Fundamentals of Plumbing PDF

Fundamentals of Plumbing BUILDING UTILITIES 1  Terminologies Plumbing - The art and technique of installing in building the pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses for bringing in the water supply, liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them and such, water, liqu...

Fundamentals of Plumbing BUILDING UTILITIES 1  Terminologies Plumbing - The art and technique of installing in building the pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses for bringing in the water supply, liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them and such, water, liquid, and other carried wastes affecting health and sanitation and hazardous to life and property, and fixtures after installation.  Terminologies Master Plumber - A person technically and legally qualified and licensed to practice the profession of Master Plumbing without limitations.  Terminologies Sanitary Engineer - Sanitary surveys, reports, design, direction, management, consultation, professional research and laboratory work, and investigation of: 1. Water purification plants, water collection and distribution systems, reservoirs, drainage and sewer systems, sewage treatment plants, malaria control structures, sewage disposal tanks, and other structures for public health and welfare. 2. Projects relating to stream pollution, insect and vermin control or eradication, rural and camp sanitation, and milk and food sanitation. 3. Systems for the prevention of atmospheric pollution or the control of indoor air, especially the air of working spaces in industrial establishments (industrial hygiene engineering).  Terminologies Pipe Fitter - Responsible for installing, repairing, and maintaining piping systems for heating and cooling, high-pressure transport, oil and chemicals, natural gas, and more.  Terminologies NAMPAP - National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines PSMPE - Philippines Society of Master Plumbers and Plumbing Engineers  Terminologies Shaft - A vertical opening e.g., elevators, dumbwaiter, light ventilation, or similar purpose  Terminologies Chase - Vertical shaft i.e., for pipe stacks  Terminologies Roughing In - includes the plumbing work done before the settling of the fixtures or finishing.  Terminologies Plumbing System - includes the water supply, liquids, substances and other ingredients distributing pipes; and those pipes removing them and such water, liquid, and other carried wastes; the fixture and fixture traps; the soil, waste, and vent pipes; the house drain, the foundation drain, the house sewer; the storm water drainage, the drainage ejectors, all with their devices, appurtenances and connections within or on a building, a factory, or an industry.  Terminologies Plumbing Unit - A minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installations including: - One (1) water meter - One (1) water closet - One (1) lavatory - One (1) shower head & drain - One (1) kitchen sink - One (1) laundry tray - Three (3) floor drains - Four (4) faucets/bibb  Terminologies Plumbing Appliances - A special class of device or equipment intended to perform a special plumbing function.  Terminologies Plumbing Appurtenances - A manufactured device/prefabricated assembly; on-the-job assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures.  Terminologies Plumbing Accessories  Terminologies Plumbing Fixture - A receptacle which water or water wastes may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.  Terminologies Fixture Unit - Arbitrary quantity of the load producing effects or water requirements on the plumbing system expressed in some arbitrarily chosen scale. - 28.3 liters per minute - 1 cu ft per minute - 7.5 gallons per minute  Terminologies Bathroom - Equipped with shower stall or bathtub. Full Bath - a water closet, lavatory, shower, and bathtub. Three Quarter Bath - a water closet, lavatory, and shower. Half Bath / Powder Room - a water closet and lavatory  Terminologies Handheld Bidet Sprayer / Hand Spray Bidet  Terminologies Bidet - Washing the middle part of the body, especially the genitals. A Sitz Bath.  Terminologies Water Closet - Receptacles which are used to provide, receive and discharge water, liquid, and water-carried wastes into a drainage system with which they are connected to.  Terminologies Flushometer Tank - Air accumulator vessel; to discharge a predetermined quantity of water for flushing purposed Flushometer Valve - To discharge a predetermined quantity of water for flushing purposes; actuated by direct water pressure  Terminologies Latrine - a water closet with continuous trough containing water.  Terminologies Lavatory - washing of the hands or face. Sink - a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes.  Terminologies Air Gap (water distribution) - unobstructed vertical distance through free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood-level rim of any tank, vat, or fixture.  Terminologies Airbreak - physical separation / a lot inlet into indirect waste receptor from fixture, appliance, device indirectly connected. Air Gap (drainage) - Unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe to the flood level rim.  Terminologies Indirect Waste Pipe - A waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage. Receptor - Approved plumbing fixture/device to adequately receive discharge from indirect waste pipes.  Terminologies Critical Level - C-L or C/L established by the testing laboratory, determines the minimum elevation above the flood level rim of the fixture.  Terminologies Flood Level - The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of a fixture Flood Level Rim - Top edge of a receptacle  Terminologies Battery of Fixtures - two or more similar adjacent fixtures with discharge into a common horizontal or soil branch  Terminologies Swimming Pool - a water receptacle used for swimming/water basin  Terminologies Ground Water - the water that is standing in or passing through the ground Surface Water - portion of a rainfall or other precipitation, which runs off over the surface of the ground Potable Water - satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes  Terminologies Contamination - impairment of the quality of the potable water which creates an actual hazard to the public health through poisoning or spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids or waste. Pollution - an impairment of the quality of the water to a degree which creates hazard to the public health and adversely affects the aesthetic and potable qualities of waters for domestic use.  Terminologies Water Treatment - device which conditions/treats water supply to improve water quality, remove suspended solids by filtration  Terminologies Water Supply System - Consists of water service pipe, water supply line, water distributing pipe and necessary branch pipes, fittings, and all appurtenances required for the supply of potable water. - Water Main - Service Pipe - Gate Valve - Water Meter - Check Valve - Building Supply Pipe - Fixture Pipe - Faucet  Terminologies Direct / Upfeed System - Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main Riser - A water supply pipe, which extends vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.  Terminologies Air Pressure/ Pneumatic System - Used when pressure supplied by city water supply is inadequate. Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system.  Terminologies Downfeed / Overhead feed / Gravity System - Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.  Terminologies Sewerage / Sewerage Works - construction, collection, transportation, pumping treatment and final disposition of sewage Sewage - the liquid wastes from buildings, and with such ground surface, and storm water as may be present/any wastewater (animal or vegetable matter) in suspension and solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution Sewer - pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquids  Terminologies Drainage System - Includes all the piping within public or private premises. Conveys sewage or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal. Does not include the mains of a public sewer system or a public sewage treatment or disposal plant Sanitary Sewage / Domestic Sewage - The wastewater containing human excrement and liquid household waste  Terminologies Liquid Waste - discharge from any fixture, etc., which does not receive fecal matter Industrial Waste - all liquid or water-borne waste from industrial or commercial processes except domestic sewage. Special Waste - require special methods of handling use of indirect waste piping and receptors, corrosion resistant piping, sand, oil or grease interceptors, condensers or other pre-treatment facilities.  Terminologies Sanitary Drainage System - The drainage pipe of a plumbing system take the wastewater from the plumbing fixtures and deliver it to the sewer or some other outlet does not include the mains of a public sewer system, public sewage treatment, disposal plant.  Terminologies Sanitary Drainage System - Soil Pipe - Waste Pipe - Vent Pipe - Stack - Branch - Fixture Drain - House / Building Drain  Terminologies House Sewer - Is that part of a plumbing system extending from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge and conveying the drainage of one building site.  Terminologies Main Sewer / Public Sewer - A common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all abutters have equal rights of connections. Private Sewer - Privately owned/not directly controlled by the public authority / building sewer w/c receives the discharge from more than one building drain and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewage disposal system, or other points of disposal Private Sewage Disposal System - A septic tank with the effluent discharging into a subsurface disposal field and seepage pit  Terminologies Septic Tank - A watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a sanitary plumbing system or part thereof, designed and constructed to retain solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through a system of open-jointed sub- surface pipings or a seepage pit meeting the requirements of the national plumbing code.  Terminologies Cesspool - a pit for the reception or detention of sewage/non-watertight lined excavation; permitting liquid to seep through the bottom and sides of the cesspool Leaching Cesspool - A cesspool that is not watertight Seepage Pit - Loosely lined excavation in the ground, receives discharge of septic tank; seep through pit bottom and sides  Terminologies Privy / Outhouse - structure used for the deposition of excrement Privy Vault - a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects  Terminologies Vent Piping System - Pipes installed to provide flow of air to or from a drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and backpressure.  Terminologies Vent Piping System - Vent Stack / Main Vent - Stack Vent - Stack Vent Thru Roof - Branch Vent - Dry Vent - Wet Vent - Individual Vent / Back Vent - Unit Vent - Loop Vent / Circuit Vent - Looped Vent - Relief Vent - Yoke Vent - Local Vent  Terminologies Combination Waste and Vent System - Specially designed system of waste piping; horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks/floor drains by a common horizontal waste and vent pipe  Terminologies Storm Drainage System - conveys storm water to a satisfactory terminal.  Terminologies Storm Drainage System - Gutter - Roof Drain - Downspout - Catch Basin - Storm Sewer  Terminologies Storm Water - That portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the earth surface after the storm.  Terminologies Pipe - A cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular dimensions commonly known as pipe size a denoted by its interior diameter or I.D.  Terminologies Bell and Hub - sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the diameter for making a joint  Terminologies Length of a Pipe - the length as measured along its center line  Terminologies Invert - the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe  Terminologies Grade - the slope or fall of a line of pipe in reference to a horizontal plane  Terminologies Supports / Hangers / Anchors / Brackets / Cradles - devices for holding/securing pipe and fixtures to walls, ceiling, floors, or structural members  Terminologies Trap - A fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it. - Common P-trap - Deep seal P-trap - Stand Trap - Drum Trap - S- Trap - Running Trap  Terminologies Return Bend - an open return bend, made up of two 90° bends with inside threads and outside threads; 180° bend in copper tubings Tailpiece - pipe or tubing that connects the outlet of a plumbing fixture to a trap  Terminologies Double - Bend Fitting - a pipe fitting shaped like the “S” Offset - combination of elbows or bends, w/c brings one section of the pipe out of line parallel with the original section Double Offset - two offsets in succession or in series in the same line  Terminologies Dead End - the extended portion of the pipe that is closed to one end Durham System - soil or waste system where all piping are of threaded pipe, tubing, rigid construction using recessed drainage fittings  Terminologies Backflow - flow of water into a water supply system from any source other than its regular source Backflow Connection - condition/arrangement where reverse flow can occur Backpressure Backflow - occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the supply pressure (pump, boilers, gravity/other source of pressure)  Terminologies Siphonage - a suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes (pressure less than atmospheric) Vacuum - an air pressure less than atmospheric Vacuum Breaker - Backflow preventer  Terminologies Backwater Valve - device installed in drainage system to prevent reverse flow  Terminologies Sump - approved tank or pit, receives sewage or wastewater located below normal grade of the gravity system and must be emptied by mechanical means  Terminologies Clarifier - intercept or to separate, and prevent the passage of oil, grease, sand Grease Trap - device to retain grease from one to four fixtures (maximum) Grease Interceptor - interceptor of 3 cubic meters capacity  Terminologies Standpipe - a vertical pipe or a reservoir, into which water is pumped to give it a head Wet Standpipe - water pressure maintained at all time Dry Standpipe - having no permanent water inside the pipe  END Fundamentals of Plumbing BUILDING UTILITIES 1