Allah, when He wants to get something done, He only says, ‘Be’ and it Becomes. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  We know that Hazrat Adam (AS) was created by Allah without a father and MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON a mother. So it was no wonder that Allah created Hazrat Isa (AS) without a father.  When he was born he could talk even as a baby. Soon after his birth Hazrat Isa (AS) talked and surprised the people around him. He spoke about the unity of Allah, the chastity of his mother which was being doubted by the people and about his apostleship.  According to the reports, he was made prophet of Allah when he was 30. He did his duty as a prophet for three years and delivered the message of Allah to his nation called Bani Israel (the children of Israel).  Allah bestowed him with several signs to prove his apostleship to his people. The signs were the powers and miracles granted to him by Allah.  He could make birds out of clay, heal incurable diseases like leprosy within minutes, restore the eyes of the blind and also make the dead come alive. He could do all these miracles by the mercy of Allah.  The Quran mentions the miraculous powers of Hazrat Isa in Surah Maidah. The Quran states: “... And behold! You make out of clay, as It were, the figure of a bird by my leave, and you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by My leave, and you heal those born blind, and the lepers, by My leave. And behold! You bring forth the dead by My leave.”’ (5:110) AI- Maidah.  Moreover, Allah bestowed him with the knowledge of the scripture revealed before him, Torah. Also, Allah revealed a scripture on him called Injeel. The Quran states: “And We sent following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming that which came before him In the Torah; and We gave him the Gospel, in which was guidance and light and confirming that which preceded it of the Torah as guidance and instruction for the righteous.” (5:46) AI-Maidah.  He showed the miracles to his people to assure them about his prophethood and also he conveyed the message of Allah to them i.e. to submit to Allah alone and to praise and worship Allah alone without setting up partners with Allah.  But some of his followers made fantasies about him and they considered him a part of Allah even a son of Allah. The Quran states: “They have certainly disbelieved who say that Allah is Christ, the son of Mary….. (5:16) Al Maidah. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  Muslims believe in Hazrat Isa (AS) as a prophet and a servant of Allah. They MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON do not believe that he is the son of Allah. Muslims believe that Allah does not have a son or daughter. He is not like any of the creatures he has created. There is none like him. The Quran states “To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earths how He can have a son when he has no consort?” (6:101) Al-Anam.  According to the reports, after three years of his preaching the Children of Israel became his enemies.  The reason of their enmity was the news they had already received from their scripture Torah. From the scripture they already knew that Hazrat Isa (AS) would abrogate their religion, bringing his religion.  So the children of Israel, other than the few loyal supporters, not only rejected his message but also refused to accept his miracles by calling them the magic.  Their hatred and hostility to Hazrat Isa (AS) became so intense that they even planned to assassinate Hazrat Isa (AS).  They sent a man named Tutyanus to his home in order to assassinate Hazrat Isa (AS).  Meanwhile, Allah sent Hazrat Jibrael with a small cloud through which Hazrat Isa (AS) was ascended to the heavens. This event occurred in the Mosque of Jerusalem in the night of power.  It is reported that Hazrat Isa (AS) was 33 when Allah raised him to heaven.  Allah also made the face of Tutyanus resembling to Hazrat Isa (AS)’s face.  When Tutyanus didn’t return after long; the children of Israel went into the House of Hazrat Isa (AS) and killed Tutyanus considering him to be Hazrat Isa (AS)·  Although Jews and Christians believe they killed Hazrat Isa (AS) or crucified him but Allah declares their beliefs to be false and untrue. The Quran states: “And [for] their saying, Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah.” And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but another was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.” (4:156) Al-Nisa.  After six years of the ascension of Hazrat Isa (AS), his mother Hazrat Maryam (AS) departed from this world. Muslims believe that Hazrat Isa OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com (AS) will be descended on earth few decades before the Final Day of this MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON universe.  He will follow the Shari’ah of Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) and together with Imam Mohammad Mehdi, he will defeat and kill Dajjal.  It is also reported that he will destruct the cross which Christians revere in his remembrance.  For seven years he will rule on earth establishing peace and justice and thereafter he will depart from this world facing death like any other mortal.  He will be buried next to the grave of Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) in Madinah. OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com ASBAB E NUZOOL (SHAN E NUZOOL) MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON SURAH IKHLAS  Different people had questioned the Holy Prophet (PBUH) about the essence and nature of God.  On every occasion Prophet (PBUH), on Allah’s command, recited Surah Al- Ikhlas in response.  Hazrat Abdullah bin Masud has reported that the Quraish said to Prophet (PBUH): “Tell us of the ancestry of your Lord”. Thereupon this Surah was sent down. (Tabrani)  The Jews and Christians also questions to Prophet (PBUH) about Allah.  Hazrat Anas (RZ) has stated that some Jews of Khyber came before the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and they said, “O Abul Qasim, Allah created the angels from light, Adam from rotten clay, Iblis from flame of fire, the sky from smoke, and the earth from the foam of water. Now tell us about your Lord (of what He is made).” The Holy Prophet (PBUH) did not give any reply to this question. Then Hazrat Jibrail came and he said: “O Muhammad, say to them: Huwa Allahu Ahad.”  Ibne Abbas (RZ) has reported that a deputation of the Christians of Najran along with seven priests visited the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and they said: “O Muhammad, tell us what is your Lord like and of what substance He is made”. The Holy Prophet replied, “My Lord is not made from any substance. He is unique and exalted above everything.” Thereupon Allah sent down this Surah.  In all the traditions it is mentioned that this Surah was revealed on this and that occasion.  It should not be considered as the period of revelation of Surah in contradictory.  It is that whenever Mohammad (PBUH) was asked questions about Allah, Allah inspired Prophet (PBUH) to recite the words of Surah Ikhlas.  Thus, the fact is it is a Makki Surah which was revealed when detailed verses about the attributes of Allah were not revealed.  Another evidence of this Surah being one of the earliest Surahs is the cry of Hazrat Bilal (RZ) who used to say “Ahad! Ahad!” when Ummayya bin Khulf tortured him.  The Content of the Surah clearly mentions that Allah has no ancestry; He has no beginning or the ending and has no associates or partners at all. He is OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com absolutely single without any hint of plurality. It is stated “He begets not MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON nor is He begotten”.  It is negating the Christians ideas that God has any physical and human characteristics and also the idea of the trinity which they believed. The Surah clearly mentions “the One and only”.  It also refutes the ideology of atheists who believe God doesn’t exist and He is just an imagination. By mentioning “Say, He is Allah”, Allah clearly highlighting that He does exist as personality not an imagination or philosophy.  Other than believing in the ancestry polytheists believe in many gods which is also refuted by this Surah. SURAH KAUTHAR  The Surah was revealed when Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) was going through period of difficulty with Quraish.  According to Ikrimah when the Holy Prophet was appointed a Prophet and he (PBUH) began to call the people to Islam, the Quraish said: “Mohammad (upon whom be Alllah’s peace and blessings) is cut off from his people as a tree is cut off from its root, which might fall to the ground any movement.”  When, both sons of Prophet (PBUH) had died, the Quraish used this as opportunity to mock and tease Prophet (PBUH).  When the second son of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) died, his own uncle, Abu Lahab (whose house was next to his) hastened to the pagans and gave them the “good news”: Bati Muhammadun al-lail: “Muhammad has become childless this night, or he is cut off from root.”  The Quraish created mental and emotional distress for Prophet (PBUH) by calling him Abtar i.e. the one who is cut off from his root.  Abdullah bin Abbas said: “The eldest son of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was Qasim; next to him was Zainab, next to her Hazrat Abdullah and next to him three daughters, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah and Ruqayyah. Of them first Hazrat Qasim died and then Hazrat Abdullah. Thereupon A‘as bin Wail said: ‘His line has come to an end: now he is abtar (i.e. cut off from root).’  According to other reports same kind of meanness was shown by Abu Jahal and Uqba bin Al Mu’ait by rejoicing at this grievance of Mohammad (PBUH). OLEVEL ISLAMIAT I 2058/01 I HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN I NOTES  +92 317 2631567 [email protected] www.muhammadyousufmemon.com  The Quraish thought and expressed as Prophet (PBUH) had no male MUHAMMAD YOUSUF MEMON descendants to carry his name therefore his message would die when he would pass away.  Muhammad bin Ishaq says: “Whenever the Prophet (PBUH) was mentioned before A’as bin Wa’il the chief of Makkah, he used to say: Let him be alone for he is only a childless man (abtar) with no male offspring. When he dies, there will be no one to remember him.”  Allah revealed these verses of Al-Kauthar (108:1-3) to console and give hope to the Prophet (PBUH) that his enemies will be cut off not him.  Allah assured Prophet (PBUH) that his message and mission will surely remain and will be forwarded and the mission of his enemies will fall. Allah stated: “And He who hates you He will be cut off (from future’s hope).”  To fill his heart with joy and happiness, Allah promised him the abundant blessings in this life and the next.  He was promised to be given the river of paradise, Al-Kauthar and was also reminded about the unique blessings like prophethood and revelations already granted to him.  The Quran states “Verily, We have granted you the Abundance.”  With these blessings and certainty of avengin