Q2 Types Of Communicative Strategies PDF

Recall: Unit I: Nature and Elements of Communication 1. Fundamentals of Communication 2. Intercultural Communication Unit II: Strategies in Various Speech Situations 1. Types of speech context and style 2. Types of speech act 3. __________________ TYPES OF CO...

Recall: Unit I: Nature and Elements of Communication 1. Fundamentals of Communication 2. Intercultural Communication Unit II: Strategies in Various Speech Situations 1. Types of speech context and style 2. Types of speech act 3. __________________ TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY Successful communication requires understanding Types of communicative strategies 1. Nomination 2. Restriction 3. Turn-taking 4. Topic control 5. Topic shifting 6. Repair 7. Termination  Nomination A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively Types of and productively establish a communicative strategies topic. Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are talking to. Nomination When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does not arise from a previous topic, you may start off with news inquiries and news announcements as they promise extended talk. Most importantly, keep the conversational environment open for opinions until the prior topic shuts down easily and initiates a smooth end. This could efficiently signal the beginning of a new topic in the conversation.  ▪ A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic. Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are talking to. 1. ▪ It is presenting a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is relevant is a Nomination strategy that can also be applied any time during the course of an interaction as a way of continuing the communication. When this strategy is 15 used, the topic is introduced in a clear and truthful manner, stating only what is relevant to keep the interaction focused.  ▪ Examples: "Do you have anything to say?" 1. "Have you heard the news about the prettiest Nomination girl in school?" "Now, it’s your turn to ask questions." "Does that make sense to you?"  Restriction Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a Types of speaker. When communicating in communicative the classroom, in a meeting, or strategies while hanging out with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say. Restriction For example, in your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives. In these cases, you cannot decide to talk about something else. On the other hand, conversing with your friends during ordinary days can be far more casual than these examples. Just the same, remember to always be on point and avoid sideswiping from the topic during the conversation to avoid communication breakdown.  ▪ Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. ▪ Also, this strategy constrains or restricts the Response of the other person involved in the Communication Situation. The Listener is forced 2. to respond only within a set of categories that is Restriction made by the Speaker. ▪ Examples: In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure. When you were asked to deliver a speech in a specific language.  Turn-taking Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because others take much time during the Types of conversation. Turn-taking pertains to communicative the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. strategies There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak. Turn-taking Remember to keep your words relevant and reasonably short enough to express your views or feelings. Try to be polite even if you are trying to take the floor from another speaker. Do not hog the conversation and talk incessantly without letting the other party air out their own ideas. To acknowledge others, you may employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or a step back, and you could accompany these signals with spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or “You wanted to say something?”  ▪ Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak. 3. Turn- ▪ Recognizing when and how to speak because it is one’s turn requires that each speaker speaks only Taking when it is his/ her turn during interaction. Knowing when to talk depends on watching out for the verbal and nonverbal cues that signal the next Speaker that the previous Speaker has finished or the topic under discussion has been exhausted and a new topic may be introduced. At the same time, it also means that others should be given the opportunity to take turn.  ▪ Turn-taking Communicative Strategy uses either an informal approach (just jump in and start talking) or a formal approach (permission to speak is requested). ▪ Example: 3. Turn- ▪ Can we all listen to the one who talk in front Taking of us? ▪ "Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time, so we can clearly understand what we want to say about the topic." ▪ "Go on with your ideas. I'll let you finish first before I say something."  Topic Control Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects the Types of development of topic in conversations. For example, in meetings, you may only communicative have a turn to speak after the strategies chairperson directs you to do so. Contrast this with a casual conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the conversational floor anytime. Topic Control Remember that regardless of the formality of the context, topic control is achieved cooperatively. This only means that when a topic is initiated, it should be collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts. You can make yourself actively involved in the conversation without overly dominating it by using minimal responses like “Yes,” “Okay,” “Go on”; asking tag questions to clarify information briefly like “You are excited, aren’t you?”, “It was unexpected, wasn’t it?”; and even by laughing!  ▪ This is simply a question-answer formula that moves the discussion forward.This also allows the Listener or other participants to take turns, contribute, ideas, and continue the 4. Topic discussion. Control ▪ Example: "One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”  Topic Shifting Topic shifting, as the name Types of suggests, involves moving communicative from one topic to another. In strategies other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins. Topic Shifting When shifting from one topic to another, you have to be very intuitive. Make sure that the previous topic was nurtured enough to generate adequate views. You may also use effective conversational transitions to indicate a shift like “By the way,” “In addition to what you said,” “Which reminds me of,” and the like.  ▪ Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins. ▪ It is introducing a new topic followed by the 5. Topic continuation of thattopic ▪ It is also a strategy that is useful in introducing Shifting another topic. This strategy works best when there is follow-through so that new topic continues to be discussed. ▪ Examples: "By the way, there's a new shop opening at the mall" “In addition to what you said about the beautiful girl is that she is also smart."  Repair Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, Types of and comprehending that they may communicative encounter in a conversation. For strategies example, if everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic. Repair Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction (Schegloff et al, 1977). If there is a problem in understanding the conversation, speakers will always try to address and correct it. Although this is the case, always seek to initiate the repair.  ▪ Repair refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. 6. Repair ▪ It is overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible messages. ▪ Examples: "Excuse me, but there are 5 Functions of Communication not 4." "I'm sorry, the word should be pronounced as pretty not priti.".  Termination Termination refers to the conversation participants’ Types of close-initiating expressions that communicative end a topic in a conversation. strategies Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well. Termination Although not all topics may have clear ends, try to signal the end of the topic through concluding cues. You can do this by sharing what you learned from the conversation. Aside from this, soliciting agreement from the other participants usually completes the discussion of the topic meaningfully.  ▪ Termination refers to the conversation of participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. ▪ It uses verbal and nonverbal signals to 7. end the interaction Termination ▪ Examples: ▪ "Best regards to your parents! See you around! “It was nice meeting you. Bye!“ "That is all for today class, goodbye!" ACTIVITY TIME! Identify the type of communicative strategy in each statement. 1. “Do you have anything to say?” Nomination 2. “One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the Restriction importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.” Turn-taking 3. “Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time, so we can Topic control clearly understand what we want to say about the issue.” Topic shifting 4. “Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish first before I say Repair something.” Termination 5. “Have you heard the news about the latest achievement of our government?” Identify the type of communicative strategy in each statement. 6. “Hey, how are you? I missed you!” Nomination Restriction 7. “Best regards to your parents! See you around!” Turn-taking 8. “Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you because I want to Topic control personally offer apologies for what I did yesterday.” 9. “Sorry, I can’t decide on that now. I am still focused on my writing Topic shifting assignment. Let’s talk next time, okay?” Repair 10. “Now, it’s your turn to ask questions.” Termination PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 1: Imaginary Trip Create a three-minute tourism commercial. Plan and present a tourism commercial about a tourist spot in the Philippines that you wish to visit or any place that you actually visited. Mention the things that make the tourist spot a dream destination. Remember, this activity will help you practice making positive statements about a vacation site and responding to how people see this place differently.  1. Why do tourists 6. Where can visit this place? visitors buy their PERFORMANCE 2. What do many souvenirs? TASK NO. 1: visitors like to do 7. What outdoor Imaginary Trip here? activities are 3. What would be famous? best for a day 8. What is amazing trip? about the When writing your weather? script for the 4. What should one do for a good 9. What is the best commercial, answer night out? thing to do here these 10 questions. 5. Where can during summer? visitors get the 10.What do tourists best food? say about this vacation spot?