Engg-utilities-2.-Plumbing.pdf

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 PLUMBING SYSTEM 1. Purified  2. Distilled Water The term plumbing is derived from the Latin Tower- a tower into which water is pumped word plumbum for lead (Pb). Historians to a height sufficient...

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 PLUMBING SYSTEM 1. Purified  2. Distilled Water The term plumbing is derived from the Latin Tower- a tower into which water is pumped word plumbum for lead (Pb). Historians to a height sufficient to maintain a desired theorize that lead leaching into drinking pressure for distribution to customers or for water from water supply pipes and lead from firefighting. other resources poisoned the Roman aristocracy, contributing to the decline of the Water Main- a main pipe or conduit through Roman Empire. The Roman plumber was an which a public or community water system artisan who worked with lead. Both male and conveys water to all service connections. female plumbers soldered, installed and Corporation Stop- a valve controlling the repaired roofs, gutters, sewers, drains and flow of water or gas from a main to a service every part of the plumbing supply waste and pipe. Also called Corporation Cock. storm drainage systems. Curb Cock- a control valve for shutting off the Plumbing- the system of pipes valves, fixtures water supply to a building in case of an & other apparatus of a warm supply or emergency, installed in a water service pipe sewage system. & operated by means of a long key inserted Water Supply- the supply of purified water to through a curb box. Also called Curb Stop. a community, usually including such facilities Curb Box- a vertical enclosure with a as reservoirs & pipelines for storing and removable cover providing access to a curb distributing this water. cock. Also called Buffalo Box. Cistern- reservoir or tank for storing or Service Pipe- a pipe connecting a building to holding water such as rainwater collected a water or gas main, usually installed by or from a roof for use when required. under the jurisdiction of a public utility. Aqueduct- a conduit or artificial channel for Shutoff Valve- any valve for shutting off the conducting water from remote source, flow of water or gas from a supply pipe. usually by gravity esp. an elevated structure Water Meter- a device for measuring and constructed by the romans to carry a water recording the quantity of water that passes channels across a valley or over a river. through a pipe. Well- a hole drilled of bored into earth to Head- the pressure at the lower of 2 given obtain water, petroleum of natural gas. points in a liquid, expressed in terms of the Aquifer- a geological formation containing or ver. Distance bet. The points, also called conducting groundwater esp. one capable of Pressure Head. providing water in usable quantities to spring Gravity Water System- a water supply and or wells. distribution system in which the water source Artesian well- a well in which water rises is set at a height sufficient to maintain under pressure from a permeable/absorptive adequate supply pressure throughout the layer overlaid by impermeable rock. water distribution system. Reservoir- a natural or artificial place where Branch- any member of a piping system water is collected & stored for use, esp. water other than a main riser or stack. for supplying a community, irrigating land or Riser- a vertical pipe, conduit or duct in a furnishing power. utility system. Raw Water- water that requires treatment Drainage System- a system of pipes, traps before it can be used for drinking. and other apparatus for conveying sewage, Water Treatment- the act or process of waste water or rainwater to a public sewer or making water more potable or useful by a private treatment facility. purifying, clarifying or softening. Vent System- a system of pipes supplying a Potable Water- water fit for human flow of air to or from a drainage system or consumption. providing a circulation of air within the Types of Potable Water system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure. connected. Fixture Drain- a drain extending from the trap Wet Vent- an oversized pipe functioning both of a plumbing fixture to a junction with a as a solid or waste pipe and a vent. waste or soil stack. Building Drain- the lowest part of a drainage Battery- a group of two or more similar system that receives the discharge from soil plumbing fixtures discharging into a common and waste stacks inside the walls of a waste or soil branch. building & conveys it by gravity to the Stack Vent- the extension of a soil or waste building sewer. Also called House Drain. stack above the highest horizontal drain Cleanout- a pipe fitting with a removable connected to the stack. Also called soil vent plug giving access to a soil or waste pipe for or waste vent. inspection or cleaning. Relief Vent- a vent that provides circulation Building Trap- a trap installed in the building of air between a drainage and a venting drain to prevent the passage of sewer gases system by connecting a vent stack to a from the building sewer to the drainage horizontal drain between the first fixture and system of a building. Not all plumbing codes the soil or waste stack. require a building trap. Also called House Trap. Branch Drain- a drain connecting one or Sump- a pit or reservoir serving as a drain more fixtures to a soil or waste stack. receptacle for water or other liquids. Vent Stack- a vertical vent installed primarily Sump Pump- a pump for removing the to provide circulation of air to or from any accumulations of liquid from a sump. part of drainage system. Stack- a vertical waste pipe or vent pipe Invert - the lowest point of the interior of a serving a number of floors. drainpipe or sewer where the liquid is deepest. Branch Vent- a vent connecting one or more Fresh-air Inlet- a vent pipe admitting fresh air individual vents with a vent stack or stack into the drainage system of a building, vent. connected to the building drain at or before Soil Stack- a vertical soil pipe. the building trap. Loop Vent- a circuit vent that loops back and Building Sewer- a drain connecting a building connects with a stack vent instead of a vent drain to a public sewer or private treatment stack. facility, also called House Sewer. Common Vent- a single vent serving two Sewer- a pipe or other artificial conduit, fixture drains connected at the same level. usually underground, for carrying off sewage Also called Dual Vent. and other liquid waste to a treatment plant Circuit Vent- a vent serving two or more or other point of disposal. traps and extending from in front of the last Waste Pipe- any pipe carrying the discharge fixture connection of a horizontal branch to from plumbing fixtures other than water the vent stack. closets or urinals. Continuous Vent- a vertical vent formed by a Sanitary Sewer- a sewer conveying only the continuation of the drain line to which it sewage from plumbing fixtures and excluding connects. storm water. Back Vent- a vent installed on the sewer side Sewage- the liquid waste containing animal of a trap. or vegetable matter in suspension or solution Fall- the downward slope of a pipe, conduit that passes through a sewer. or channel expressed either as a percentage PROGRESSION OF A FIRE (2% is the Ideal Slope as per NPCP) Branch Interval- a length of soil or waste There are 4 stages in the progression of a fire: stack corresponding to a story height but 1. Ignition - the first stage of any fire begins, never less than 2.40m (8ft.) withing which the Ignition requires the proper blend of oxygen horizontal branch drains from one floor are (air), heat and fuel. 2. Flame Spread - the characteristic of rapid the water source, street main or a crawling tongues of fire that lick across the pump to the building and to various surface walls, ceilings, floors and supporting points in the building at which water is timbers. The nature and combustibility of the used. material govern the speed and intensity of 2. The plumbing fixtures. The receptacles flame spread. that receive the supplied water and 3. Flashover - as the fire intensifies & mixture allow the occupants of the building to of gases and air reach critical proportions, use the water. the material ignites in a great ball of fire 3. The drainage system. The piping called the flashover stage. - it instantly network within the building which consumes the surrounding oxygen and can conveys from the plumbing fixtures all raise the premise temperature to exceed wastes and fecal matter (sanitary 1500°F (816°C) - during the flashover stage, drainage) as well as rainwater (storm the fire might reach explosive proportions. drainage) to a point of disposal or a 4. Consumption - the final stage in the treatment facility. burning sequence is the fiery consumption of The plumber the material itself as it burns to ash. - the rate of destruction depends on the amount of The plumber is the one who works or oxygen-rich air reaching the burning area engages in the business of installing in and the combustibility of the fully ignited buildings the pipe fixtures and other material. apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne wastes. 1. Apprentice plumber – a beginner at the tbale who usually serves for 3 to 5 years as helper to a journeyman. Plumbing, the art and technique of installing 2. Journeyman Plumber – has served his pipes, fixtres and other apparatuses in apprenticeship and is competent to buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, perform the tasks of installing and substances and/ or ingridents and removing repairing plumbing. them; and such water, liquid ad other carried- 3. Master Plumber – a person technically waste hazardous to health, sanitation, life and legally qualified and licensed to and property pipes and fixtures after practice the profession of master installation the “plumbing system” plumbing without limitations in PLUMBING SYSTEM accordance with Republic act 1378, Plumbing system includes all potable water having passed the examinations supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing conducted by the PRC, has received a fixtures and traps, all sanitary and storm certificate of registration from the drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, board master plumbing and possesses leaders and downspouts; and all building the current license to practice. drains and sewers, including their respective THE PLUMBING CODE joints and connections; devices, receptacles, The basic goal of the national plumbing code and appurtenances within the property; of the Philippines is to ensure the qualified water lines in the premises. observance of the latest provisions of the plumbing and environmental laws. A plumbing system, reduced to its simplest THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE terms, consists of a supply pipe leading to a NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE fixture and a drainpipe taking the used water 1. All premises intended for human use or away from this fixture. habitation shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, The system constitutes the following: neither connected to unsafe water supply nor a subject to backflow or 1. The water supply and water back- siphonage. distribution system. Carries water from 2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and such tests to effectively disclose all appurtenances shall be supplied with leaks and defects in the workmanship. water in sufficient volume and 14. Substance which will clog the pipies, pressure adequate to function produce explosive mixtures, destroy satisfactorily and without undue noise. the pipes or their joints or interfere 3. Plumbing shall be designed and unduly with the sewage disposal adjusted to use the minimum quantity process shall not be allowed to enter of water consistent with proper the building drainage system. performance and cleaning. 15. Proper protection shall be provided to 4. Devices for heating and storing water prevent contamination of food, water, shall be so designed and installed as to sterile goods and similar materials by prevent dangers from explosion backflow of sewage. When necessary, through overheating. the fixture, devices or appliance shall 5. Every building abutting on a street, be connected indirectly with the alley or easement with a public sewer building drainage system. shall connect its plumbing fixtures to 16. No water closet shall be located in a the sewer system. room or compartment which is not 6. Each family dwelling unit shall have properly lighted and ventilated. atleast one water closet, one kitchen 17. If there is no sewer system in the area, type sink, a lavatory and a bathtub or suitable provision shall be made for shower to meet the basic requirements the disposal of building sewage by of sanitation and personal hygiene. some accepted method of sewage 7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of treatment and disposal, such as a smooth non-absorbent material, free septic tank. from concealed fouling surfaces and 18. Where a plumbing drainage system shall be located in ventilated may be subject to backflow of sewage, enclosures. suitable provision shall be made to 8. The drainage system shall be designed, prevent its overflow in the building. constructed and maintained to 19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained safeguard against fouling, deposit of in serviceable condition by registered solids, clogging and with adequate master plumbers. cleanouts so arranged that the pipes 20.All plumbing fixtures shall be installed may be readily cleaned. properly spaced, to be accessible for 9. All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP- their intended use. approved materials, free from 21. Plumbing shall be installed with defective workmanship, designed and respect due regard to the preservation constructed by Registered Master of the strength of structural members Plumbers to ensure satisfactory and the prevention of damage to walls services. and other surfaces through fixture 10. Each fixture directly connected to the usage. drainage system shall be equipped 22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing with a water- sealed trap. systems, which may be deleterious to 11. The drainage pipes piping system shall surface or sub-surface waters shall not be designed to provide adequate be discharged into the ground or into circulation of air free from siphonage, any waterway, unless first rendered aspiration or forcing of trap seals innocuous through subjection to some under ordinary use. acceptable form of treatment. 12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to prevent BRIEF HISTORY OF PLUMBING PRACTICE IN clogging and the return of foul air to THE PHILIPPINES the building.  In 1902, the plumbing trade was duly 13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to  recognized by the government in the city of Manila. Master plumber John F. Hass became the first chief of the division of plumbing Construction and inspection. A plumbing code based on the plumbing code of the United states was incorporated into the building code for the city of manila.  In 1935, the national master plumbers association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized.  Manila City ordinance 2411, the “Plumbing Code of the City of Manila” was enacted and placed under the department of public services, Manila.  In 1954, the third Congress approved House Bill No. 962 which in June 18, 1955, became R.A 1378 “Plumbing Law of the Philippines” upon ratification of President Ramon Magsaysay.  On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing code of the Philippines prepared by NAMPAP was promulgated and approved by Malacanang.  Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the “Building Code of the Philippines” was passed with the “National Plumbing Code of 1959” as referral code in full text.