Women's History in the Philippines PDF

MODULE 4 Political, Economic, and Social Issues  Learning Outcomes  analyze social, political, and economic issues in the Philippines using the lens of  recognize history that the problems of today are consequences of decisions and even...

MODULE 4 Political, Economic, and Social Issues  Learning Outcomes  analyze social, political, and economic issues in the Philippines using the lens of  recognize history that the problems of today are consequences of decisions and events that happened in the  propose recommendations or solutions to past present-day issues based on the understanding of the past and anticipation of the future.  Activity Create a collage consisting of 3 pictures that tell analytical stories of Filipino Women in History, Indigenous People, and Filipino Muslims. Choose any one of the given stories. Share your output with the class. Activity 2 Pictologics  Module 4 Lesson 1 Social History Candelaria, J. L., Alporha, V., & Kunting, A. (2021). A Course Module for Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Rex Book Store https://www.scribd.com/document/708256600/Updated-A-Course- Module-for-Readings-In-Philippine-History-by-Candelaria-Alporha- Kunting-2021  Lesson 1A Women in Philippine History  The ancient Philippine societies were generally described as gender egalitarian. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the role of the spiritual leaders was relegated to the babaylan (VISAYAN) or catalonan (Tagalog) The babaylan served an essential role in multiple facets of the ancient Philippine society.  Since the Spanish time, gender inequality exists. Patriarchy became a norm. Patriarchy is a social system where men hold more power compared to women. This is also manifested in the historical discipline  The babaylan was painted as heathen and satanic. Similar to the way female healers were persecuted in Medieval Europe as witches, the babaylan was accused of being mangkukulam or manggagaway.  Upon the arrival of the Spaniards in the archipelago in the sixteenth century, the place of the woman and consequently, of the babaylan would be altered. The Catholic faith imported and imposed on the native population their ideology relegating women to the domestic sphere. The babaylan, who may be a woman or a man who looks like a woman, was, thus, displaced from the pedestal of social, cultural, and economic importance where she used to be designated.  The role of the spiritual leader was transferred to the friars. Good women were the ones who devoted themselves to prayers and the church. They were expected to sacrifice for their husbands and children. They were not supposed to be loud; instead, they should demonstrate primness at all times.  The image of an ideal Filipino woman continued to be the same after the Spanish colonization. Women were still expected to be limited in the domestic sphere. 1937 Filipino women were allowed to exercise their right to suffrage.  Cultural assimilation was also apparent and most successful in how the standards of beauty imposed on Filipino women were patronized. Exposure to Western media and popular culture created the idea that white is beautiful.  In the decades that follow, feminist and gender equality discourse flourished. Sexism remains a key feature of our society.  Women’s movement in the Philippines in its present form is a product of earlier struggles participated by Filipino women who were not given due attention. Filipino women fought alongside men in broader struggles and fought together for causes that were specific to their experiences as women.  Examples Tamblot, a babaylan led an uprising in 1622 in Bohol Gabriela Silang continued the revolution of her assassinated husband, Diego Silang. Young Women of Malolos  Elisea T. Reyes (1873-1969) Juana T. Reyes (1874-1900) Leoncia S. Reyes (1864-1948) Olympia S.A. Reyes (1876-1910) Rufina T. Reyes (1869-1909) Eugenia M. Tanchangco (1871-1969) Aurea M. Tanchangco (1872-1958) Basilia V. Tantoco (1865-1925) Teresa T. Tantoco (1867-1942) Maria T. Tantoco (1869-1912) Anastacia M. Tiongson (1874-1940) Basilia R. Tiongson (ca. 1860-ca. 1900) Paz R. Tiongson (ca. 1862-1889) Aleja R. Tiongson (ca.1865-ca.1900) Mercedes R. Tiongson (1869-1928) Agapita R. Tiongson (1870-1937) Filomena O. Tiongson (ca. 1865-1930) Cecilia O. Tiongson (ca. 1867-1934) Feliciana O. Tiongson (1869-1938) Alberta S. Uitangcoy When the Katipunan broke out, women took up integral roles in the struggle…. women’s chapter was established with Josefa Rizal as the first elected president. Gregoria de Jesus Marina Dizon Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) Teresa Magbanua Trinidad Tecson Agueda Kahabagan Josefa Lllanes Escoda  Women poets published nationalistic pieces in revolutionary newspapers like El Heraldo. Hibik Namin (read) Rosa Sevilla Alvero published an essay in the revolution’s paper La Independencia titled Lo Que Debe Ser Mujer en la Sociedad (What a Woman Must Be in Society). In this essay, Alvero asserted that women are not silent and docile beings and are vital to the development of the human race.  Juana Castro wrote another article titled Rehabilitacion de la Mujer (Rehabilitation of the Woman), which argued that women should be allowed to venture into other professions outside of teaching and care, such as law and medicine.  1933, women’s suffrage was finally approved into law 1937 when Filipino women were allowed to participate in the elections. In the next decades, Filipino women would further advance the feminist movement.  1960’s-70’s (Period of Activism),struggles for political equality continued. Groups like MAKIBAKA (Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan) believed that women should also be concerned with social and economic equality. 80’s, the women’s movements started to discuss issues related to national identity, gender identity, peace, and children’s rights.  By the following decades, the movement for gender equality in the Philippines would expand to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) sector. At present, women and LGBT organizations continue to grow and gain strength as they fight for their rightful place in the society. End!