Rizal Reviewer PDF

**1. List of Heroes Identified by the National Hero Committee** **Definition**: The National Hero Committee was tasked to identify individuals who greatly contributed to the Philippine struggle for freedom and independence. - **Jose Rizal** -- A reformist and writer who inspired peaceful ref...

**1. List of Heroes Identified by the National Hero Committee** **Definition**: The National Hero Committee was tasked to identify individuals who greatly contributed to the Philippine struggle for freedom and independence. - **Jose Rizal** -- A reformist and writer who inspired peaceful reform and Filipino nationalism. - **Andres Bonifacio** -- Known as the \"Father of the Philippine Revolution\" and founder of the Katipunan. - **Emilio Aguinaldo** -- First President of the Philippines and leader of the Philippine Revolution. - **Apolinario Mabini** -- The \"Brains of the Revolution\" and a key figure in the First Philippine Republic. - **Marcelo H. del Pilar** -- A propagandist and writer who worked to promote reforms under Spanish rule. - **Juan Luna** -- A renowned painter whose works, like *Spoliarium*, embodied Filipino resilience. - **Melchora Aquino** -- \"Mother of the Katipunan,\" who supported the revolutionaries. - **Gabriela Silang** -- A revolutionary leader who fought against Spanish colonial rule. **2. Civil and Political Rights** **Definition**: These are rights that protect individuals\' freedom and participation in the political system. - **Civil Rights**: - Right to life - Freedom of speech, religion, and assembly - Right to due process and equal protection under the law - **Political Rights**: - Right to vote - Right to run for public office - Right to participate in governance **3. Objectives of the Propaganda Movement** **Definition**: A peaceful reformist movement led by Filipino intellectuals in the late 19th century aiming to address injustices during Spanish colonization. - Achieve equality between Filipinos and Spaniards before the law. - Recognition of Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes. - Secularization of the clergy. - Recognition of human rights for Filipinos. **4. Objectives of the Katipunan** **Definition**: The Katipunan (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) was a revolutionary organization founded by Andres Bonifacio to overthrow Spanish rule. - Achieve independence from Spanish rule through revolution. - Promote unity and equality among Filipinos. - Establish a self-governing Philippine Republic. **5. Governor-General Who Ordered Rizal\'s Deportation to Dapitan** **Definition**: A governor-general is the highest-ranking colonial official representing Spain in the Philippines. - **Governor-General Eulogio Despujol** ordered Rizal's exile in 1892 due to his writings and activities. **6. Rizal\'s Visitors in His Death Cell** **Definition**: Rizal spent his last moments in Fort Santiago, where he was allowed to see family and a few others before his execution. - Josephine Bracken (common-law wife) - Narcisa Rizal (sister) - Luis Taviel de Andrade (defense counsel) - Fr. Vicente Balaguer (Jesuit priest) - Family members **7. Crimes Accused of Rizal** **Definition**: Rizal was accused of crimes to justify his execution, claiming he incited rebellion against Spain. - Rebellion - Sedition - Formation of illegal societies **8. Who Gave Rizal the Retraction Paper?** **Definition**: The retraction paper was a controversial document asking Rizal to renounce his writings and ideas. - Given by **Fr. Vicente Balaguer**, a Jesuit priest. **9. Asian Nationalists** **Definition**: Asian leaders who fought for their nations' independence and reforms during colonial or oppressive regimes. - **Mahatma Gandhi** (India) -- Advocated nonviolent resistance against British colonial rule. - **Sun Yat-sen** (China) -- Leader of the Chinese Revolution and founder of the Republic of China. - **Ho Chi Minh** (Vietnam) -- Fought against French and American domination in Vietnam. - **Sukarno** (Indonesia) -- Led the movement for Indonesia\'s independence from Dutch rule. **10. Reasons for Modern Philippine Nationalism** **Definition**: Nationalism is the advocacy for the interests and culture of one\'s nation, especially in the context of independence. - Colonial injustices and abuses. - Awareness of Filipino identity and culture. - Exposure to liberal ideas from the West. - Education and social reforms introduced during the colonial period. **11. Members of the Civil Commission Who Chose the National Hero in 1901** **Definition**: The Civil Commission, led by Americans, chose the Philippine National Hero based on their criteria. - William Howard Taft - Dean C. Worcester - Luke E. Wright - Henry C. Ide - Bernard Moses **12. Two Phenomena Describing Nationalism** **Definition**: These are expressions of nationalism that reflect pride and advocacy for one\'s country. - **Cultural Nationalism**: Promotes pride in shared language, traditions, and heritage. - **Political Nationalism**: Focuses on sovereignty and independence from foreign rule.