1.-2024_History-of-Medical-Technology-in-USA-and-in-the-Global-Settings.pdf

History of Medical Technology in the US and in the Global Settings College of Allied Medical Professions Medical Laboratory Science Learning Objectives Trace the development of medical technology education and practice. Recognize the history and define the practice...

History of Medical Technology in the US and in the Global Settings College of Allied Medical Professions Medical Laboratory Science Learning Objectives Trace the development of medical technology education and practice. Recognize the history and define the practice of the medical technology profession by understanding the nature and, roles & responsibilities of a medical technology professional.  HISTORY v Knowledge about the past v helps us understand the present v Shapes the way we view the present 1 History of Medical Technology in the Global Setting Ancient Times Medical diagnosis started from the days of Imhotep 3rd Dynasty of Old Kingdom served under the pharaoh Djoser (reigned 2667-2648 BC) as his vizier or chief minister, high priest, chief builder and carpenter founder of Egyptian medicine  Medical diagnosis started from the days of Imhotep author of the so-called Smith papyrus containing a collection of 48 specimen clinical records with detailed accurate record of the features and treatment of various injuries Reference - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19203075/  Medical diagnosis started from the days of Imhotep considered by Egyptian people as the "inventor of healing", soon after the death, he was worshiped as a demigod, and 2000 years later he was elevated to the position of a god of medicine and healing His cult reached its zenith during Greco-Roman times when he was identified with the Greek god of medicine Asclepius Reference - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19203075/  Ancient times Cave drawings and Egyptian hieroglyphics - Color - Turbidity - Odor - Volume - Viscosity - Sweetness BEGINNINGS 460 BC – Hippocrates “Hippocratic Oath” 4 Humors or Body Fluids Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile and Black Bile 5th century B.C. - 🕮Uroscopy AD 1140 - color charts VIVIAN HERRICK Traced the beginning of MT back to 1500 BC when intestinal parasites such as Taenia & Ascaris were mentioned. A large mass of Ascaris coming from the intestinal tract  EBERS PAPYRUS A book for treatment of diseases contains description of the three stages of hookworm infection.  Believes that medical technology began from the MEDIEVAL PERIOD (1096-1438) as supported by the fact that urinalysis was a fad. 🕮 Author: Introduction to the Profession of Medical Technology  Anne Fagelson believed that medical technology started in the 14th century when a prominent Italian doctor Mondino de Liuzzi at the University of Bologna employed Alessandra Giliani to perform different tasks in the laboratory. Unfortunately, she died due to laboratory-acquired infection.  Compound Microscope RBCs, Protozoans Bacteria according to shape Rudolf Virchow Father of Cellular Pathology  HERMANN FEHLING Performed the FIRST QUANTITATIVE TEST in URINE SUGAR in 1884. Reference: https://unigeschichte.unibas.ch/materialien/rektoren/hermann-fehling MIDDLE OF 15 CENTURY th Aniline Dyes were used in staining microorganisms Bacterial staining and microscopic study on bacteria were made possible.  JEAN BAPTISTE van HELMONT a chemist, physiologist, and physician from Brussels sometimes considered to be "the founder of pneumatic chemistry Introduced the gravimetric analysis of urine Reference: http://history.alberta.ca/energyheritage/gas/creation-of-an-industry/industrial-revolution-creates-a- market/jean-baptiste-van-helmont.aspx  Pioneered the best qualitative analysis of urine Described the sweet taste of the urine for the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus Frederick Dekkers demonstrated the presence of protein in urine, as well as described albuminuria (coagulation of albumin in heat and acetic acid test) 20 th Century  The practice of medical technology became known to Germany, Greece, Japan, Turkey, England and the US To date, there are many personalities, industries and corporate bodies that continually develop techniques, machines and procedures 2 History of Medical Technology in United States of America Dr. William Welch a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York Studied pathology and bacteriology in Germany Established a lab at Bellevue Hospital Medical College 1st laboratory course in pathology in the American medical school 1st professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University  DR. WILLIAM OSLER He opened the first clinical laboratory in 1896 at JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL with Dr. Simon Flexner as resident pathologist of the laboratory.  William Pepper Laboratory Opened at University of Pennsylvania in 1896 1915 State legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have adequate laboratory and to employ full time laboratory technician DR. JAMES TODD “CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY LABORATORY METHODS” The book became the standard reference for laboratories  CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY LABORATORY METHODS Dr. James Todd Dr. Arthur Sanford Dr. John Bernard Henry  One of the first schools for training workers & the first to offer a degree level program Offered “Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians”  Quality Movement In 1920, Clinical Labs became distinct administrative units of service Biochemistry Clinical Pathology Bacteriology Serology/Immunology Radiology  1921: Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized 1922: American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) 1923: University of Minnesota offered training to laboratory workers  1928: Board of Registry was established which developed the Code of Ethics for technicians and technologists: “I shall agree to work under the supervision of a physician, refrain from making written or oral diagnosis, & refrain from advising physicians on treatment options w/out the supervision of a physician or pathologists” 1932: American Society of Clinical Laboratory Technicians 1935: Required a college degree for Medical Technology certification Marked effects in laboratory medicine: The use of blood increased and the “closed system” of blood collection was widely used. Instrumentation advanced and these instruments paved the measurement of the intensity of color produced. Automated equipment appeared and quality control programs became common.  1940 The United States required a 2-year collegiate education and 12-month actual training in laboratory for actual practice.  1950: Medical Technology’s Government Recognition, a standard curriculum was formalized 1967: Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 was enacted, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards was formed 1977: American National Standards Institute  1975: MTs were required to have Bachelor’s degree, High School Diploma and 4-year of Laboratory Experience 1992: Implementation of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 Thank You