Oral Communication Reviewer PDF

**ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER** **3.1** **REGULATION OR CONTROL -** pace and flow of conversations **VERBAL CUES -** expressions a speaker can say in signaling to stop or continue **"That's it" and "Thank you" -** done speaking **"Yeah" and "Uh-huh"** -- continue speaking **"Well..." and "Um.....

**ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER** **3.1** **REGULATION OR CONTROL -** pace and flow of conversations **VERBAL CUES -** expressions a speaker can say in signaling to stop or continue **"That's it" and "Thank you" -** done speaking **"Yeah" and "Uh-huh"** -- continue speaking **"Well..." and "Um..." -** speaker is not finished **"Is that clear?" and "Do you follow?" -** continuous flow of conversation **NONVERBALCUES -** facial expressions or actions in signaling **EYE CONTACT -** speaker is signaling that he or she is requesting feedback **HEAD SHAKING -** wants the speaker to stop talking **RAISING THE INDEX FINGER -** speaker is not finished speaking **LEANING BACK -** speaker is done talking **SOCIAL INTERACTION -** exchange between two or more people for social fulfillment **3.2** **MOTIVATION -** enables an individual to do something to achieve a particular goal Using communication for motivation: INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY, EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS **INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY -** person is stimulated or excited about doing something **EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS -** feels a sense of personal achievement Ways to motivate others are: WALK THE TALK , ACTIVELY LISTEN , MAKE A PERSON HE/SHE MAKES A DIFFERENCE, COMMUNICATE CLEARLY AND WITH COMPASSION **WALK THE TALK -** not be able to effectively and easily motivate others if you are not motivated **ACTIVELY LISTEN -** attentive when listening to what the other person is saying **MAKE A PERSON HE/SHE MAKES A DIFFERENCE -** efforts are recognized and appreciated **COMMUNICATE CLEARLY AND WITH COMPASSION -** focus on the quality and not the quantity How motivation works: NEEDS, BEHAVIOR, REWARDS **NEEDS -** when one wants to achieve something **BEHAVIOR -** when one wants to establish a good image **REWARDS -** person to continue communicating Communication can be used to **give** and **receive information** **3.3** **INFORMATION -** knowledge or facts about a certain subject such as an event Tips on giving information to others: MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT AND SPEAK CLEARLY, USE VARIATIONS IN SPEECH, FOCUS ON THE NEEDED INFORMATION **MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT AND SPEAK CLEARLY -** shows your interest and sincerity **USE VARIATIONS IN SPEECH -** vary the intonation and volume of your voice **FOCUS ON THE NEEDED INFORMATION -** needed and give direct and precise information Tips on obtaining or receiving information from others: NOTE DOWN IMPORTANT INFORMATION, ASK QUESTIONS, ASK FOR CLARIFICATION AND VERIFICATION **NOTE DOWN IMPORTANT INFORMATION -** do not have to write down everything **ASK QUESTIONS -** way to obtain information **ASK FOR CLARIFICATION AND VERIFICATION** **3.4** **EMOTION -** help humans communicate their ideas and feelings **-** can be conveyed **verbally** and **nonverbally** (Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of Glasgow) 4 basic human emotions: HAPPY, SAD, [SURPRISED]/AFRAID, [ANGRY]/DISGUSTED **HAPPY -** person is content, pleased **SAD -** feelings of despair, sorrow **SURPRISED -** something unexpected occurs **-** feeling of shock or amazement **ANGRY -** feels intense frustration **-** feels offended, irritated **4.1** **SPEECH COTEXT -** situation or environment and the circumstances 3 main types of speech context: INTRAPERONAL SPEECH CONTEXT, INTERPERSONAL SPEECH CONTEXT, PUBLIC COMMUNICATION **4 Characteristics of Speech Contexts:** **NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS -** may involve just one person, two persons **PHYSICAL [PROXIMITY OF THE PARTICIPANTS] IN RELATION TO ONE ANOTHER-** may stand close or may be distant **THE CHANNEL USED FOR THE COMMUNICATION -** may happen face-to-face or through telephone calls **THE IMMEDIACY OF THE EXCHANGE -** feedback is readily given and received Categories of Communication: FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION **FORMAL COMMUNICATION -** mostly in a workplace or an organized **-** such as letters, memorandums, or e-mails **INFORMAL COMMUNICATION -** occurs in non-organized situations **-** everyday conversations, chatting, and spontaneous interactions **4.2** **INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION -** communicating with oneself **Types of Intrapersonal Communication:** INTERNAL DISCOURSE, SOLO WRITTEN and SOLO VOCAL COMMUNICATION **INTERNAL DISCOURSE -** inner talk or activities such as thinking, reflecting **SOLO WRITTEN COMMUNICATION -** involves writing that is not intended for others **SOLO VOCAL COMMUNICATION -** occurs only in the mind of the individual **Being a Better Communicator:** **LEARN ABOUT YOURSELF BY ENGAGING IN SELF-DIALOGUE -** what your strengths and weaknesses **PRACTICE SELF-AFFIRMATION -** to better yourself and consciously strive to grow **4.3** **INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION -** transmission or exchange of messages **DIRECT -** face-to-face encounter **INDIRECT -** use of a tool or technology Kinds of Interpersonal Communication: DYAD, SMALL GROUP **DYAD -** composed of two participants **SMALL GROUP -** composed of three or more participants **Tips on how to effectively communicate in an interpersonal speech context:** **KNOW THE OBJECTIVE OF THE COMMUNICATION -** purpose of a particular communication situation **LET THE OTHER PARTICIPANT SPEAK -** do not hog the floor or speak for too long **OBSERVE THE OTHER PARTICIPANTS' NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR -** whether they understand your message **USE WORDS THAT ARE APPROPRIATE FOR THE SITUATION -** avoid using informal words such as slang **4.4** **PUBLIC COMMUNICATION -** single speaker and a sizable number of persons Why Do We Do Public Communication?**:** TO INFORM, PERSUADE, and ENTERTAIN **TO INFORM -** give information about a topic **TO PERSUADE -** convince people to adopt a specific point of view **TO ENTERTAIN -** done during special occasions **MASS COMMUNICATION -** delivered with the use of media such as newspapers, television **5.1** **SPEECH STYLE -** indicates the level of formality **-** also called language registers (The Five Clocks, Dutch linguist Martin Joos) 5 types of speech style**:** INTIMATE, CASUAL, CONSULTATIVE, FORMAL, FROZEN **RONALD WARDHAUGH -** "no one speaks the same way all the time." - An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (1986) Factors affecting speech style: AUDIENCE, TOPIC, PURPOSE, LOCATION **AUDIENCE -** speaking with **TOPIC -** subject of the conversation or the communication situation **PURPOSE -** objective of the communication **LOCATION -** communication being held **5.2** **INTIMATE SPEECH STYLE -** complete absence of social **inhibitions (MARTIN JOOS)** **-** used by participants who share a very close relationship **CASUAL SPEECH STYLE -** relaxed or informal dialogue between friends **-** may use group language **5.3** **CONSULTATIVE SPEECH STYLE -** most operational style **-** semi-formal situations in which a speaker needs to provide background information **Example, conversations between: - a teacher and a student , - a doctor and a patient , - a lawyer and a client** **5.4** **FORMAL SPEECH STYLE -** lack of listener participation \- one-way communication \- used in sermons, speeches, and announcements **FROZEN SPEECH STYLE -** also called the oratorical style **-** most formal style and is reserved for very formal situations **-** such as religious services, state affairs, and court proceedings.