Reviewer in Art Appreciation PDF

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAINTING IN THE PHILIPPINES **[SPANISH PERIOD]** - - - - - **JOSE DANS** -- he used cat's fur. Detail of the Paete Mural attributed to Dans **DAMIANO DOMINGO** -- Self-Potrait*,* Undated, Paulino and Hetty Que Collection **JUSTINIANO ASUNCION** -- Dolores Paterno,...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAINTING IN THE PHILIPPINES **[SPANISH PERIOD]** - - - - - **JOSE DANS** -- he used cat's fur. Detail of the Paete Mural attributed to Dans **DAMIANO DOMINGO** -- Self-Potrait*,* Undated, Paulino and Hetty Que Collection **JUSTINIANO ASUNCION** -- Dolores Paterno, c.1870 ALFONSO ONGPIN **[THE ACADEMIA]** - - - - - - - - **[19^th^ CENTURY]** - - - **[AMERICAN PERIOD]** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **[SPANISH PERIOD]** - - - - - - - - **[AMERICAN PERIOD]** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **[FAMOUS FILIPINO PAINTERS]** **Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo** (1855-1913) Notable Work: Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (silver medal, 1884 Madrid Exposition) Other Works: Charon\'s Boat, Oedipus and Antigone, The Artist\'s Mother (1888) Life: Lived in Paris; returned to Manila in 1912. **Juan Luna** (1857-1899) Notable Works: The Dream of Love, Tampuhan, The Lady with Guitar Life: Gold medal, 1884 Madrid Exposition; shot his wife in a jealous rage in 1872. **Fernando Amorsolo** (1892-1972) Achievements: National Artist Awardee; 40 works exhibited in NYC (1925). Notable Works: Afternoon Meal of the Rice Workers, The Blind Man, The Burning of Manila, Antipolo. Vicente Manansala (1910-1981) Style: Progressive artist, influenced by Cubism. Notable Work: Give Me This Diary. **Carlos \"Botong\" V. Francisco** (1912-1969) Notable Work: Bayanihan. Style: Mural artist; depicted Filipino life and history. **Mauro Malang Santos** (1928) Background: Illustrator, cartoonist; emerged as an abstract painter. Notable Work: Ang Kiukok. **Jose Joya** (1931-1995) Education: Magna Cum Laude, UP (1953); Fulbright Scholarship, Cranbrook Academy of Art (1957). Style: Evolved to geometric forms with vibrant colors. **[FAMOUS FILIPINO COMPOSERS]** **Col. Antonio Buenaventura** (1904-1996) Education: Teacher\'s Diploma in Composition and Conducting, UP. Contributions: Composed piano pieces, hymns, chamber music; organized UP Junior Orchestra. **Lucrecia R. Kasilag** (1917-2008) Education: Music Teacher\'s Diploma, St. Scholastica\'s (1939); Bachelor of Music, Philippine Women\'s University (1949); Master of Music, Eastman School of Music. Role: Administrator, Cultural Center of the Philippines. **Felipe Padilla de Leon** (1912-1992) Background: Student of Col. Buenaventura; appointed assistant instructor at UP. Contributions: Composed music for various forms; held leadership roles in music organizations. **Antonio Molina** (1894-1980) Background: Faculty, UP Conservatory; taught harmony, composition, music history. Notable Work: Composed zarzuela Ate Maria; conductor for various orchestras. **Lucio D. San Pedro** (1912-2002) Background: Composed sacred and secular music; conducted Musical Philippines Philharmonic Orchestra. Achievements: Won prizes for works; connected with major conservatories. **[WORLD-RENOWNED VISUAL And PERFORMING ARTISTS]** ***Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)*** Was born in 1452 in Vinci, Republic of Florence. Spent his younger years in Tuscany. In 1449, he went to Florence with his father. In Florence, he became an apprentice in painting to Andrea del Verrocio, q sculptor until 1476. In 1482, he went to Milan and worked under Ludovico Sforza until 1499. Under Sforza, he painted portraits, invented machines of war and architectural structures. He died on May 2, 1519. HIS PAINTINGS: The Baptism of Christ The Virgin and Child with St. Anne Mona Lisa The Adoration of the Magi St. John the Baptist The Battle of the Anghiari The Last Supper ***Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)*** Was born on March 6, 1475 in Caprese, 40miles outside Florence, Italy. Spent his life in Florence and Rome. Her mother died while he was young. In Florence, he lived in the Sta. Crosse Quarter with his family. Never married asserting that his art was sufficient mistress to him. Remained in Rome for 5 years. He died on February 18, 1564 at the age of 88. HIS PAINTINGS: Battle of the Centaurs San Giovanni de Fiorentini Sleeping Cupid Bacchus Pieta The Creation of Adam ***Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)*** First child of Don Jose Ruiz Biasco, a painter, and Maria Picasso y Lopez. Was born on October 25, 1891 in Malaga, Spain. Studied art in Barcelona and Paris in 1890. In 1905, he gave up portraying the world of the poor. Instead, he portrayed circus players and harlequins.In 1930s, he became concerned with social, political and symbolic etching. In 1944, he joined the French Communist Party on his 80th Birthday, he was honored in different exhibitions in New York City and other Cities. HIS PAINTINGS: La Vie The Old Guitarist Boy Leading a Horse Family of Saltimbanques Woman with a Guitar Standing Female Nude ***Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)*** Born in Groot-Zundert in the dutch province of North Brabant on March 31, 1853. Eldest son of a protestant minister. He was employed in The Hague branch of the Art dealer Goupil. In 1873, he went to London, fell in love with his landlady\'s daughter, Ursula Loyer, to whom he proposed but was rejected. In 1877, he was employed in Bookstore. In 1878, he went to Brussels where he taught the Holy Scripture, cared for the sick and instructed children. He left almost 600 paintings and more than 900 know drawings and watercolors. HIS PAINTINGS: Sorrowing Old Man Head of a Woman with White Cap The Sower Head of a Peasant Loom with Weaver The Potato Eaters Starry Night ***Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)*** Orphaned at an early age Introduced to music by an older brother who procured for him a scholarship St Michael\'s school in Luneburg. He held 5 positions. concertos, among others. Organist, court conductor, composer of chamber music and concertos. In 1722, became a cantor of Leipzig, the position he held for the rest of his life. In 1707, he married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach. After her death, he married Anna Magdalena Wilcken of Bach's 20 children, 3 sons became famous musicians. He died poor, leaving cantatas, concertos and symphonies. ***Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)*** Was Born in Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770. He learned to play piano and violin from his father who was a singer. Became tutor to some children. When he visited Vienna, he met Waldstein, who became his lifelong friend. Late 1790s, he began to lose his hearing. He became totally dead during the last year of his life. 1826, he caught a serious cold which developed into pneumonia. He died on March 26, 1827. ***Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)*** Polish pianist and composer. Studied in Warsaw Lived his life with George Sand, but never married her. He composed two concertos, three sonatas, 24 prelude and many waltzes, nocturnes, and polonaises. He also wrote a cello sonata, a piano trio, and songs. ***George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)*** At first, his father did not want him to be a musician. But upon the advice of a nobleman, he finally let her son study clavier and organ. At 18, he went to Hamburg where he came in contact with Italian operas with German text. Court composer in Rome, Florence, and Naples He had trouble with rival singers that held him into bankruptcy. To recover, he turned into oratorio, producing some masterpieces such as Saul and Israel in Egypt and Messiah were instrumental in maintaining his popularity. 1751, he became completely blind. His famous compositions are Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks. ***Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)*** Born in Salzburg, Austria to violinist and composer Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria Pertl. 1762, his father took him to Germany, Paris, and London. 1770, he wrote the entire score of Miserere by Gregorio Allegri in Rome. Settled in Vienna as a freelance musician and teacher, composing such masterpieces as The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni. He composed 49 symphonies, over 40 concertos, 25 violin and clarinet pieces, 7 string quintets, and 26 string quartets. His finest work in opera include the The Magic Flute and Jupiter Symphony. He also wrote, Requiem, an unfinished work. ***Johann Strauss II (1825-1899)*** Violinist, conductor, and composer. Eldest son of Johann Strauss I, a famous composer and conductor known as the "Father of Waltz". At 6, he composed his first waltz. At 19, he organized his own orchestra which performed some of his compositions. Resigned as court conductor in 1870 to devote himself to the composition of the Operettas. He wrote more than 100 polkas, 150 waltzes, 70 quadrilles, marches, and gallops. His famous waltzes include: Lagoon waltz, Gypsy Baron, A Night in Venice, Roses from the South, and Voices of Spring ***Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)*** Russian Composer. Studied in St. Petersburg, later became a professor at the Moscow conservatoire in1866. He was offered financial support by a wealthy widow whom he never met. 1877, he suffered from depression due to a disastrous married life. Died of cholera from drinking unboiled water in 1893. His greatest symphonies are 6 symphonies, 3 piano concertos, a violin concerto, and string quartets. ***Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)*** His music is human and intrinsically Italian. His operas were born out of nationalistic fervor. He developed the motives and action of the characters through the harmonic and tonal relationships of the music, translating human emotion into action. He wrote The Troubadour, The Lost One, and Regaletto. He was also behind the opera Aida. He also composed Otello and Requiem Mass. ***The Development of Performing Arts in the Philippines*** The early Filipinos sung lullabies, planting songs, boat songs, and feasting mourning songs. The Negritos have the gitgit which resembles the violin. The Cordilleras have the koleleng or balilin (**nose flute**), and kolitong (**3-11 strings**). They also have the drums like albon (**rice drum**) and solibao (**conical drum**). The Muslims have the palendag (**lip flute**), sahunay (**pipe flute**), tumpong (**chipon tube flute**). They have string instrument like the kudyapi or boat flute. Their percussion instruments are the dabakan (**conical drum**), gabbang **(xylophone)** and gamelan **(gong)** ***Music in the Spanish Period*** In the 18th century, native folksongs. Acquired the duple meter and the pentatonic musical score. There were religious hymns and singing of the pasyon and the harana. In the 19th century, kundiman and balitao were still popular. Musical organizations started from church choirs. They formed themselves into rondallas. ***Music in the American Period*** Musicians introduced the zarzuela. Songs composed in the period like "Mutya ng Pasig" and "Anak Dalita" were based on traditional forms such as kumintang and kundiman. To preserve our native culture the then UP President Jorge Bocobo appointed Francisco Santiago to gather records and study folksongs. He also encouraged Francisca Reyes Aquino to record Philippine native dances. When the Japanese came, the Manila Shimbun-su sponsored a contest in which participants were asked to translate into Tagalog the lyrics of a song dedicated to the "New Philippines." ***Music in the Post-War Period*** During the post-war period, there had been a proliferation of cumbancheros or combos, easing out the rondalla in popularity. **Dr. Eliseo** introduced his "***Lam-ang Suite***", a symphony combining Western concepts and native themes. **The Life of Lam-Ang (Ang Biag ni Lam-Ang)** -- Eliseo Pajaro ***The Development of Literature in the Philippines*** ***Literature in the Early Period (1900-1930)*** English and American literature were introduced in Philippine schools by the Thomasite teachers who replaced the American soldier-teachers. The works of Chaucer, Milton, Shakespeare, Emerson, Poe, Longfellow, Shelley, Joyce, Tennyson, and other famous writers became the models of the early Filipino Writers. Short stories dealt with romantic tales of legendary figures. The "**Dead Stars**" of Paz M. Benitez was one of the most- loved short stories at the time. Jorge Bocobo, Amador Daguio, Pilar H. Lim, Jose Villa Panganiban, and Jose Garcia Villa had also written short stories. ***Literature in the Middle Period (1930-1960)*** During this period, the short story showed the most rapid improvement in terms of quality and depth. Poetry remained romantic. Among the well-known poets of the time were Trinidad Subido, Jose del Castillo, Amador Daguio, NVM Gonzales, Abelardo Subido and Jose Garcia Villa, whose series of erotic poems "Man's Songs" became controversial. ***Literature in the Modern Period*** Filipino essayists like Francisco Arcellana, Renato Constantino, Carlos Quirino, and Teodoro Valencia, among others, wrote essays that focused on injustices, moral corruption, and socio- economic reforms. ***The Development of Dance in the Philippines*** During the early times, Philippine dances were based on myths, traditions, and daily lives of the common tao. The devoted efforts of Dr. Jorge Bocobo and Francisca Reyes-Aquino laid a firm foundation for the future leap of the native folkdance into the new age. In 1954, Dr. Bocobo and his companions attended the Asian Native Folk Dance Festival, held in East Pakistan, in which they received a great amount of attention and praise. In 1957, the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company was established as the performing arm of the Bayanihan Folk Arts Center. Other dance groups like the Philippine Barangay Folk Dance Troupe and the FEU Dance Company followed the footsteps of the Bayanihan group. The CCP Dance Company and Karilagan Dance Troupe were among these dance groups.