Ancient Times History of Science and Technology PDF

ANCIENT, MIDDLE & MODERN Science Technology & Society CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE  Ancient, middle and modern ages Introduction A number of technological innovations begun at the rise of intelligent huma...

ANCIENT, MIDDLE & MODERN Science Technology & Society CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE  Ancient, middle and modern ages Introduction A number of technological innovations begun at the rise of intelligent human beings. As they continue to advance and encounter problems down their path, they began inventing solutions to make their life easier.  Ancient, middle and modern ages Introduction Our five senses are vital for early humans to find their bearing and understand how things work around them. The Egyptians were the pioneers that have explained the existence of our universe. Ancient, middle and modern ages Have you wondered how these early civilizations pushed beyond their known realities and explored the possibility of a universe, a concept that is alien to them? Science Technology & Society TIMES ANCIENT Science Technology & Society SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION Ancient Times Sumerian Civilization The Sumerian civilization was one of the earliest and most influential civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia, located in the region that is now modern-day southern Iraq. It is often considered one of the first urban societies in human history and played a crucial role in shaping the development of human civilization. *The Sumerians lived in the region from around 4500 BCE to 1900 BCE. Ancient Times Sumerian Civilization Agriculture and Irrigation The Sumerians developed advanced irrigation techniques to harness the water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, allowing them to cultivate fertile lands and sustain a large population. Ancient Times Sumerian Civilization Ancient Times Sumerian Civilization Writing System The Sumerians are credited with inventing one of the earliest known writing systems called cuneiform. Cuneiform involved pressing wedge-shaped marks onto clay tablets. This writing system was used for administrative, religious, and literary purposes. Ancient Times Sumerian Civilization Religion and Mythology The Sumerians had a complex pantheon of gods and goddesses. Their religion and mythology influenced the beliefs and practices of later Mesopotamian civilizations, including the Akkadians and Babylonians. Priests and Priestesses are powerful and may have been the 1st Rulers. Ancient Times Sumerian Civilization Mathematics and Astronomy The Sumerians made contributions to mathematics and astronomy. They used a base-60 number system (which influenced our modern system of time measurement) and observed celestial events, including the movements of planets. Science Technology & Society BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION Ancient Times Babylonian Civilization The Babylonian civilization existed from around 1894 BCE to 539 BCE. The Babylonian civilization was an ancient Mesopotamian culture centered around the city of Babylon, located in present-day Iraq. The civilization emerged as a successor to the earlier Sumerian civilization and is known for its significant contributions to various fields, including astronomy, mathematics, law, literature, and architecture. Ancient Times Babylonian Civilization Hammurabi's Code One of the most famous achievements of the Babylonians is the "Code of Hammurabi," a comprehensive legal code that established a set of laws and punishments for various offenses. This code is considered one of the earliest known legal systems and served as a foundation for later legal codes in other civilizations. Ancient Times Babylonian Civilization Hammurabi's Code Retributive Justice: The code is known for its principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." Economic Regulation: The code addressed various economic matters, including commerce, trade, and property rights. Science Technology & Society EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION Ancient Times Egyptian Civilization The Egyptian civilization was one of the world's most ancient and enduring cultures, flourishing along the banks of the Nile River in northeastern Africa for thousands of years. It left an indelible mark on human history with its monumental architecture, intricate religious beliefs, advanced technology, and rich cultural legacy. Ancient Times Egyptian Civilization Pyramids and Monuments The Egyptians are renowned for their impressive architectural achievements, including the construction of massive pyramids as temples dedicated to gods, and other monumental structures like the Sphinx. Ancient Times Egyptian Civilization Hieroglyphic Writing The Egyptians developed a sophisticated writing system known as hieroglyphics. This system used a combination of pictorial symbols and phonetic signs and was used for monumental inscriptions, religious texts, and administrative records. Ancient Times Egyptian Civilization Advanced Medicine and Science The Egyptians had a considerable knowledge of medicine and practiced surgical procedures. Ancient Times Egyptian Civilization Art and Sculpture Egyptian art and sculpture were characterized by their distinctive style, emphasizing harmony, balance, and symbolism. Artworks often depicted gods, and scenes from daily life. Science Technology & Society GREEK CIVILIZATION Ancient Times Greek Civilization The Greek civilization, also known as Ancient Greece, is one of the most influential and enduring cultures in human history. It flourished in the Mediterranean region, particularly on the Greek mainland and the surrounding islands, from roughly the 8th century BCE to the 4th century CE. Ancient Times Greek Civilization Philosophy Ancient Greece produced some of the most famous philosophers, including Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. They explored questions about the nature of reality, ethics, politics, and the human condition. Ancient Times Greek Civilization Democracy The concept of democracy, where citizens participate in decision- making and governance, originated in Athens. While limited to male citizens, Athenian democracy laid the groundwork for later democratic systems. Ancient Times Greek Civilization Olympic Games The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia and brought together athletes from various city- states to compete in sports. These games were a significant cultural and sporting event. Ancient Times Greek Civilization Another contribution of Greek civilization is windmills, which were used in agricultural processing like milling of grains. Science Technology & Society ROMAN CIVILIZATION Ancient Times ROMAN Civilization Roman's great contribution is the Gazette, the first newspaper which contains announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. These were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed. Ancient Times ROMAN Civilization Engineering and Architecture Romans were master builders and engineers. They constructed monumental structures such as roads (notably the famous Roman roads), bridges, amphitheaters (like the Colosseum), and buildings. Ancient Times ROMAN Civilization Record-keeping was easier when the paper was invented; the Roman Empire was able to produce the first book or codex, which was composed of papyrus pages bound together with an animal skin as its cover. Ancient Times ROMAN Civilization Record-keeping was easier when the paper was invented; the Roman Empire was able to produce the first book or codex, which was composed of papyrus pages bound together with an animal skin as its cover. Science Technology & Society THE CHINESE CIVILIZATION Ancient Times The Chinese Civilization The oldest civilization in Asia is Chinese civilization. Silk is one of the things that connect Far East China to the world. Another was the use of acupuncture, which uses needles in which Chinese doctors used this to treat diseases. Ancient Times The Chinese Civilization Tea, which is made of crushed dried tea leaves, was developed, and the first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor. Ancient Times The Chinese Civilization Gun powder was developed by Chinese alchemists. It is made up of charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate, which can generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant. Science Technology & Society MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGES Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages This time period is reflected to be one of the most creative times in mankind’s history. It is believed that it’s here that sparked the beginning of the first industrial revolution. Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages Johan Gutenberg and the Printing Press Johan Gutenberg was able to invent the first printing press which is a more reliable way of printing using a cast type. He utilized wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits, attached to them a metal impression of the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on paper. Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages Zacharias Janssen and the Compound Microscope Guided by the principles used for the invention of eyeglasses in earlier years, the compound microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen. The microscope was key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illnesses Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages Galileo Galilei and the Telescope Galileo Galilei improved the telescope. He used that telescope to discovered new celestial bodies such as four of the moons circling Jupiter, to study Saturn, the observation of the phases of Venus, and the study sunspots on the Sun Ancient Times Medieval/ Middle Ages Science Technology & Society TIMES MODERN Ancient Times Modern Times The rise of the modern industry was witnessed in the 19th century. The effects of scientific and technological developments are evident in the areas of communication, transportation, and electricity.  Ancient Times Modern Times Louis Pasteur and Pasteurization A French Biologist, Microbiologist, and Chemist by the name of Louis Pasteur found a way to solve the problem of food deterioration for dairy products due to spoiling. The answer is pasteurization, wherein it is a process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that cause them to spoil faster. Ancient Times Modern Times  Ancient Times Modern Times Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone in 1876. Though several inventors did pioneering work on electronic voice transmission, the invention quickly took off and revolutionized global business and communication.  Ancient Times Modern Times Alexander Fleming and the Penicillin In 1928, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming noticed bacteria-filled Petri dish in his laboratory, the sample had become contaminated with mold, and everywhere the mold was, the bacteria were dead.  Ancient Times Modern Times Alexander Fleming and the Penicillin That antibiotic mold turned out to be the fungus Penicillium, and over the next two decades, chemists purified it and developed the drug Penicillin. which fights a huge number of bacterial infections in humans without harming the humans themselves. Penicillin was being mass-produced and advertised in 1944.  Ancient Times Modern Times Samuel M. Kier and the Kerosene Samuel M. Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum. Illuminating oil was the other name of kerosene because it was used to provide lighting to homes and later was applied for heating purposes.  THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Science Technology & Society  Ancient Times The history of science and technology in the Philippines Pre-colonial Era Prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century, indigenous peoples in the Philippines had their own knowledge systems and technologies. These included farming techniques, boat- building skills, metallurgy, and traditional medicine.  Ancient Times The history of science and technology in the Philippines Colonial Era The arrival of Spanish colonizers introduced new technologies, including architecture and construction methods. The Spanish established schools and universities, contributing to the spread of Western science and knowledge. However, indigenous knowledge and practices continued alongside these developments.  Ancient Times The history of science and technology in the Philippines American Colonial Period The early 20th century saw an emphasis on education and modernization under American rule. The University of the Philippines was established, leading to the growth of scientific research and technological advancement.  Ancient Times The history of science and technology in the Philippines World War II and Post-War Period The Philippines' involvement in World War II and subsequent recovery influenced scientific and technological development. After the war, there was a push to rebuild infrastructure and industries.  Ancient Times The history of science and technology in the Philippines Modern Era In the latter half of the 20th century, the Philippines saw advancements in various fields, including agriculture, healthcare, and information technology. The growth of universities, research institutions, and government agencies dedicated to science and technology further contributed to progress. Ancient Times ACTIVITY 2: The Big and The Small Reflection Paper Film Clip: The Big History of Modern Science by HannuRajaniemi - TEDxDanubia Ancient Times ACTIVITY 3: STANDING IN THE SHOULDER OF GIANTS Reflection Paper https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/big-history- project/big-bang/how-did-big-bang-change/a/standing-on-the- shoulders-of-invisible-giants