Oral Communication in Context PDF - 1st Semester Final Term

Oral Communication in Context 1st Semester; Final Term Lecturer: Ms. Ma. Ricel P. Rico, LPT A.Y. 24-25 Lesson 1: Benefits of Public Speaking To deliver our message effectively...

Oral Communication in Context 1st Semester; Final Term Lecturer: Ms. Ma. Ricel P. Rico, LPT A.Y. 24-25 Lesson 1: Benefits of Public Speaking To deliver our message effectively ★ Good public speaker learn how to express their Public Speaking ideas through effective delivery techniques, or how ★ As defined by Aristotle, public speaking is the one presents their message through the voice and “faculty of discovering in the particular body case all the available means of persuasion.” To listen more intently and effectively ★ Rhetoric ★ Public speaking is about affecting human ★ The ability to listen critically to messages and behavior: “How can I create a message that protect yourself from selfish manipulation and will affect my audience?” exploitation by others is an essential life skill ★ Persuasion ★ Public speaking is “A powerful form of To provide useful feedback communication that includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking, an audience that ★ In many public speaking classes, students learn to gives the speaker attention and a message provide constructive criticism to their peers , a that is meant to accomplish a specific useful and life-long skill purpose.” (O’Hair and Weiman, 2012) To take an audience-oriented perspective Benefits of Public Speaking ★ In public speaking courses, students learn how to To succeed in your studies conduct an audience analysis, which is the process of understanding your audience and ★ As students, you will almost certainly be asked to adapting your presentation to meet their needs prepare and deliver oral presentations in many college courses in a wide variety of disciplines To excite and engage people To advance your future career ★ Good speakers are able to use creative and vivid language to evoke feelings and images in ★ Employers continually report that good listeners’ minds communication skills, such as public speaking and presentation ability, are the most essential To empower yourself to be a leader and desired qualities a job candidate can possess ★ Humes, a former speechwriter argues that public speaking is “the language of leadership” and that To strengthen critical thinking “every time you have to speak-whether it’s in an auditorium, in a company conference room, or ★ Students public speaking courses become critical even at your own desk- you are auditioning for thinkers in part by learning about adapting one’s leadership” message to their audience, strategies for organizing persuasive messages, and techniques for listening Lesson 2: Aspects of Effective Speaking To reduce anxiety and boost confidence Effective Speaking ★ One can reduce anxiety in public once one practices public speaking because one can read ★ Nowadays, it means speaking in public with the room much better and can know the purpose of confidence, clarity, and reflecting your own their speech personality at the same time ★ To ensure being able to speak in public effectively, consider these aspects Fajardo, Kyla Francine H. 12-Bl. Mario Borzaga 1  Aspects to Consider in Effective Public Speaking Persuasive 1. Accent ★ Convince audience to change their beliefs or views on an issue ★ If your accent does not affect your listeners ★ Use the 3 modes of persuasion: negatively and doesn’t make you uncomfortable, ★ Ethos: credibility just be yourself ★ Pathos: emotion ★ If your accent is strongly marked to make you feel ★ Logos: logic inadequate, embarrassed, and prevents you from being understood, you really need to do Start: a quote, stand/viewpoint, etc something to neutralize it Body: arguments/counterarguments End: restatement and an impactful statement 2. Voice Entertainment ★ Your voice is distinct to you ★ It reflects your self-esteem ★ Captivate the audience to be amused with you ★ If you are confident with yourself, you’re more ★ Adapt to the occasion, audience, and the length likely to have command in your voice and of time for your speech clarity of speech ★ Basically story telling 3. Breathing Start: a joke, narrative, or quote Body: a story (depending on the occasion) ★ Through good breathing or using the full capacity End: punchline, a thank you, or congratulations of your lungs, your breath will be able to support your voice to make it richer, fuller, and stronger ★ Breathing deeply and rhythmically has a calming Lesson 3 PT2: Types of Speeches According to Delivery and therapeutic effect as it releases tension and promotes relaxation Types of Speech ★ Every speech has its purpose but can vary in approach or delivery ★ Delivery is the method used for the speech and especially the time you have to prepare Lesson 3 PT1: Types of Speeches According to Purpose and practice Types of Speeches According to Delivery Speech ★ The ability to talk, the activity of talking, or a Impromptu piece of spoken language ★ A formal talk given usually to a large number ★ On the spot; Without any notice ahead of time of people on a special occasion (Cambridge ★ Excused for any mistake or imperfection Dictionary) ★ Good practice for improving one’’s image Types of Speeches According to Purpose Extemporaneous Informative ★ Limits your time to prepare (at least a day or 10 minutes before) ★ Provide knowledge or interesting unknown facts to ★ Allow notes or cue cards to be used in the audience presentations ★ Aims to educate the audience ★ Make descriptions and use visual aids Manuscript ★ Reporting ★ Reads a prepared script for the speech with a Start: a citation, trivia, or quote proper attitude Body: explanation, definition, or description ★ Gives the speaker assurance to deliver the End: importance of this piece of knowledge speech the way it was prepared Fajardo, Kyla Francine H. 12-Bl. Mario Borzaga 2  Memorized 2. Analyzing the audience ★ Prepares the entire speech and delivers it out of ★ Age - What is the average age group? memory ★ Gender - What are their gender and sexual ★ Practices the exact lines and actions by the orientation? speaker ★ Education - What is the education level of the audience? ★ Religion - What are the religious orientations of the audience? Lesson 4: Principles of Speech Writing ★ Culture - Are the audience alike ethnically? ★ Geography - Are the audience familiar with each other? Speech Writing ★ Affiliation - Are the audience part of a certain ★ Is the art of conveying a message to the group or sector? audience through words ★ Interests - Are the audience expecting a specific ★ “Speech is power. Speech is to persuade, to topic to be discussed? convert, to compel. It is to bring another out of his bad sense into your good sense.” 3. Sourcing the information - Ralph Waldo Emerson 1. Examples - In writing a speech, use concrete Principles of Speech Writing examples to get the attention of your audience 2. Statistics - Always use a visual aid to show statistical trends like charts 1. Choosing the subject and topic 3. Testimony - Get expert opinions from people who have firsthand experiences ★ A subject is a broad knowledge such as education, 4. Anecdotes & Narratives - Relay a short and science, art, etc. amusing story or give personal accounts ★ A topic is some specific aspect of a subject 5. Comparisons - Start with similarities before differences Example 6. Quotations - Look for quotes that drive your point Subject - breast cancer 7. Definitions - Make the meaning of the word clear Topic - Experience of survivors to prove a certain point 8. Audiovisual aids - use objects, models, Step 1: Personal Inventory presentations, chalkboards, graphs, maps, Make a quick inventory of your vocation, hobbies, video/audio recordings and interests Jot down anything that comes to your mind no matter how irrelevant 4. Outlining and Organizing Step 2: Clustering ★ Thesis - Make sure that your thesis statement is Take a sheet of paper and divide it into eight included columns: ★ Main points - Write in complete sentences ○ People, Places, Things, Events, ★ Order - Follow a pattern: Time, spatial, causal, Processes, Concepts, Natural problem-solution, or logical phenomenon, Problems Introduction - The main purpose of an introduction is to hold the audience’s attention until the end Step 3: Reference Search a. Rhetorical question You can browse through any reference portal, b. Starting statement online encyclopedia, or any subject-based website c. Quotation Example d. Story Subject: Music Conclusion - Make a full story or rotation. Tell the audience Topic: Music Therapy what they must do afterwards General Purpose: To inform a. Summary Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about b. Quotation the benefits of music therapy for people with c. Emotional/dramatic statement psychological problems d. Appeal to Action Fajardo, Kyla Francine H. 12-Bl. Mario Borzaga 3  Title - It is the headline for your speech and makes it more 5. Expand your vocabulary memorable 6. Practice regularly a. Question b. Simple expression Modulation c. Creative title ★ Ability to adjust the pitch, tone, and volume of the voice ★ Keeps the audience engaged, helps emphasize Lesson 5: Principles of Speech Delivery key points, and express emotions Pitch - the highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice Speech Delivery Tone - the quality or character of the speaker’s voice ★ Manner in which a speaker presents their Volume - the loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice message to an audience. ★ Encompasses both the content of the Tips to Improve your Modulation speech and the way it is communicated 1. Understand the basics of modulation 2. Use pauses effectively Principle 3. Engage in voice exercises ★ Rule that explains or controls how 4. Read aloud with emotion something happens or works (Cambridge 5. Watch and learn from great speakers Dictionary) 6. Practice regularly Principles of Speech Delivery Nonverbal Delivery Articulation ★ This aspect of speaking is important because we communicate many of our thoughts ★ Clarity of the speaker’s pronunciation through nonverbal delivery ★ Involves pronouncing words clearly and ★ According to a study, 50% of meaning distinctly conveyed in a conversation is expressed ★ Ensures that the audience understands the through the face message without confusion ★ A speaker’s appearance and physical attractiveness can enhance a speaker’s Voice Production persuasive influence 1. Respiration - generates enough breath support for voicing Stage Presence 2. Phonation - adjusts muscles (larynx and vocal cords) to produce sound ★ The ability of the speaker to own the stage 3. Resonance - creates vibration and amplified to ★ The opposite of stage fright, which is considered become human voice the top,pst fear in the world of public speaking ★ Always consider your physical appearance Voice Disorders ★ It creates a positive impression when you dress - Can be caused by the speaker's experience, appropriately for the audience, occasion, and the background, and habits of speaking that affects vocal topic delivery. 1. Person’s physical condition Dress Codes Ex. Cleft palate, lisps, hearing impairment, 1. Business - formal etc. 2. Business 2. Psychological health 3. Business Casual Ex. Selective mutism, nuances, etc. 4. Smart Casual 5. Casual Tips to Improve your Articulation 1. Practice pronunciation 2. Read aloud Facial expressions, gestures, and movements 3. Eliminate filler words ★ Facial expressions 4. Slow down your speech Fajardo, Kyla Francine H. 12-Bl. Mario Borzaga 4  ○ if you project emotion about a topic through facial expressions, you will receive a similar response from the audience ★ Gestures ○ should be spontaneous and reflective of an individual’s feelings and energies ○ Successful gestures are precise; they punctuate words and ideas clearly ★ Movements ○ Good posture can make you feel more prepared than one who slouches on the lectern ○ Standing on both feet gives you greater stability than shifting from one leg to another Rapport with Audience ★ Audience analysis is the most important tool for establishing a connection with the audience ★ The speaker would know how to deliver the message to the audience and strike them or connect with his/her listeners at a deeper level Fajardo, Kyla Francine H. 12-Bl. Mario Borzaga 5