Plumbing Systems and Pipes PDF

**Plumbarius** refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome **Plumbum** on the other hand, meant lead. **Plumbing has Two Main Objectives** 1 To supply water to different parts of the building. 2\. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances **Air Gap**...

**Plumbarius** refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome **Plumbum** on the other hand, meant lead. **Plumbing has Two Main Objectives** 1 To supply water to different parts of the building. 2\. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances **Air Gap** An air gap in a water supply system, is the **unobstructed vertical distance** through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet sup- plying water to a tank. **Back flow** Is the **flow of water**, or other liquid mixture or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source. **Riser** Is a **water supply pipe** which extend vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches or fixtures. **Standpipe** A **vertical pipe** usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure. **Liquid Waste** -- Is the **discharge from any fixture**, appliance or appurtenance in connection. **Relief Vent** A relief vent's primary function is to **provide circulation of air** between drainage and vent systems. **Lateral** - In plumbing, it is a **secondary pipe.** In sewage, a common sewer to which no other common sewer is tributary. **Main Vent** Is the **principal artery** of the venting system to which vent branches may be connected. **Stack Venting** Is a **method of venting** a fixture or fixtures through the soil or waste stack **Wet Vent** -- Is a vent that receives the **discharge from wastes other than water closet** **Dry Vent** A vent that **does not carry water** or water borne wastes. **Continuous Vent** -- Is a vertical vent that is a **continuation** of the drain to which the vent connects. **Common Vent** Is a drain from two or three fixture connected to a single trap. It is also called a **dual vent.** **Cross Connection** Is any physical connection between **two otherwise separate piping system,** one contains potable water, and the other from unknown or question- able safety, whereby, water may flow from one system to the other direction of flow depending on the pressure differential between the two systems. **Dead End** Is the extended portion of a pipe that is **Closed at one end** permitting the stagnation of water or air therein. **Solid Waste** that is being **discharged by water** **Liquid Waste** that are **coming from various fixtures** Any pipe that conveys waste from **various fixtures other than water closet** is called **Waste Pipe,** and those pipes that convey waste **coming from water closet** is called **Soil Pipe**. **Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe** is made from **alloy** of cast iron and silicon. It is widely used in chemical laboratories. **Asbestos pipe** is made of **asbestos fibers and Portland cement.** The thickness of the pipe is twice as that of the standard cast iron pipe. **Waste Pipe** Is a pipe that conveys liquid waste from fixture that is free of **fecal matter.** **Cast Iron Pipe** the **most popular** and generally specified material for drainage system. **Cast Iron Pipes are of Two Types** 1. The **SV type** which is generally used for building installations and, 2. The **XV type** classified as extra duty pipe used for underground installations **Cast Iron Pipes has Four Varieties** 1. Standard pipe 2. Single Hub pipe 3. Double Hub pipe 4. Hubless pipe **Galvanized steel pipe** is made out from **mild steel,** drawn through a die and welded, cast into 6.00 meters long. This type of pipe is easily corroded by alkaline and acid water. **Bituminous fiber** sewer pipe is the **cheapest** among the sewer pipes. **Vitrified clay pipe** is one of the **oldest** materials used for sewer lines. **Galvanized wrought iron pipe** is better in quality than the **steel pipe for plumbing installation.** Tests showed that wrought iron pipe is more resistant to acid waste than the steel pipe. **Brass pipe** is one of the **most expensive** types of pipe. This pipe is made of an alloy or zinc and copper mixed at 15% and 85%. **Copper pipe** is a **durable** and extremely corrosive resistant material. **Plastic pipe** is a new concept in the field of plumbing It was introduced in the **Philippines**. **Lead Pipe** is also one of the **oldest plumbing** materials used by the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Roman build ers as soil and waste pipe.