Final Fall 24 Biology Questions PDF

What is the powerhouse of the cell? a.) mitochondria b.) chlorophyll c.) cytoplasm d.) cytosol Diffusion of water is called what? a.) photosynthesis b.) osmosis c.) electron transport chain d.) reproduction What makes up a proteoglycan? a\. A core protein and glycosaminoglycan chains b\....

What is the powerhouse of the cell? a.) mitochondria b.) chlorophyll c.) cytoplasm d.) cytosol Diffusion of water is called what? a.) photosynthesis b.) osmosis c.) electron transport chain d.) reproduction What makes up a proteoglycan? a\. A core protein and glycosaminoglycan chains b\. Linear fat chains, and glycosaminoglycan chains c\. Circular fat chains and glycosaminoglycan chains d\. Several core proteins How many hydrogen bonds does A-T have? a\. 2 b\. 3 c\. 1 d\. 0 Telomere is made by an enzyme called? a\. DNA primase b\. Polymerase c\. Okazaki fragments d\. Telomerase What is the process of turning genes on and off a\. gene regulation b\. gene expression c\. transcription d\. mutation What is the start codon a\. TRNA b\. MRNA c\. UAG d\. AUG Where does splicing take place within the cell A. Cytoplasm B. Spliceosome C. Rough ER D. Nucleus What is the basic unit of life? a\. Atom b\. Cell c\. Tissue d\. Organ What are the steps, in order, for glucose catabolism? A. Oxidative phosphorylation, shuttle step, glycolysis and citric acid cycle B. Shuttle step, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and citric acid cycle C. Glycolysis, shuttle step, oxidative phosphorylation and citric acid cycle D. Glycolysis, shuttle step, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation Which of the following best describes the role of apoptosis in multicellular organisms? a\) It increases cell proliferation b\) It eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells (Correct answer!) c\) It promotes inflammation d\) It enhances nutrient absorption How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction with activation energy? a\) By increasing the temperature of the reaction. b\) By providing an alternative reaction pathway lowering the activation energy. (Correct answer!) c) By decreasing the concentration of reactants. d\) By removing products from the reaction mixture The primary structure of a protein is determined by: How many pairs of autosomes are there in humans? a\. 23 pairs b\. 22 pairs c\. 21 pairs d\. 25 pairs Which of the following is not a mechanism of gene transfer between bacterial cells? a\. Conjugation b\. Transduction c\. Relocation d\. Transformation What strand is complementary to 5\'ATGAC3\'? a\. 3\'TACTG5\' \-\-- b.5\'ATGAC3\' c.5\'TACTG5\' d.3\'ATUAC5\' What is the most important enzyme/most common on Earth? a\. Amylase b.Ligase c.RuBisCo \-\-\-\-- d.Cellulase Which of the following best explains simple diffusion? A: Molecules moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration B: Molecules moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration C: The process in which a cell splits and becomes two identical cells D: The process in which a cell lyses 2.How many identical daughter cells do binary fission have? a)5 b)3 c)4 d)2 Transcription occurs a\. In the nucleus of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells b\. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and cytosol of prokaryotic cells c\. In the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells d\. In the ribosome of eukaryotic cells and cytosol of prokaryotic cells Which bond uses the most energy in order to break it apart? a\. A=T b\. A=U c\. G=C d\. T=C Which of the following correctly describes energy coupling in biological systems? A. Energy flows from an endergonic process to an exergonic one. B. Energy flows from an exergonic process to an endergonic one. C. Energy is released only during ion gradient formation. D. Energy coupling only occurs during anabolic processes. What type of energy is associated with ion concentration gradients across membranes? A. Chemical energy B. Gravitational energy C. Electrochemical energy D. Thermal energy Which macromolecule is responsible for storing genetic information in living organisms? A. Lipids B. Proteins C. Nucleic Acids D. Carbohydrates Which of the following processes occurs during mitosis? A. DNA Replication B. Separation of sister chromatids C. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes D. Formation of Gametes What is the complementary mRNA strand to the following strand of DNA: 5\' ATTATGCAT 3\' a\. 3\' TAATACGTA 5\' b\. 5\' UAAUACGUA 3\' c\. 3\' UAAUACGUA 5\' (correct) d\. 5\' GCCGCATGC 3\' A given catabolic reaction occurs spontaneously. Which could be true of the reaction? a\. ∆G = -327.3 kcal/mol; exergonic b\. ∆G = -327.3 kcal/mol; endergonic c\. ∆G = 327.3 kcal/mol; exergonic d\. ∆G = 327.3 kcal/mol; endergonic Which of the following structures is found in both Animal Cells and Plant Cells? a\. Central Vacuole b\. Golgi apparatus c\. Chloroplasts d\. Cell Wall Which of the following is a type of operon in Prokaryotic Gene Regulation? a\. Inducible Operon b\. Repressible Operon c\. Both A and B d\. Neither A or B What is the extracellular structure that distinguishes plant cells (have one) from animal cells (do not)? a\. central vacuole b\. mitochondrion c\. Golgi apparatus d\. cell wall Which of the following best defines development in biology? A. The division of a single cell into multiple identical cells. B. A series of changes in the state of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism. C. The process of organisms maintaining a stable internal environment. D. The ability of an organism to respond to environmental stimuli. What is the process called when a sperm and an egg unite to form a zygote? A. Mitosis B. Fertilization C. Meiosis D. Differentiation What does a phenotype describe? a.) physical appearance b.) genetic code c.) offspring\'s genetic code d.) none of the above What is not part of glucose catabolism? a\. photosynthesis b\. glycosis c\. oxidative phosphorylation d\. citric acid cycle In glucose catabolism, where does glycolysis occur? A. Cytosol B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Thyroid What is Cell Communication? A. The process of cells dividing to form new cells B. The process of cells detecting and responding to signals in the extracellular environment C. The creation of energy in the mitochondria D. The movement of cells within the organism What are Okazaki fragments? A. Fragments of RNA B. Fragments of the leading strand C. Short DNA fragments on the lagging strand D. Pieces of DNA that unwind the helix What is the study of organic compounds (compounds with a carbon backbone)? a\. cell biology b\. neuroscience c\. organic chemistry d\. genetics Which answer best describes the allele -RR? A. Homozygous Dominant B. Homozygous Recessive C. Heterozygous D. Incomplete Dominance Which is the correct order of taxonomic groups? A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species B. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species C. Species, Domain, Class, Phylum, Order, Species, Genus, Kingdom D. Phylum, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Order, Genus, Class, Family Organ definition a\. Composed of one tissue b\. composed of two or more types of tissue c\. Composed of 3 or more types of cells d\. composed of only muscle tissue What is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA? A. Translation B. Transcription C. Protein Synthesis D. Mitosis Many large organic molecules are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ made up of long chains of the same or similar \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. monomers, polymers. B. polymers, monomers C. monosaccharides, polysaccharides D. polysaccharides, monosaccharides How do plants and animals store carbohydrates? a\. Plants store starch and animals store glycogen. b\. Plants store glycogen and animals store starch. c\. Both plants and animals store glycogen. d\. Both plants and animals store starch. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into\... a\. pyruvate b\. carbohydrates c\. oxygen d\. citrate The genotype Xx is.(under Mendelian Laws).. a\. homozygous recessive b\. not possible c\. heterozygous d\. homozygous dominant What is the term for cell death? a\. cytokinesis b\. apoptosis c\. transmission d\. replication Which is NOT a type of animal tissue a\. muscle b\. nervous c\. ground d\. connective DNA is short for: a\. Deoxyribonoic acid b\. dinucleotide arrangement c\. dynamic nucleotide arrangement d\. deoxyribonucleic acid What are the 3 domains of life? a\. Prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and bacteria b\. Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryote c\. Plants, animals, and bacteria d\. Eukaryotes, protists, and archaea Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A\) Lack of a nucleus B\) Presence of ribosomes C\) Presence of membrane-bound organelles D\) Circular DNA molecule Which of the following steps are NOT a part of Glucose catabolism a\. Citric Acid cycle b\. glycolysis c\. absorption of light d\. oxidative phosphorylation How many amino acids are in a singular codon? a\. 3 b\. 2 c\. 4 d\. 6 Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a\. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not. b\. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. c\. Prokaryotic cells are multicellular, while eukaryotic cells are always unicellular. d\. Eukaryotic cells lack genetic material, while prokaryotic cells contain it. Which of the following does not describe an exergonic reaction a\. It is spontaneous b\. energy is released by reaction c\. negative free energy change d\. need outside source of energy to make reaction occur Which type of RNA is used to code for the sequence of amino acids in protein during translation? a\. rRNA b\. tRNA c\. mRNA d\. snRNA What kind of energy is stored when something is at rest? a\. Kinetic b\. Thermal **c. Potential** d\. Chemical Which base pairs go together in a DNA sequence? a\. A+G, C+T b\. C+G, T+U c\. A+T, C+G d\. A+U, C+G What cancer is associated with HPV? a\. lung b\. cervical c\. brain d\. breast What is the term for all energy flow in an organism? a\. Anabolism b\. Catabolism c\. Metabolism d\. Kinetic energy What is the outcome when a proto-oncogene undergoes a mutation? A. It repairs DNA more efficiently B. It becomes a tumor suppressor gene C. It stops cell division D. It becomes an oncogene \* What is the type of cell division that involves sexually reproducing organisms? a.mitosis b\. meiosis c\. cell d\. heterozygous Which pyrimidine base does RNA contain that DNA does not? a\. Thymine b\. Adenine c\. Cytosine d\. Uracil What is the role of allolactose in the regulation of the lac operon? a\. It acts as a repressor of the lac operon. b\. It is a substrate for the lac operon. c\. It serves as an inducer that activates the lac operon. d\. It inhibits RNA polymerase activity