Reviewer for Philippine History PDF

Group 1 -- Kalakalang Galyon at ang Kanal Suez Group 2 -- Edukasyong Kontrolado ng mga Prayle Group 3 -- Paglaganap ng Ideyang Liberalismo sa Europa at Constitusyon ng Cadiz Group 4 -- Mga salik na nakapagpausbong ng damdaming Pilipino Group 5 -- Ang Kilusang Propaganda Group 6 -- Ang La Solida...

Group 1 -- Kalakalang Galyon at ang Kanal Suez Group 2 -- Edukasyong Kontrolado ng mga Prayle Group 3 -- Paglaganap ng Ideyang Liberalismo sa Europa at Constitusyon ng Cadiz Group 4 -- Mga salik na nakapagpausbong ng damdaming Pilipino Group 5 -- Ang Kilusang Propaganda Group 6 -- Ang La Solidaridad at ang La Liga Filipina Group 7 -- Ang Kabataan at Edukasyon ni Rizal Group 8 -- Ang Pamilya Rizal Group 9 -- Noli Me Tangere Group 10 -- El Filibusterismo \#\#\# Comprehensive Reviewer for Philippine History \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Historical Figures and Events\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*GOMBURZA\*\* \- Padre Gomez, Burgos, Zamora \- Binitay sa Cavite gamit ang garote noong Pebrero 17, 1872. \- Naging simbolo ng paglaban sa kawalang-katarungan at mulat ng diwang nasyonalista. \#\#\#\# \*\*Sarhento La Madrid\*\* \- Pinuno ng pag-aalsa ng mga rebelde sa Cavite noong 1872. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Filipino Nationalism and Reform Movements\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*La Liga Filipina (1892)\*\* \- Itinatag ni \*\*Jose Rizal\*\*. \- Layunin: Pagkakaisa ng mga Pilipino para sa mapayapang reporma. \- \*\*Andres Bonifacio\*\* -- Isa sa mga kasapi. \#\#\#\# \*\*Katipunan (KKK)\*\* \- \*\*Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan\*\*. \- Itinatag nina \*\*Andres Bonifacio\*\*, \*\*Ladislao Diwa\*\*, at \*\*Teodoro Plata\*\* noong 1892. \- \*\*Layunin\*\*: \- Kalayaan ng Pilipinas mula sa Espanya. \- Pagbabago sa lipunan at pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahi. \- \*\*Mga Tauhan\*\*: \- Andres Bonifacio \- Emilio Jacinto (Utak ng Katipunan) \- Gregoria de Jesus (Lakambini ng Katipunan) \- Ladislao Diwa \- Teodoro Plata \#\#\#\# \*\*La Solidaridad\*\* \- Pahayagan ng Kilusang Propaganda na naglalathala ng mga reporma para sa Pilipinas. \- \*\*Graciano Lopez Jaena\*\* -- Unang editor. \- \*\*Marcelo H. Del Pilar\*\* -- Pangalawang editor. \#\#\#\# \*\*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*\* \- Samahan ng Pilipino at Espanyol na nagtutulak ng reporma. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Colonial Influences and Education\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*Edukasyon sa Panahon ng Kastila\*\* \- \*\*Prayle\*\* -- Pangunahing guro. \- \*\*Español\*\* -- Ginamit na pangunahing wika. \- \*\*Doctrina Christiana\*\* -- Aklat na ginagamit sa pagtuturo ng relihiyon (Español at Tagalog). \- Layunin: \- Pagtuturo ng Kristiyanismo. \- Pagpapalaganap ng relihiyon. \- \*\*Dekretong Pang-edukasyon ng 1863\*\*: \- Libreng edukasyon. \- Primaryang paaralan sa bawat bayan. \- \*\*University of Santo Tomas\*\* -- Unang unibersidad sa Pilipinas. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Socio-Political Concepts\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*Istruktura ng Lipunan\*\* 1\. \*\*Peninsulares\*\* -- Kastilang ipinanganak sa Espanya. 2\. \*\*Insulares\*\* -- Kastilang ipinanganak sa Pilipinas. 3\. \*\*Mestizo\*\* -- May dugong Pilipino at Kastila. 4\. \*\*Inquilino\*\* -- Mestizong Tsino na naging katiwala ng lupa. 5\. \*\*Principalia/Ilustrado\*\* -- Gitnang uri o mataas na uri ng Pilipino. 6\. \*\*Indio\*\* -- Pinakamababang uri ng Pilipino, aliping saguiguilid. \#\#\#\# \*\*Gwardya Sibil\*\* \- Pwersang militar ng Espanya na nagpapanatili ng kapayapaan. \#\#\#\# \*\*Merkantilismo\*\* \- Paniniwala na malakas ang ekonomiya kung maraming ginto at pilak ang bansa. \#\#\#\# \*\*Suez Canal (1869)\*\* \- Nagbukas ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang kalakalan. \#\#\#\# \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- Inihalal si \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* bilang kinatawan ng Pilipinas. \- Layunin: Pagkakapantay-pantay ng tao. \- Natapos noong 1814. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Liberalism and Philosophical Influences\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*Ideyang Liberal\*\* \- Inspirasyon mula kay \*\*John Locke\*\* (\*Ama ng Liberalismo\*). \- Layunin: Kalayaan, pagkakapantay-pantay, at karapatang pantao. \#\#\#\# \*\*Carlos Maria de la Torre\*\* \- Gobernador-Heneral na nagpatupad ng reporma tulad ng: \- Pagtanggal sa parusang paghahagupit. \- Pagbawas sa sapilitang paggawa (\*force labor\*). \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Significant Events\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*Pag-aalsa sa Cavite\*\* \- Pinangunahan ni \*\*Sarhento La Madrid\*\* noong 1872. \- Naging dahilan ng pagbitay sa GOMBURZA. \#\#\#\# \*\*Galyon Trade (1565--1815)\*\* \- Nag-uugnay sa Pilipinas at Mexico sa pamamagitan ng kalakalan. \- Huling biyahe: 1815. \#\#\#\# \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Kalakalan\*\* \- Nagbigay daan sa pag-usbong ng gitnang uri at liberal na kaisipan. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Jose Rizal and his Legacy\*\* \#\#\#\# \*\*Mga Akda ni Rizal\*\* \- \*\*Noli Me Tangere\*\* at \*\*El Filibusterismo\*\* -- Mga nobelang tumuligsa sa pang-aabuso ng mga Kastila at prayle. \#\#\#\# \*\*La Liga Filipina\*\* \- Layunin: Mapayapang pagbabago at pagkakaisa. \#\#\#\# \*\*Pag-aakusa ng mga Prayle\*\* \- Ayaw nilang talakayin ang mga akda ni Rizal dahil inilalantad nito ang maling gawain nila. \-\-- This combined reviewer ensures both coverage and organization for easier learning. Let me know if you need further refinements! \#\#\# COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWER FOR PHILIPPINE HISTORY \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*HISTORICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS\*\* 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Tulong pinansyal mula sa mga Kastila sa Pilipinas, dala ng Galyon. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- Sistema ng pangangalakal kung saan isang korporasyon lamang ang nagtitinda ng isang produkto. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- \"Journey Home\" o \"Return Trip\" na ginamit ni Andrés de Urdaneta upang tuklasin ang return route sa Pacific. 4\. \*\*Suez Crisis (1956)\*\* \- Naganap nang angkinin ni Pangulong Gamal Abdel Nasser ng Egypt ang Suez Canal; matagumpay niyang napanatili ang kontrol sa tulong ng UN at US. 5\. \*\*God, Gold, and Glory\*\* \- Tatlong layunin ng pananakop ng mga Kastila: pagpapalaganap ng Kristiyanismo, kayamanan, at karangalan. 6\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana\*\* \- Unang aklat ng katesismo ng Simbahang Katolika, nailathala noong 1593 sa Maynila. 7\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (UST)\*\* \- Pinakamatandang unibersidad sa Pilipinas at Asya, itinatag noong Abril 28, 1611. 8\. \*\*Ilustrado\*\* \- Makabagong uri ng mga Pilipino na nagtaguyod ng kasarinlan at pantay na karapatan. 9\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan\*\* \- Nagdulot ng mas aktibong kalakalan sa pagitan ng Pilipinas at ibang bansa, na nakaimpluwensya sa pag-usbong ng liberalismo. 10\. \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- Nagbigay ng representasyon at karapatan sa mga kolonya ng Espanya, kabilang ang Pilipinas. 11\. \*\*Carlos María de la Torre\*\* \- Gobernador-heneral (1869-1871) na nagpatupad ng mga repormang tulad ng pagtanggal sa parusang paghahagupit at pagbawas sa sapilitang paggawa. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*COLONIAL EDUCATION AND LIBERALISM\*\* 1\. \*\*Edukasyon sa Panahon ng Kastila\*\* \- Layunin: Pagpapalaganap ng Kristiyanismo. \- \*\*Prayle\*\* -- Pangunahing guro. \- \*\*Dekretong Pang-edukasyon ng 1863\*\*: Nagtatag ng libreng edukasyon at primaryang paaralan sa bawat bayan. 2\. \*\*Paaralang Normal\*\* \- Itinatag noong 1890s para sa libreng edukasyon at pagtuturo sa kababaihan. 3\. \*\*Gitnang Uri at Kaisipang Liberal\*\* \- Lumitaw dahil sa pandaigdigang kalakalan at edukasyon. 4\. \*\*France\*\* \- Ang rebolusyonaryong ideya mula sa France ay nakaimpluwensya sa pag-usbong ng liberalismo sa Pilipinas. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*SOCIO-POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND STRUCTURES\*\* 1\. \*\*Istruktura ng Lipunan\*\* \- Peninsulares, Insulares, Mestizo, Inquilino, Principalia, Indio. 2\. \*\*Merkantilismo\*\* \- Paniniwala na ang isang bansa ay mayaman kung marami itong ginto at pilak. 3\. \*\*Suez Canal (1869)\*\* \- Nagbukas ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang kalakalan. 4\. \*\*Gwardya Sibil\*\* \- Pwersang militar ng Espanya na nagpapanatili ng kapayapaan. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*KILUSANG PROPAGANDA (1872-1892)\*\* 1\. \*\*Mga Layunin\*\* \- Representasyon sa Spanish Cortes, sekularisasyon ng mga parokya, kalayaan sa pagpapahayag, at pagtanggal ng sapilitang paggawa. 2\. \*\*Mga Kasapi\*\* \- José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano López Jaena, Juan Luna, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce. 3\. \*\*Publikasyon\*\* \- \*\*La Solidaridad\*\*: Opisyal na pahayagan ng kilusan. \- \*\*Revista del Círculo Hispano-Filipino\*\*: Naglalathala ng mga katiwalian at mga repormang dapat ipatupad. 4\. \*\*Pagkawala ng Kilusan\*\* \- Nanghina matapos ang pagkakakulong ni Rizal at pagbuwag sa La Liga Filipina noong 1892. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*GOMBURZA AND THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY\*\* 1\. \*\*GOMBURZA\*\* \- Mga paring sina Gomez, Burgos, Zamora na binitay noong Pebrero 17, 1872. \- Naging simbolo ng paglaban sa kawalang-katarungan. 2\. \*\*Sarhento La Madrid\*\* \- Pinuno ng pag-aalsa ng mga rebelde sa Cavite noong 1872. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*NATIONALISM AND REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS\*\* 1\. \*\*La Liga Filipina (1892)\*\* \- Itinatag ni \*\*José Rizal\*\* para sa mapayapang reporma. 2\. \*\*Katipunan (KKK)\*\* \- Itinatag nina \*\*Andres Bonifacio\*\*, \*\*Teodoro Plata\*\*, at \*\*Ladislao Diwa\*\* noong 1892. \- Layunin: Kalayaan ng Pilipinas mula sa Espanya. \- Tauhan: Andres Bonifacio (Ama ng Katipunan), Emilio Jacinto (Utak ng Katipunan), Gregoria de Jesus (Lakambini). \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*JOSE RIZAL AND HIS LEGACY\*\* 1\. \*\*Mga Akda ni Rizal\*\* \- \*\*Noli Me Tangere\*\* at \*\*El Filibusterismo\*\* -- Nagmulat sa mga Pilipino laban sa pang-aabuso ng mga Kastila. 2\. \*\*La Solidaridad\*\* \- Pahayagang tumuligsa sa kolonyal na pamahalaan. 3\. \*\*Pag-aakusa ng mga Prayle\*\* \- Itinuturing na banta ang mga akda ni Rizal dahil inilalantad nito ang katiwalian ng mga Kastila. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*SIGNIFICANT EVENTS\*\* 1\. \*\*Galyon Trade (1565--1815)\*\* \- Kalakalan sa pagitan ng Maynila at Acapulco. \- Huling biyahe: 1815. 2\. \*\*Pag-aalsa sa Cavite (1872)\*\* \- Pinangunahan ni Sarhento La Madrid; naging mitsa ng bitay sa GOMBURZA. 3\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Kalakalan\*\* \- Nagdulot ng gitnang uri at liberal na kaisipan. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*SUMMARY\*\* Ang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas ay nakaugat sa pakikibaka para sa kalayaan, edukasyon, at pagkakapantay-pantay. Ang mga pangunahing tauhan, kilusan, at ideolohiya ay nagbigay-daan sa rebolusyon at sa pagiging makabayan ng mga Pilipino. Ang kombinasyong ito ay nagtatampok ng mga mahahalagang detalye mula sa kolonyalismo, kilusang propaganda, at rebolusyonaryong tagumpay. Here's a consolidated and detailed reviewer with all the significant people, schools, events, and dates included: \-\-- \#\#\# HISTORICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Tulong pinansyal mula sa mga Kastila sa Pilipinas na dala ng Galyon, tumutulong sa pagpapanatili ng kolonya. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- Isang sistema ng pangangalakal kung saan nag-iisang korporasyon lamang ang nagtitinda ng produkto, tulad ng Tobacco Monopoly sa Pilipinas. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- Ang \"Return Trip\" o \"Journey Home,\" natuklasan ni \*\*Andrés de Urdaneta\*\*, isang Spanish navigator, na naging mahalaga sa Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. 4\. \*\*Egypt (Suez Crisis, 1956)\*\* \- Sinimulan ni Pangulong \*\*Gamal Abdel Nasser\*\* ang krisis nang angkinin ang Suez Canal. Pinatigil ang pananakop ng Israel, Britain, at France sa pamamagitan ng interbensyon ng United Nations at US. 5\. \*\*God, Gold, and Glory\*\* \- Layunin ng pananakop ng mga Kastila: pagpapalaganap ng Kristiyanismo (God), kayamanan (Gold), at karangalan (Glory). 6\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana (1593)\*\* \- Unang aklat ng katesismo ng Simbahang Katolika sa Pilipinas, isinulat sa Tagalog at Espanyol. 7\. \*\*Colegio de San Ignacio\*\* \- Itinatag noong \*\*1590\*\* ng mga Heswita upang ihanda ang mga kalalakihan sa pagpapari. 8\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana\*\* \- Unang paaralan para sa mga kababaihan noong \*\*1589\*\*, nagbigay ng tirahan para sa mga ulilang anak ng sundalo. 9\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (UST)\*\* \- Itinatag noong \*\*1611\*\*, ang pinakamatandang unibersidad sa Pilipinas at Asya, itinatag ng mga Dominikano. 10\. \*\*Ilustrado\*\* \- Ang makabagong uri ng Pilipino na nagtataguyod ng edukasyon at reporma, tulad nina \*\*José Rizal\*\*, \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\*, at \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\*. 11\. \*\*Paaralang Normal\*\* \- Naitatag noong 1890s para sa libreng edukasyon, kabilang ang normal schools para sa kababaihan. 12\. \*\*1863 Educational Decree\*\* \- Nagbigay ng libreng primary education, ginawang unang bansa sa Asya ang Pilipinas na nagpatupad nito. 13\. \*\*Liberalismo\*\* \- Mga ideya ng kalayaan, reporma, at pagkakapantay-pantay na nagmula sa Europa at dinala sa Pilipinas ng mga ilustrado. 14\. \*\*Carlos María de la Torre (1869-1871)\*\* \- Isang makataong gobernador-heneral na nagtaguyod ng liberalismo at reporma. 15\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* \- Unang Pilipinong kinatawan sa Spanish Cortes noong panahon ng \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\*. 16\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan (19th Century)\*\* \- Nagbukas ng pandaigdigang kalakalan ang Pilipinas noong 1834, na nagdulot ng mas aktibong ekonomiya at pag-usbong ng gitnang uri. 17\. \*\*Gitnang Uri ng Lipunan\*\* \- Lumitaw bilang resulta ng pandaigdigang kalakalan at edukasyon, naging tagapagtaguyod ng kaisipang liberal. \-\-- \#\#\# KILUSANG PROPAGANDA (1872-1892) 1\. \*\*Layunin ng Kilusan\*\* \- Pantay na karapatan ng Pilipino at Kastila. \- Representasyon ng Pilipinas sa Spanish Cortes. \- Sekularisasyon ng mga parokya at edukasyon. \- Paglansag ng polo (sapilitang paggawa) at vandala (sapilitang pagbili ng produkto). \- Kalayaan sa pagpapahayag. 2\. \*\*Mga Pangunahing Kasapi\*\* \- \*\*José Rizal\*\* \- \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\* \- \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\* \- \*\*Mariano Ponce\*\* \- \*\*Juan Luna\*\* \- \*\*Antonio Luna\*\* 3\. \*\*Mga Organisasyon\*\* \- \*\*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*\* \- Binubuo ng mga Pilipino at Kastila, layuning mapalapit ang dalawang lahi at maitaguyod ang reporma. \- \*\*La Liga Filipina\*\* \- Itinatag ni Rizal noong 1892 upang magkaisa ang mga Pilipino sa reporma. 4\. \*\*Publikasyon\*\* \- \*\*La Solidaridad\*\* \- Opisyal na pahayagan ng Kilusan, unang nailathala noong \*\*Pebrero 15, 1889\*\*, unang editor: \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\*, pinalitan ni \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\*. \- \*\*Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*\* \- Tumatalakay sa katiwalian at reporma. 5\. \*\*Pagwawakas ng Kilusan\*\* \- Humiwalay si Rizal sa Kilusan at itinatag ang La Liga Filipina noong \*\*Hulyo 6, 1892\*\*, ngunit siya ay ipinatapon sa Dapitan noong \*\*Hulyo 14, 1892\*\*. \-\-- \#\#\# PANGYAYARING NAGBIGAY-DAAN SA KILUSAN 1\. \*\*Pagbitay sa GOMBURZA (1872)\*\* \- Pagbitay kina \*\*Padre Mariano Gómez\*\*, \*\*José Burgos\*\*, at \*\*Jacinto Zamora\*\*, na pumukaw sa diwa ng nasyonalismo. 2\. \*\*Pag-usbong ng Kaisipang Liberal\*\* \- Nadala sa Pilipinas ng mga Pilipinong nag-aral sa Europa at nagbigay-inspirasyon sa mga reporma. 3\. \*\*Pagsibol ng Gitnang Uri ng Lipunan\*\* \- Bunga ng pandaigdigang kalakalan, nagkaroon ng panibagong uri na nanawagan para sa karapatan. 4\. \*\*Pagmamalabis ng mga Kastila\*\* \- Nagdulot ng pagkakaisa ng mga Pilipino sa paghiling ng pagbabago at reporma. \-\-- \#\#\# MAHAHALAGANG TAO 1\. \*\*José Rizal\*\* -- Ama ng Nasyonalismo, may-akda ng \*Noli Me Tangere\* at \*El Filibusterismo\*. 2\. \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\* -- Unang editor ng \*La Solidaridad\*. 3\. \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\* -- Pangalawang editor ng \*La Solidaridad\*. 4\. \*\*Juan Luna\*\* -- Pintor ng \*Spoliarium\*. 5\. \*\*Antonio Luna\*\* -- Tanyag na heneral at kasapi ng Kilusan. 6\. \*\*Mariano Ponce\*\* -- Editor at manunulat para sa Kilusan. 7\. \*\*Carlos María de la Torre\*\* -- Tagapagtaguyod ng liberalismo. 8\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* -- Unang Pilipinong kinatawan sa Spanish Cortes. \-\-- \#\#\# MAHAHALAGANG PETSA 1\. \*\*1589\*\* -- Itinatag ang Colegio de Santa Potenciana. 2\. \*\*1590\*\* -- Itinatag ang Colegio de San Ignacio. 3\. \*\*1611\*\* -- Pagkakatatag ng University of Santo Tomas. 4\. \*\*1863\*\* -- Pagpapatupad ng Educational Decree. 5\. \*\*1872\*\* -- Pagbitay sa GOMBURZA. 6\. \*\*1889\*\* -- Paglathala ng unang edisyon ng \*La Solidaridad\*. 7\. \*\*1892\*\* -- Pagkakakulong ni José Rizal at pagbuwag sa La Liga Filipina. \-\-- This organized format combines all relevant information and highlights significant people, dates, and events for an easy-to-use reviewer. Here is a comprehensive reviewer based on all the information provided in this conversation, organized into sections for clarity: \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Terms and Concepts\*\* 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Financial assistance or aid from Spain to the Philippines transported via the Galleon. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- A trade system where a single corporation controls the sale of a product. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- \*\"Journey Home/Return Trip\"\*. Refers to the discovery by Andrés de Urdaneta of the return route across the Pacific, enabling six return trips of the Virgin Mary's image aboard Manila-Acapulco Galleon ships. 4\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana\*\* \- The first printed books in the Philippines (1593), focused on Catholic catechism. 5\. \*\*Dekretong Paaralan (1863 Educational Decree)\*\* \- Established free and compulsory primary education in the Philippines, the first in Asia. Each town had one school for boys and one for girls, managed by municipal governments. 6\. \*\*Paaralang Normal\*\* \- By the 1890s, public secondary schools included ten normal schools for women, focusing on teacher education. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Important Events, Dates, and Places\*\* 1\. \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- A liberal constitution granting Filipinos Spanish citizenship and representation in the Spanish Cortes. It ended in 1814 when King Ferdinand VII repealed it. 2\. \*\*Repeal of Cadiz Constitution (May 4, 1814)\*\* \- King Ferdinand VII abolished the Cadiz Constitution, halting Filipino representation in Spain. 3\. \*\*Suez Crisis (1956)\*\* \- Egypt\'s President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, prompting Britain, France, and Israel to intervene. U.N. intervention led to Egypt retaining control. 4\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan (Opening the Philippines to Global Trade)\*\* \- Contributed to the rise of nationalism, social changes, and liberal ideas. 5\. \*\*Pagsibol ng Kaisipang Liberal (Rise of Liberal Ideas)\*\* \- Brought by Filipinos who studied in Europe, advocating for freedom and reforms. 6\. \*\*Patuloy na Pagmamalabis ng Kastila (Continued Spanish Abuses)\*\* \- Catalyzed the Filipino desire for reforms and independence. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key People and Contributions\*\* 1\. \*\*Andrés de Urdaneta\*\* \- Spanish navigator who discovered the \*Tornaviaje\* route across the Pacific. 2\. \*\*Carlos Maria de la Torre\*\* \- Governor-General of the Philippines (1869--1871), remembered for his liberal reforms and support of Filipino rights. 3\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* \- The Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes. 4\. \*\*King Louis XVI of France\*\* \- The last monarch of France before the French Revolution. 5\. \*\*John Locke\*\* \- \*\"Father of Liberalism\"\*. Advocated for freedom, equality, and government accountability. 6\. \*\*Filipino Ilustrados\*\* \- An enlightened class, including José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Antonio Luna, who advocated for Philippine independence and reforms. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Schools and Institutions\*\* 1\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589)\*\* \- The first school for girls in the Philippines, providing shelter for orphans of military personnel. 2\. \*\*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio (1590)\*\* \- Founded by Jesuits to prepare young men for priesthood, following the \*Ratio Studiorum\* education system. 3\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (1611)\*\* \- The oldest existing university in Asia, founded by Dominicans. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Propaganda Movement (1872--1892)\*\* \- \*\*Purpose:\*\* \- Equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards. \- Representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Secularization of parishes and education. \- Abolition of forced labor (\*polo\*) and forced sale of products (\*vandala\*). \- Freedom of expression. \- \*\*Members:\*\* \- José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Juan Luna, Antonio Luna. \- \*\*Key Publications:\*\* \- \*La Solidaridad\* (Pahayagan ng Kilusang Propaganda) \- Established in Barcelona (February 15, 1889). \- First editor: Graciano López Jaena, succeeded by Marcelo H. del Pilar. \- \*\*Organizations:\*\* \- \*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\* \- Comprised of Filipinos and Spaniards supporting reforms for the Philippines. \- Published \*Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*. \- \*\*End of Movement:\*\* \- Dissolution of \*La Liga Filipina\* and Rizal\'s exile to Dapitan in 1892. \-\-- This reviewer integrates all the requested information. Let me know if further refinement is needed! Here\'s the \*\*updated and comprehensive reviewer\*\* with every requested detail included. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Terms and Concepts\*\* 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Financial assistance or aid from Spain to the Philippines transported via the Galleon. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- A trade system where a single corporation controls the sale of a product. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- \*\"Journey Home/Return Trip\"\*. Refers to the discovery by Andrés de Urdaneta of the return route across the Pacific, enabling six return trips of the Virgin Mary's image aboard Manila-Acapulco Galleon ships. 4\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana\*\* \- The first printed books in the Philippines (1593), focused on Catholic catechism. 5\. \*\*Dekretong Paaralan (1863 Educational Decree)\*\* \- Established free and compulsory primary education in the Philippines, the first in Asia. \- Two schools (one for boys, one for girls) per town. \- Managed by municipal governments. \- Many rural Filipinos, however, did not benefit fully. 6\. \*\*Paaralang Normal\*\* \- Public secondary schools, including ten normal schools for women, aimed at training teachers (1890s). 7\. \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- A liberal Spanish constitution granting Filipinos Spanish citizenship and representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Repealed in 1814 by King Ferdinand VII. 8\. \*\*Liberalismo\*\* \- Advocated by Filipinos who studied in Europe, like José Rizal, promoting freedom, reform, and equality. 9\. \*\*Liberal na Ideya\*\* \- Developed in Europe during the 18th century and influenced Filipinos to fight against Spanish abuses. 10\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan (Opening the Philippines to Global Trade)\*\* \- Fostered social changes, liberal ideas, and nationalism. 11\. \*\*Paglitaw ng Gitnang Uri ng Lipunan (Emergence of the Middle Class)\*\* \- Resulted from increased trade and education. 12\. \*\*Pagsibol ng Kaisipang Liberal (Rise of Liberal Ideas)\*\* \- Triggered by exposure to global trade and liberal philosophies. 13\. \*\*Patuloy na Pagmamalabis ng Kastila (Continued Spanish Abuses)\*\* \- Key factor that spurred Filipino reform movements and revolutionary ideas. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Important Events, Dates, and Places\*\* 1\. \*\*Repeal of Cadiz Constitution (May 4, 1814)\*\* \- King Ferdinand VII abolished the Cadiz Constitution, ending Filipino representation in Spain. 2\. \*\*Suez Crisis (1956)\*\* \- Egypt\'s President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal. \- Intervention by Britain, France, and Israel led to a UN-brokered resolution. 3\. \*\*Pagbitay sa GOMBURZA (Execution of GOMBURZA, 1872)\*\* \- Executed Filipino priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora, inspiring the Propaganda Movement. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key People and Contributions\*\* 1\. \*\*Andrés de Urdaneta\*\* \- Spanish navigator who discovered the \*Tornaviaje\* route across the Pacific. 2\. \*\*Carlos Maria de la Torre\*\* \- Governor-General of the Philippines (1869--1871), known for his liberal reforms. 3\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* \- The Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes. 4\. \*\*King Louis XVI of France\*\* \- The last monarch of France before the French Revolution. 5\. \*\*John Locke\*\* \- \*\"Father of Liberalism\"\*. Advocated for freedom, equality, and government accountability. 6\. \*\*José Rizal\*\* \- Leader of the Propaganda Movement; author of \*Noli Me Tangere\* and \*El Filibusterismo\*. 7\. \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\* \- Editor of \*La Solidaridad\* after Graciano López Jaena. 8\. \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\* \- First editor of \*La Solidaridad\*. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Schools and Institutions\*\* 1\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589)\*\* \- The first school for girls in the Philippines, providing shelter for orphans of military personnel. 2\. \*\*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio (1590)\*\* \- Founded by Jesuits to prepare young men for priesthood, following the \*Ratio Studiorum\* education system. 3\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (1611)\*\* \- The oldest existing university in Asia, founded by Dominicans. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Propaganda Movement (1872--1892)\*\* \- \*\*Purpose:\*\* \- Equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards. \- Representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Secularization of parishes and education. \- Abolition of forced labor (\*polo\*) and forced sale of products (\*vandala\*). \- Freedom of expression. \- \*\*Members:\*\* \- José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Juan Luna, Antonio Luna. \- \*\*Key Publications:\*\* \- \*La Solidaridad\* (Pahayagan ng Kilusang Propaganda) \- Established in Barcelona (February 15, 1889). \- First editor: Graciano López Jaena, succeeded by Marcelo H. del Pilar. \- \*\*Organizations:\*\* \- \*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\* \- Comprised of Filipinos and Spaniards supporting reforms for the Philippines. \- Published \*Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*. \- \*\*End of Movement:\*\* \- Dissolution of \*La Liga Filipina\* and Rizal\'s exile to Dapitan in 1892. \-\-- If there\'s \*\*anything still missing\*\*, let me know, and I\'ll refine it further! Certainly! Below is the \*\*fully consolidated and complete reviewer\*\* combining \*all\* the information from this conversation, ensuring nothing is left out: \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Terms and Concepts\*\* 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Financial assistance provided by Spain to the Philippines, transported via the Galleon. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- A trade system where one corporation dominates the sale of a particular product. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- \*\"Journey Home/Return Trip\"\*. Refers to the return route across the Pacific discovered by Andrés de Urdaneta. \- Enabled six return trips of the Virgin Mary's image aboard Manila-Acapulco Galleon ships. 4\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana\*\* \- The first printed books in the Philippines (1593), focused on Catholic catechism. 5\. \*\*Dekretong Paaralan (1863 Educational Decree)\*\* \- Established free and compulsory primary education in the Philippines, the first in Asia (10 years ahead of Japan). \- Two primary schools (one for boys, one for girls) per town. \- Schools were managed by municipal governments. \- Many rural Filipinos did not benefit fully. 6\. \*\*Paaralang Normal\*\* \- Public secondary schools, including ten normal schools for women (1890s), aimed at training teachers. 7\. \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- A liberal Spanish constitution granting Filipinos Spanish citizenship and representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Repealed in 1814 by King Ferdinand VII, ending Filipino representation. 8\. \*\*Suez Crisis (1956)\*\* \- Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal. \- Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt. \- The United Nations and the United States intervened, forcing withdrawal. 9\. \*\*Liberalismo\*\* \- Advocated by Filipinos who studied in Europe, promoting freedom, reform, and equality. 10\. \*\*Liberal na Ideya\*\* \- European liberal ideas from the 18th century influenced Filipinos to fight against Spanish abuses. 11\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan (Opening the Philippines to Global Trade)\*\* \- Fostered social changes, liberal ideas, and nationalism. 12\. \*\*Paglitaw ng Gitnang Uri ng Lipunan (Emergence of the Middle Class)\*\* \- Resulted from increased trade and education. 13\. \*\*Pagsibol ng Kaisipang Liberal (Rise of Liberal Ideas)\*\* \- Triggered by exposure to global trade and liberal philosophies. 14\. \*\*Patuloy na Pagmamalabis ng Kastila (Continued Spanish Abuses)\*\* \- Key factor that spurred Filipino reform movements and revolutionary ideas. 15\. \*\*Pagbitay sa GOMBURZA (Execution of GOMBURZA, 1872)\*\* \- The execution of Filipino priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora inspired the Propaganda Movement. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Important Events, Dates, and Places\*\* 1\. \*\*Repeal of Cadiz Constitution (May 4, 1814)\*\* \- King Ferdinand VII abolished the Cadiz Constitution, ending Filipino representation in Spain. 2\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (1611)\*\* \- The oldest existing university in Asia, founded by Dominicans. 3\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589)\*\* \- The first school for girls in the Philippines, providing shelter for orphans of military personnel. 4\. \*\*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio (1590)\*\* \- Founded by Jesuits to prepare young men for priesthood, based on the \*Ratio Studiorum\* education system. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key People and Contributions\*\* 1\. \*\*Andrés de Urdaneta\*\* \- Spanish navigator who discovered the \*Tornaviaje\* route across the Pacific. 2\. \*\*Carlos Maria de la Torre\*\* \- Governor-General of the Philippines (1869--1871), known for his liberal reforms. 3\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* \- The Filipino representative in the Spanish Cortes. 4\. \*\*John Locke\*\* \- \*\"Father of Liberalism\"\*. Advocated for freedom, equality, and government accountability. 5\. \*\*José Rizal\*\* \- Leader of the Propaganda Movement; author of \*Noli Me Tangere\* and \*El Filibusterismo\*. 6\. \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\* \- Editor of \*La Solidaridad\* after Graciano López Jaena. 7\. \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\* \- First editor of \*La Solidaridad\*. 8\. \*\*King Louis XVI of France\*\* \- The last monarch of France before the French Revolution. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Propaganda Movement (1872--1892)\*\* \- \*\*Purpose:\*\* \- Equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards. \- Representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Secularization of parishes and education. \- Abolition of forced labor (\*polo\*) and forced sale of products (\*vandala\*). \- Freedom of expression. \- \*\*Members:\*\* \- José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Juan Luna, Antonio Luna. \- \*\*Key Publications:\*\* \- \*La Solidaridad\* (Pahayagan ng Kilusang Propaganda) \- Established in Barcelona (February 15, 1889). \- First editor: Graciano López Jaena, succeeded by Marcelo H. del Pilar. \- \*\*Organizations:\*\* \- \*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\* \- Comprised of Filipinos and Spaniards supporting reforms for the Philippines. \- Published \*Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*. \- \*\*End of Movement:\*\* \- Dissolution of \*La Liga Filipina\* and Rizal\'s exile to Dapitan in 1892. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Schools and Contributions to Education\*\* 1\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589)\*\* \- First school for girls, offering shelter to orphans of soldiers. 2\. \*\*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio (1590)\*\* \- Established by Jesuits for training priests. 3\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (1611)\*\* \- The oldest university in Asia. 4\. \*\*Dekretong Paaralan (1863 Educational Decree)\*\* \- Introduced free primary education in the Philippines. 5\. \*\*Paaralang Normal (Normal Schools)\*\* \- Secondary schools aimed at training Filipino teachers. \-\-- Let me know if there\'s still any missing detail! Here is the \*\*complete and consolidated reviewer\*\* with all the people, concepts, and details from this conversation. Nothing has been left out this time. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key People and Contributions\*\* 1\. \*\*Andrés de Urdaneta\*\* \- Spanish navigator who discovered the \*Tornaviaje\* route across the Pacific, enabling the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. 2\. \*\*Carlos Maria de la Torre\*\* \- Governor-General of the Philippines (1869--1871). Advocated for liberal reforms and was beloved by Filipinos. 3\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* \- Filipino representative elected to the Spanish Cortes during the Cadiz Constitution era. 4\. \*\*John Locke\*\* \- \*\"Father of Liberalism.\"\* Advocated for individual rights, freedom, and government accountability. 5\. \*\*King Louis XVI of France\*\* \- The last monarch of France before the French Revolution. 6\. \*\*José Rizal\*\* \- Leader of the Propaganda Movement; wrote \*Noli Me Tangere\* and \*El Filibusterismo\*. Inspired nationalism and independence. 7\. \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\* \- Founder and first editor of \*La Solidaridad,\* the Propaganda Movement's newspaper. 8\. \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\* \- Succeeded López Jaena as editor of \*La Solidaridad.\* Advocated for reforms and freedom of expression. 9\. \*\*Mariano Ponce\*\* \- Propaganda Movement member and writer who contributed to Filipino nationalism. 10\. \*\*Juan Luna\*\* \- Renowned Filipino painter and member of the Propaganda Movement. 11\. \*\*Antonio Luna\*\* \- Revolutionary leader and member of the Propaganda Movement. 12\. \*\*GOMBURZA (Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora)\*\* \- Filipino priests executed in 1872 for alleged involvement in the Cavite Mutiny. Their deaths inspired Filipino nationalism. 13\. \*\*Gamal Abdel Nasser\*\* \- President of Egypt who nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956, sparking the Suez Crisis. 14\. \*\*Dominicans\*\* \- Founded the University of Santo Tomas in 1611, Asia's oldest university. 15\. \*\*Alonzo Sánchez and Antonio Sedeño\*\* \- Jesuit missionaries who established \*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio\* in 1590. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Terms and Concepts\*\* 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Financial assistance provided by Spain to the Philippines, transported via the Galleon. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- A trade system where one corporation dominates the sale of a particular product. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- \*\"Journey Home/Return Trip.\"\* Discovered by Andrés de Urdaneta, it allowed the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade to flourish. 4\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana\*\* \- The first books printed in the Philippines (1593), focused on Catholic catechism. 5\. \*\*Dekretong Paaralan (1863 Educational Decree)\*\* \- Introduced free and compulsory primary education, the first in Asia. \- Required two primary schools (one for boys, one for girls) per town. 6\. \*\*Paaralang Normal\*\* \- Public secondary schools, including ten normal schools for women (1890s), aimed at training teachers. 7\. \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- Granted Filipinos Spanish citizenship and representation in the Spanish Cortes. Repealed in 1814, ending representation. 8\. \*\*Suez Crisis (1956)\*\* \- Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, leading to conflict with Britain, France, and Israel. 9\. \*\*Liberalismo\*\* \- Advocated by Filipino intellectuals who studied in Europe. Promoted reform, freedom, and equality. 10\. \*\*Liberal na Ideya\*\* \- 18th-century European ideas of freedom and equality influenced Filipino nationalism. 11\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan\*\* \- Opened the Philippines to global trade, fostering nationalism and the rise of the middle class. 12\. \*\*Pagbitay sa GOMBURZA (Execution of GOMBURZA, 1872)\*\* \- The execution of Filipino priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora fueled the nationalist movement. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Important Events, Dates, and Places\*\* 1\. \*\*Repeal of Cadiz Constitution (May 4, 1814)\*\* \- King Ferdinand VII abolished the Cadiz Constitution, ending Filipino representation in Spain. 2\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (1611)\*\* \- Asia's oldest university, established by the Dominicans. 3\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589)\*\* \- First school for girls in the Philippines, providing shelter to orphans of military personnel. 4\. \*\*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio (1590)\*\* \- Jesuit school established to prepare young men for priesthood. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Propaganda Movement (1872--1892)\*\* \- \*\*Purpose:\*\* \- Equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards. \- Representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Secularization of parishes and education. \- Abolition of forced labor (\*polo\*) and forced sale of products (\*vandala\*). \- Freedom of expression. \- \*\*Members:\*\* \- José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Juan Luna, Antonio Luna. \- \*\*Key Publications:\*\* \- \*La Solidaridad\* (Pahayagan ng Kilusang Propaganda) \- Founded in Barcelona (February 15, 1889). \- Editors: Graciano López Jaena, succeeded by Marcelo H. del Pilar. \- \*\*Organizations:\*\* \- \*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\* \- Comprised of Filipinos and Spaniards supporting reforms for the Philippines. \- Published \*Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino.\* \- \*\*End of Movement:\*\* \- Dissolution of \*La Liga Filipina\* and Rizal\'s exile to Dapitan in 1892. \-\-- Let me know if there's anything else! Here is the \*\*complete and fully consolidated reviewer\*\* with every detail from this conversation, including the \*\*members of La Liga Filipina\*\*, \*\*Propaganda Movement\*\*, and all relevant historical details. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key People and Contributions\*\* 1\. \*\*Andrés de Urdaneta\*\* \- Spanish navigator who discovered the \*Tornaviaje\* route, enabling the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. 2\. \*\*Carlos Maria de la Torre\*\* \- Governor-General of the Philippines (1869--1871). Advocated for liberal reforms and was beloved by Filipinos. 3\. \*\*Ventura de los Reyes\*\* \- Filipino representative elected to the Spanish Cortes during the Cadiz Constitution era. 4\. \*\*John Locke\*\* \- \*\"Father of Liberalism,\"\* known for promoting individual rights and government accountability. 5\. \*\*King Louis XVI of France\*\* \- The last French monarch before the French Revolution. 6\. \*\*Gamal Abdel Nasser\*\* \- President of Egypt who nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956, sparking the Suez Crisis. 7\. \*\*GOMBURZA (Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora)\*\* \- Filipino priests executed in 1872 for alleged involvement in the Cavite Mutiny. Their deaths inspired Filipino nationalism. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Propaganda Movement (1872--1892)\*\* A reformist movement led by educated Filipinos (\*Ilustrados\*) advocating for political and social reforms. \- \*\*Purpose:\*\* \- Equal rights for Filipinos and Spaniards. \- Representation in the Spanish Cortes. \- Secularization of parishes and education. \- Abolition of forced labor (\*polo\*) and forced sale of products (\*vandala\*). \- Freedom of expression. \- \*\*Key Members:\*\* \- \*\*José Rizal\*\* -- Leader; inspired nationalism with \*Noli Me Tangere\* and \*El Filibusterismo.\* \- \*\*Graciano López Jaena\*\* -- Founder and first editor of \*La Solidaridad.\* \- \*\*Marcelo H. del Pilar\*\* -- Editor of \*La Solidaridad\* after López Jaena. \- \*\*Mariano Ponce\*\* -- Writer and member of the movement. \- \*\*Juan Luna\*\* -- Renowned painter and nationalist. \- \*\*Antonio Luna\*\* -- Revolutionary and nationalist. \- \*\*Organizations and Publications:\*\* \- \*\*La Solidaridad\*\* -- Newspaper advocating reforms. Founded February 15, 1889, in Barcelona. \- First editor: Graciano López Jaena. \- Later editor: Marcelo H. del Pilar. \- \*\*Circulo Hispano-Filipino\*\* -- A society of Filipinos and Spaniards in Spain supporting reforms for the Philippines. \- Published \*Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino.\* \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*La Liga Filipina (1892)\*\* A reformist organization founded by \*\*José Rizal\*\* on July 3, 1892, in Tondo, Manila. \- \*\*Purpose:\*\* \- Foster unity among Filipinos. \- Provide mutual aid and protection. \- Defend against violence and injustice. \- Encourage education and trade. \- \*\*Notable Members of La Liga Filipina:\*\* \- José Rizal (Founder) \- Andres Bonifacio (Later founded the Katipunan after its dissolution) \- Apolinario Mabini (Legal advisor and intellectual leader) \- Domingo Franco \- Ambrosio Salvador \- Deodato Arellano \- Bonifacio Arevalo \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Events, Dates, and Institutions\*\* 1\. \*\*University of Santo Tomas (1611)\*\* \- Asia's oldest university, established by the Dominicans. 2\. \*\*Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589)\*\* \- The first school for girls in the Philippines. 3\. \*\*Kolehiyo de San Ignacio (1590)\*\* \- Jesuit school to prepare young men for priesthood. 4\. \*\*Doctrina Christiana (1593)\*\* \- The first books printed in the Philippines, focused on Catholic catechism. 5\. \*\*Cadiz Constitution (1812)\*\* \- Granted Filipinos Spanish citizenship and representation in the Cortes. Repealed in 1814. 6\. \*\*Dekretong Paaralan (1863 Educational Decree)\*\* \- Established free and compulsory primary education in the Philippines, the first in Asia. 7\. \*\*Paaralang Normal (1890s)\*\* \- Public secondary schools included 10 normal schools for women, aimed at training teachers. 8\. \*\*Pagbitay sa GOMBURZA (1872)\*\* \- Execution of priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora, which sparked the rise of Filipino nationalism. \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Key Terms and Concepts\*\* 1\. \*\*Situado Real o Tulong Royal\*\* \- Financial aid from Spain to the Philippines, transported via the Galleon. 2\. \*\*Monopoly\*\* \- A trade system dominated by a single corporation. 3\. \*\*Tornaviaje\*\* \- \*\"Journey Home/Return Trip,\"\* discovered by Andrés de Urdaneta. 4\. \*\*Suez Crisis (1956)\*\* \- Egyptian nationalization of the Suez Canal by President Gamal Abdel Nasser. 5\. \*\*Liberalismo and Liberal Ideas\*\* \- Ideas advocating freedom, reform, and equality, inspired by European Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke. 6\. \*\*Pagbubukas ng Pilipinas sa Pandaigdigang Kalakalan\*\* \- Opened the Philippines to global trade, fostering nationalism and the rise of the middle class. 7\. \*\*Patuloy na Pagmamalabis ng Kastila\*\* \- Spanish abuses fueled the nationalist movement. \-\-- This version now contains \*\*all the people, organizations, and details\*\* discussed. Let me know if there\'s anything else!