Katipunan: Philippine Revolution PDF

 KATIPUNAN Ø Revolutionary movement armed to fight for freedom against Spain Ø revolution which would free the Philippines from shackles of Spanish oppression had to be national in scope  JULY 7, 1892 Ø It marked the end of the peaceful campaign for reforms and the start of t...

 KATIPUNAN Ø Revolutionary movement armed to fight for freedom against Spain Ø revolution which would free the Philippines from shackles of Spanish oppression had to be national in scope  JULY 7, 1892 Ø It marked the end of the peaceful campaign for reforms and the start of the revolutionary movement to gain independence FOUNDED REVOLUTIONARY SOCIETY 1. Andres Bonifacio 4. Teodoro Plata 2. Deodato Arellano 5. Valentin Diaz 3. Ladislao Diwa  TRIANGLE METHOD Ø They called the Kataas-taasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or simply “katipunan”. AZCARRAGA STREET IN TONDO MANILA Ø Blood compact happened and signed their membership with their own blood. OBJECTIVE OF KATIPUNAN 1. Unite the Filipinos under one flag 2. Achieve independence by means of revolution 3. Defend the oppressed and helped members who are in need  PSEUDONYM 1. Andres bonifacio a.k.a “ May Pag-asa “ 2. Artemio recarte a.k.a “Vibora” 3. Emilio jacinto a.k.a ”Pingkian” KATIPUNAN DIVIDED INTO THREE GRADES 1. FIRST GRADE (katipunan/ members) -Black hood and with white triangle in the middle Password: “Anak ng Bayan” 2. SECOND GRADE (kawal/ soldier) -Green hood with white triangle and a medallion in which the Malayan letter “K” was engraved. Password : “GOMBURZA” 3. THIRD GRADE (bayani/ hero) -Red hood with a green bordered sash Password “RIZAL”  WOMENS OF KATIPUNAN President : Josefa Rizal Vice- president : Gregoria de Jesus Secretary : Marina Dizon Fiscal : Angelica – Rizal Lopez  THREE COUNCILS ØBARANGAY COUNCIL- was lowest and charge in town or municipalities ØPROVINCIAL COUNCIL- administered provinces ØSUPREME COUNCIL- composed of president, fiscal, secretary, treasurer and comptroller  KARTILLA / KARTILYA Ø written by Emilio Jacinto Ø it is composed of 13 commandments  KALAYAAN Ø Newspaper of katipunan  PSEUDONYMS Emilio Jacinto -a.k.a “Dimas Ilaw” Andres Bonifacio -a.k.a “Agapito Bagumbayan” Pio Valenzuela -a.k.a “Madlang Awa” MARCH 1896 ØFirst issue of kalayaan Ø2000 copies ØIt included articles written by Emilio jacinto, andres bonifacio and pio Valenzuela ØThe copies were circulated outside manila and even reach as far as cavite and rizal  DISCOVERY OF KATIPUNAN (DIARIO DE MANILA) Teodoro Patiño Apolonio dela Cruz HONORIA Sister of patiño In charge Madre Portera of the orphanage AUGUST 19, 1896 Patiño revealed the secret of katipunan to Father Mariano Gil FORT SANTIAGO -Massive arrest of suspected members of katipunan AUGUST 23, 1896 -All katipuneros met at Pugadlawin at the place of Juan Ramos(son of Melchora Aquino) CRY OF PUGADLAWIN -They tore their cedulas and shouted “Long Live Philippine Independence” It marked the revolution against Spain in 1896 FIRST FILIPINO- SPANISH ENCOUNTER - August 30 1896 (San Juan del Monte ) AUGUST 30, 1896 - Governor General Ramon Blanco, declared the eight provinces in Luzon under martial law PROVINCES UNDER MARTIAL LAW §Manila §Nueva Ecija §Laguna §Pampanga §Bulacan §Tarlac §Cavite §Batangas §MANUELAPABUTACABA –Acronym of the above provinces that signifies the eight rayed sun of the Philippine Flag. The rebel faction in cavite: MAGDALO FACTION - believed in the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo MAGDIWANG FACTION - Followers of Andres Bonifacio The most controversial political showdown for leadership in the Philippine history was that between Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo. When the dust settled in the final stage of their conflict and power struggle in 1897, Bonifacio, the supremo, was treacherously captured and later, executed by Aguinaldo’s men. TEJEROS CONVENTION Officers of revolutionary government President : Emilio Aguinaldo Vice president : Mariano Trias Captain general : Artemio Ricarte Director of war : Emilio Riego de Dios Director of interior : Andres Bonifacio DANIEL TIRONA- argued about the position of bonifacio , an insult. NAIC DECLARATION Bonifacio and Procopio- arrested and wounded Ciriaco- killed durng the encounter The three advised Gneral Emilio Aguinaldo to let the courts order for Bonifacios’ execution to stand. 1. Clement Zulueta 2. Gen. Mariano Noreal 3. Baldomero Aguinaldo April 29- may 4 1897 - Trial lasted May 8, 1897 - Converted death penalty to banishment May 10 1897 - Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were shot at mount Tala in Cavite ESTABLISHMENT OF BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC In June 1897 the province of Cavite was under control of Governo-General Primo de Rivera. And because of this general Aguinaldo force to transfer his headquarters to Talisay, Batangas and joined force with General Miguel Malvar. From there he went to Bulacan and established his headquarters in Biak-na-Bato, San Miguel de Payumo. Later, they established Biak-na-Bato Republic. November 1, 1897 §Ratified the constitution §Written by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho §Based on the Cuban Constitution §According to the constitution, a supreme council would be formed composed of president, vice president, secretary of war and secretary of treasury. November 2, 1897 - Election of supreme council officials President : Emilio Aguinaldo Secretary of foreign affairs: Antonio Montenegro Secretary of interior : Isabelo Artacho Secretary of war : Emiliano Riego de Dios Secretary of treasury : Baldomero Aguinaldo PACT OF BIAK NA BATO - Gov. General Primo de Rivera and other government officials accept the fact that they could no longer stop the revolution so they decided to negotiate for peace. PEDRO PATERNO - A Spanish Filipino who offered the act of mediator between the revolutionaries and the Spanish authorities. - Through Paterno an agreement was drawn. There were three documents which comprises the agreement. November 18 1897- first document was signed December 14- second document December 15- third document The pact provided for the cessation of the revolution. Aguinaldo and the other rebel leaders would leave the country voluntary while the other rebel leaders would leave the country voluntarily while the other rebels would surrender their arms to the Spanish authorities. In return, Spain would pay a total indemnity of 900,000php for non-combatants and 800,000php for the rebels payable as follows: 1. 400,000php to be paid as soon as Aguinaldo and company left the country 2. 200,000php to be given after the majority of the arms were surrender 3. 200,000php to be given after all hostilities ceased and general amnesty was proclaimed December 1897 - Aguinaldo and his group left for Hong Kong as provided in the Pact of Biak na Bato.  Emilio Aguinaldo Returns from Exile Newspaper Ø InØApril of katipunan 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. The Americans defeated the Spaniards in the Battle of Manila Bay May 1, 1898. Ø In HongKong, Aguinaldo decided to return to the Philippines to continue the fight against the Spaniards. Ø May 1898, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines and established a dictatorial government under his leadership. Ø June 12, 1898, in Kawit Cavite in front of his ancestral house, he proclaimed the independence of the Philippines where the Philippine National Flag was raised and the Philippine National Anthem was also played. Ø After the declaration of Independence, the dictatorial government was change to Philippine Revolutionary Government upon the advise of Apolinario Mabini.  The Malolos Republic ØAfter the Philippine Revolutionary Government Ø Newspaper was established of katipunan by Emilio Aguinaldo then he called for a Constitutional Convention in Malolos Bulacan in order to create a new constitution. ØJanuary 21, 1899, the Malolos Constitution was approved by Emililo Aguinaldo. ØJanuary 23, 1899, the Malolos Republic was inaugurated in which Emilio Aguinaldo became the President. The inauguration was held in Barasoain Church in Malolos Bulacan. Ø Emilio Aguinaldo became the First President of the Philippines under Malolos Republic, Antonio Luna was the Commanding General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army.  Filipino – American War ØFebruary 4, 1899 – tensions between the Ø Newspaper American of katipunan forces in Manila and the revolutionary militia eventually erupted in their confrontation at San Juan Bridge. This signaled the beginnig of the Filipino-American War. Ø Emilio Aguinaldo declared war against the American authority ØDecember 2, 1899, the “Battle of Tirad Pass”. Gen. Gregorio “Goyo” del Pilar defended tirad pass against the American soldiers in order to let Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo escape.  Ø Gregorio and his men died during the battle in Tirad Pass. Ø March 1901 – Emilio Aguinaldo and his men were captured in his camp at Isabela Province. He was grought to Malacañang as a prisoner but after he took an oath to the Americans he was released. Ø Summer of 1902, Gen. Miguel Melvar surrendered to the Americans that leads to the end of Filipino-American hostilities.